The document compares the electrical power system to a tandem bicycle to help explain its complexities. It describes how power stations generate energy to power loads and maintain a constant voltage and frequency on the grid, similar to bicyclists pedaling to move riders on the back and keep the chain and wheels moving at a steady rate. It also discusses how reactive loads, harmonic distortion, and failures can disrupt the balance of the system and must be counteracted, analogous to issues that could cause the bicycle to wobble or speed up. The tandem bicycle is an imperfect but helpful analogy to build understanding of the challenging task of operating the electrical grid.
How Created Sub-Atomic Quantum Electron Energy Currently Performs Negative Work in Electricity Generation and Electric Mobility
and
How this Created Sub-Atomic Quantum Electron Energy can now
be Harnessed to Perform Positive Work in Electric Power Generation
and in Electric Mobility
This article explains how Sub-Atomic Quantum Electron Energy is created, why it performs Negative Work and how this created energy can now be used to perform Positive Work in electricity generation and electric mobility - when it is Delayed Sufficiently in the Time Domain.
And how this new knowledge will eventually help eliminate 100% of the C02, air pollution and human mortality created during fossil-fuel electricity generation and transportation in 2022 and beyond...
“The history of science shows that all theories are perishable. With every new truth that is revealed we get a better understanding of Nature and our conceptions and our views are modified.”
~ Nikola Tesla
How Created Sub-Atomic Quantum Electron Energy Currently Performs Negative Work in Electricity Generation and Electric Mobility
and
How this Created Sub-Atomic Quantum Electron Energy can now
be Harnessed to Perform Positive Work in Electric Power Generation
and in Electric Mobility
This article explains how Sub-Atomic Quantum Electron Energy is created, why it performs Negative Work and how this created energy can now be used to perform Positive Work in electricity generation and electric mobility - when it is Delayed Sufficiently in the Time Domain.
And how this new knowledge will eventually help eliminate 100% of the C02, air pollution and human mortality created during fossil-fuel electricity generation and transportation in 2022 and beyond...
“The history of science shows that all theories are perishable. With every new truth that is revealed we get a better understanding of Nature and our conceptions and our views are modified.”
~ Nikola Tesla
How Created Sub-Atomic Quantum Electron Energy Currently Performs Negative Work in Electricity Generation and Electric Mobility
and
How this Created Sub-Atomic Quantum Electron Energy can now
be Harnessed to Perform Positive Work in Electric Power Generation
and in Electric Mobility
This article explains how Sub-Atomic Quantum Electron Energy is created, why it performs Negative Work and how this created energy can now be used to perform Positive Work in electricity generation and electric mobility - when it is Delayed Sufficiently in the Time Domain.
And how this new knowledge will eventually help eliminate 100% of the C02, air pollution and human mortality created during fossil-fuel electricity generation and transportation in 2022 and beyond...
“The history of science shows that all theories are perishable. With every new truth that is revealed we get a better understanding of Nature and our conceptions and our views are modified.”
~ Nikola Tesla
How Created Sub-Atomic Quantum Electron Energy Currently Performs Negative Work in Electricity Generation and Electric Mobility
and
How this Created Sub-Atomic Quantum Electron Energy can now
be Harnessed to Perform Positive Work in Electric Power Generation
and in Electric Mobility
This article explains how Sub-Atomic Quantum Electron Energy is created, why it performs Negative Work and how this created energy can now be used to perform Positive Work in electricity generation and electric mobility - when it is Delayed Sufficiently in the Time Domain.
And how this new knowledge will eventually help eliminate 100% of the C02, air pollution and human mortality created during fossil-fuel electricity generation and transportation in 2022 and beyond...
“The history of science shows that all theories are perishable. With every new truth that is revealed we get a better understanding of Nature and our conceptions and our views are modified.”
~ Nikola Tesla
Thane C. Heins
CEO Potential +/- Difference Inc.
thaneh@potentialdifference.ca
1.613.898.1131
Potential +/- Difference Inc. - Pioneering Electric Vehicle Regenerative Acceleration Technology &
Charging Ahead...
“The scientists of today think deeply instead of clearly.
One must be sane to think clearly, but one can think deeply and be quite insane.”
~ Nikola Tesla
NEW AREAS OF PHYSICS INQUIRY WITH REGARDS TO THE SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES MADE DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE US Patented ReGenX GENERATOR AND
BI-TOROID TRANSFORMER INVENTIONS
Preface Overview
In 2007 it was discovered that the negative effects associated with Lenz's Law could actually be reversed in electric generator performance and a positive effect could be produced in its place.
Several new scientific revelations have followed as a result of this discovery.
The 1st revelation was that, the “equal and opposite reaction” as dictated by Newton's Third Law in Faraday's Law of Induction via Lenz's Law could now be replaced with an “equal and complementary reaction” via a new law of physics called Heins' Law.
The 2nd revelation revealed that, Lenz's Law had been successfully circumvented and Faraday's Law of Induction now required re-evaluation and rewriting to include this new discovery and a positive sign rather than a negative sign in Faraday's Law.
The 3rd revelation was that, Newton's Third Law and the Law of Conservation of Energy were also circumvented and the wisdom of including Electricity and Magnetism under the umbrella of Newtonian Mechanics by our early scientists was put into question.
The 4th revelation was that, an electric generator which accelerated itself under load instead of decelerating itself, which required no mechanical input power increase while generating electricity was not converting mechanical input power to electrical output power and was operating at infinite efficiency.
The 5th revelation was that, an electric generator which could perform Positive Work, increasing its own Kinetic Energy while simultaneously supplying electric power to a load meant that induced magnetic fields are a form of energy which performs work and that this energy is created.
The 6th revelation was that, electric motors which currently purport to convert electrical input power to mechanical output power can now be viewed with this new perspective, as basically just induction heaters which only have the ability to convert input electric energy to heat output energy - when induced magnetic fields are correctly identified as a form of energy and this energy source actually performs the mechanical work in an all electric motors at infinite efficiency according to the Power Rule and the Work-Energy Principle.
Introduction...
What is Electric Vehicle Regenerative Acceleration?
Electric Vehicle Regenerative Acceleration is a new US patented EV Traction Motor innovation that allows electric vehicles to recharge as they drive without the deceleration effects associated with regenerative braking. The innovation accelerates the EV while recharging the vehicles batteries in
Regenerative Acceleration Mode and is the exact opposite of regenerative braking.
How does it do that?
Electric Vehicle Regenerative Acceleration introduces a Load Current Delay into generator coil operation which reverses the electric vehicle regenerative braking paradigm.
How long has it been around?
The original discovery was made in 2007, the backing theory was developed at the University of Ottawa from 2007 – 2010.5 and the innovation has been under development since then. 3 US patents have been granted and 4 more are pending.
Commercially manufactured EV Regenerative Acceleration coils now exist which can deliver in excess of 60 Amps (1000 Watts) of recharge current with vehicle acceleration per coil.
What does the innovation mean for electric vehicles?
Electric vehicles can now begin recharging themselves as they drive starting at 30 km/hr. The more recharge current sent to the EV's batteries the more the EV is accelerated, the more the EV's range is increased and the less plug-in recharging is required.
Thane C. Heins
President and CEO, Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Potential +/- Difference Inc. - Pioneering Electric Vehicle Regenerative Acceleration Technology
& Charging Ahead...
"Nothing is too wonderful to be true"
~ Michael Faraday
"Physics isn't the most important thing. Love is."
~ Richard P. Feynman
The ReGenX Generator allows for EV battery recharging during 100% of the EV operation and even beyond 100% duration, during non-use if a Kinetic Energy Recovery System (KERS) is employed that will allow continued battery recharging after use or at stop lights etc.
Its a free source of energy we know very well man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for the sustenance and well-being since time immemorial. Due to this a lot of energy resources have been exhausted and wasted. Proposal for the utilization of waste energy of foot power with human locomotion is very much relevant and important for highly populated countries like India where the railway station, temples etc., are overcrowded all round the clock .When the flooring is engineered with piezo electric technology, the electrical energy produced by the pressure is captured by floor sensors and converted to an electrical charge by piezo transducers, then stored and used as a power source. And this power source has many applications as in agriculture, home application and street lighting and as energy source for sensors in remote locations.
My name is Thane Christopher Heins. I am a Canadian inventor and I hold three US patents and have at least four more pending.
I have dedicated the past 20 years of my life in the pursuit of developing a viable replacement technology for oil as an energy source and I have worked solely in this pursuit since the horrors of 9/11 and during the wars which followed which I believe were initiated in an effort to control oil and oil rich country's governments.
I have succeeded in my pursuit and our three currently patented technologies are 1) ReGenX Generator, ReGen-X Motor, and 3) Bi-Toroid Transformer.
The primary advantage of our innovations is a scientific discovery we made in 2007 while attempting to physically divert the magnetic fields which are produced inside an electric generator that are responsible for Generator Armature Reaction, otherwise know as regenerative braking in an electric vehicle.
Over 90% of traffic accidents are caused by driver error; the safety potential of self – drive is well understood. When traffic accidents become rare, a motorcycle is as safe as an SUV. Vehicle weights could fall to the point that pod-cars weighing less than the riders are the preferred choice in the city. Since 65% of U.S. vehicle miles travelled (VMT) are urban, the ramifications are enormous.
The system that delivers electricity to private citizens and companies across the country is highly complex. While electricity is an omnipresent and crucial part of our everyday economy, understanding this system and all its associated phenomena is not easy, sometimes even for trained electrical engineers. In such a case, a good analogy often helps to form a better idea of how things work. We have chosen to compare the electrical system with a tandem bicycle to explain a few of its aspects.
Thane C. Heins
CEO Potential +/- Difference Inc.
thaneh@potentialdifference.ca
1.613.898.1131
Potential +/- Difference Inc. - Pioneering Electric Vehicle Regenerative Acceleration Technology &
Charging Ahead...
“The scientists of today think deeply instead of clearly.
One must be sane to think clearly, but one can think deeply and be quite insane.”
~ Nikola Tesla
NEW AREAS OF PHYSICS INQUIRY WITH REGARDS TO THE SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES MADE DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE US Patented ReGenX GENERATOR AND
BI-TOROID TRANSFORMER INVENTIONS
Preface Overview
In 2007 it was discovered that the negative effects associated with Lenz's Law could actually be reversed in electric generator performance and a positive effect could be produced in its place.
Several new scientific revelations have followed as a result of this discovery.
The 1st revelation was that, the “equal and opposite reaction” as dictated by Newton's Third Law in Faraday's Law of Induction via Lenz's Law could now be replaced with an “equal and complementary reaction” via a new law of physics called Heins' Law.
The 2nd revelation revealed that, Lenz's Law had been successfully circumvented and Faraday's Law of Induction now required re-evaluation and rewriting to include this new discovery and a positive sign rather than a negative sign in Faraday's Law.
The 3rd revelation was that, Newton's Third Law and the Law of Conservation of Energy were also circumvented and the wisdom of including Electricity and Magnetism under the umbrella of Newtonian Mechanics by our early scientists was put into question.
The 4th revelation was that, an electric generator which accelerated itself under load instead of decelerating itself, which required no mechanical input power increase while generating electricity was not converting mechanical input power to electrical output power and was operating at infinite efficiency.
The 5th revelation was that, an electric generator which could perform Positive Work, increasing its own Kinetic Energy while simultaneously supplying electric power to a load meant that induced magnetic fields are a form of energy which performs work and that this energy is created.
The 6th revelation was that, electric motors which currently purport to convert electrical input power to mechanical output power can now be viewed with this new perspective, as basically just induction heaters which only have the ability to convert input electric energy to heat output energy - when induced magnetic fields are correctly identified as a form of energy and this energy source actually performs the mechanical work in an all electric motors at infinite efficiency according to the Power Rule and the Work-Energy Principle.
Introduction...
What is Electric Vehicle Regenerative Acceleration?
Electric Vehicle Regenerative Acceleration is a new US patented EV Traction Motor innovation that allows electric vehicles to recharge as they drive without the deceleration effects associated with regenerative braking. The innovation accelerates the EV while recharging the vehicles batteries in
Regenerative Acceleration Mode and is the exact opposite of regenerative braking.
How does it do that?
Electric Vehicle Regenerative Acceleration introduces a Load Current Delay into generator coil operation which reverses the electric vehicle regenerative braking paradigm.
How long has it been around?
The original discovery was made in 2007, the backing theory was developed at the University of Ottawa from 2007 – 2010.5 and the innovation has been under development since then. 3 US patents have been granted and 4 more are pending.
Commercially manufactured EV Regenerative Acceleration coils now exist which can deliver in excess of 60 Amps (1000 Watts) of recharge current with vehicle acceleration per coil.
What does the innovation mean for electric vehicles?
Electric vehicles can now begin recharging themselves as they drive starting at 30 km/hr. The more recharge current sent to the EV's batteries the more the EV is accelerated, the more the EV's range is increased and the less plug-in recharging is required.
Thane C. Heins
President and CEO, Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Potential +/- Difference Inc. - Pioneering Electric Vehicle Regenerative Acceleration Technology
& Charging Ahead...
"Nothing is too wonderful to be true"
~ Michael Faraday
"Physics isn't the most important thing. Love is."
~ Richard P. Feynman
The ReGenX Generator allows for EV battery recharging during 100% of the EV operation and even beyond 100% duration, during non-use if a Kinetic Energy Recovery System (KERS) is employed that will allow continued battery recharging after use or at stop lights etc.
Its a free source of energy we know very well man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for the sustenance and well-being since time immemorial. Due to this a lot of energy resources have been exhausted and wasted. Proposal for the utilization of waste energy of foot power with human locomotion is very much relevant and important for highly populated countries like India where the railway station, temples etc., are overcrowded all round the clock .When the flooring is engineered with piezo electric technology, the electrical energy produced by the pressure is captured by floor sensors and converted to an electrical charge by piezo transducers, then stored and used as a power source. And this power source has many applications as in agriculture, home application and street lighting and as energy source for sensors in remote locations.
My name is Thane Christopher Heins. I am a Canadian inventor and I hold three US patents and have at least four more pending.
I have dedicated the past 20 years of my life in the pursuit of developing a viable replacement technology for oil as an energy source and I have worked solely in this pursuit since the horrors of 9/11 and during the wars which followed which I believe were initiated in an effort to control oil and oil rich country's governments.
I have succeeded in my pursuit and our three currently patented technologies are 1) ReGenX Generator, ReGen-X Motor, and 3) Bi-Toroid Transformer.
The primary advantage of our innovations is a scientific discovery we made in 2007 while attempting to physically divert the magnetic fields which are produced inside an electric generator that are responsible for Generator Armature Reaction, otherwise know as regenerative braking in an electric vehicle.
Over 90% of traffic accidents are caused by driver error; the safety potential of self – drive is well understood. When traffic accidents become rare, a motorcycle is as safe as an SUV. Vehicle weights could fall to the point that pod-cars weighing less than the riders are the preferred choice in the city. Since 65% of U.S. vehicle miles travelled (VMT) are urban, the ramifications are enormous.
The system that delivers electricity to private citizens and companies across the country is highly complex. While electricity is an omnipresent and crucial part of our everyday economy, understanding this system and all its associated phenomena is not easy, sometimes even for trained electrical engineers. In such a case, a good analogy often helps to form a better idea of how things work. We have chosen to compare the electrical system with a tandem bicycle to explain a few of its aspects.
ECE ROLE OF SOLAR FARM IN POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT OF GRID CONNECTED SYSTEMkarann
Role of solar farm in power factor improvement of grid connected system.
introduction
how do solar panels work what is power factor with example
and conclusion.
Introduction:
This document will explain the nature of the ReGenX Generator design and operation.
It will explain how the ReGenX Generator's Load Current Delay is created.
This document will explain why Magnetic Fields are a form of Energy.
And how this energy is created.
And why the Law of Conservation of Energy does not apply in Electromechanics.
This document will explain how and why the ReGenX Generator operates at Infinite Efficiency.
And why all machines operate at 100% efficiency.
And why all electric generators, motors and transformers operate at over 100% efficiency.
This document will explain why the scientific community made a mistake when it allowed Electromagnetics to be incorporated into Newtonian Mechanics.
And how the Newtoinian Mechanics model is inadequate at explaining electric generator performance.
While moving, the vehicles possess some kinetic energy and it is being wasted. This kinetic energy can be utilized to produce power by using a special arrangement called POWER HUMP (SPEED BREAKER
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDUCTION MOTOR STARTERS USING MATLAB SIMULINKIJARIIT
This paper presents a comparison between the Direct-On-Line (D.O.L.), and Soft Starter by using MATLAB Simulink .The purpose of this project is to find out the theoretical and actual characteristics of Induction motor. These three basic starting methods which different the irrespective wiring connection are the most applicable and widely-used starting method in the industrial area due to its economic reasons. This project is done by analyzing the characteristics during the motor starting by using the MATLAB Simulation to capture the waveforms of these events. After the Simulation, the three different starting method are being compared to conclude the most suitable and applicable starting method.
Similar to How does the electricity system function? (20)
A new generation of instruments and tools to monitor buildings performanceLeonardo ENERGY
What is the added value of monitoring the flexibility, comfort, and well-being of a building? How can occupants be better informed about the performance of their building? And how to optimize a building's maintenance?
The slides were presented during a webinar and roundtable with a focus on a new generation of instruments and tools to monitor buildings' performance, and their link with the Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI) for buildings as introduced in the EU's Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD).
Link to the recordings: https://youtu.be/ZCFhmldvRA0
Addressing the Energy Efficiency First Principle in a National Energy and Cli...Leonardo ENERGY
When designing energy and climate policies, EU Member States have to apply the Energy Efficiency First Principle: priority should be given to measures reducing energy consumption before other decarbonization interventions are adopted. This webinar summarizes elements of the energy and climate policy of Cyprus illustrating how national authorities have addressed this principle so far, and outline challenges towards its much more rigorous implementation that is required in the coming years.
Auctions for energy efficiency and the experience of renewablesLeonardo ENERGY
Auctions are an emerging market-based policy instrument to promote energy efficiency that has started to gain traction in the EU and worldwide. This presentation provides an overview and comparison of several energy efficiency auctions and derives conclusions on the effects of design elements based on auction theory and on experiences of renewable energy auctions. We include examples from energy efficiency auctions in Brazil, Canada, Germany, Portugal, Switzerland, Taiwan, UK, and US.
A recording of this presentation can be viewed at:
https://youtu.be/aC0h4cXI9Ug
Energy efficiency first – retrofitting the building stock finalLeonardo ENERGY
Retrofitting the building stock is a challenging undertaking in many respects - including costs. Can it nevertheless qualify as a measure under the Energy Efficiency First principle? Which methods can be applied for the assessment and what are the results in terms of the cost-effectiveness of retrofitting the entire residential building stock? How do the results differ for minimization of energy use, CO2 emissions and costs? And which policy conclusions can be drawn?
This presentation was used during the 18th webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy on February 3, 2022.
A link to the recording: https://youtu.be/4pw_9hpA_64
How auction design affects the financing of renewable energy projects Leonardo ENERGY
Recording available at https://youtu.be/lPT1o735kOk
Renewable energy auctions might affect the financing of renewable energy (RE) projects. This webinar presents the results of the AURES II project exploring this topic. It discusses how auction designs ranging from bid bonds to penalties and remuneration schemes impact financing and discusses creating a low-risk auction support framework.
This presentation discusses the contribution of Energy Efficiency Funds to the financing of energy efficiency in Europe. The analysis is based on the MURE database on energy efficiency policies. As an example, the German Energy Efficiency Fund is described in more detail.
This is the 17th webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy.
Recordings are available on: https://youtu.be/KIewOQCgQWQ
(see updated version of this presentation:
https://www.slideshare.net/sustenergy/energy-efficiency-funds-in-europe-updated)
The Energy Efficiency First Principle is a key pillar of the European Green Deal. A prerequisite for its widespread application is to secure financing for energy efficiency investments.
This presentation discusses the contribution of Energy Efficiency Funds to the financing of energy efficiency in Europe. The analysis is based on the MURE database on energy efficiency policies. As an example, the German Energy Efficiency Fund is described in more detail.
This is the 17th webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy.
Recordings are available on: https://youtu.be/KIewOQCgQWQ
Five actions fit for 55: streamlining energy savings calculationsLeonardo ENERGY
During the first year of the H2020 project streamSAVE, multiple activities were organized to support countries in developing savings estimations under Art.3 and Art.7 of the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED).
A fascinating output of the project so far is the “Guidance on Standardized saving methodologies (energy, CO2 and costs)” for a first round of five so-called Priority Actions. This Guidance will assist EU member states in more accurately calculating savings for a set of new energy efficiency actions.
This webinar presents this Guidance and other project findings to the broader community, including industry and markets.
AGENDA
14:00 Introduction to streamSAVE
(Nele Renders, Project Coordinator)
14:10 Views from the EU Commission and the link with Fit-for-55 (Anne-Katherina Weidenbach, DG ENER)
14:20 The streamSAVE guidance and its platform illustrated (Elisabeth Böck, AEA)
14:55 A view from industry: What is the added value of streamSAVE (standardized) methods in frame of the EED (Conor Molloy, AEMS ECOfleet)
14:55 Country experiences: the added value of standardized methods (Elena Allegrini, ENEA, Italy)
The recordings of the webinar can be found on https://youtu.be/eUht10cUK1o
This webinar analyses energy efficiency trends in the EU for the period 2014-2019 and the impact of COVID-19 in 2020 (based on estimates from Enerdata).
The speakers present the overall trend in total energy supply and in final energy consumption, as well as details by sector, alongside macro-economic data. They will explain the main drivers of the variation in energy consumption since 2014 and determine the impact of energy savings.
Speakers:
Laura Sudries, Senior Energy Efficiency Analyst, Enerdata
Bruno Lapillonne, Scientific Director, Enerdata
The recordings of the presentation (webinar) can be viewed at:
https://youtu.be/8RuK5MroTxk
Energy and mobility poverty: Will the Social Climate Fund be enough to delive...Leonardo ENERGY
Prior to the current soaring energy prices across Europe, the European Commission proposed, as part of the FitFor55 climate and energy package, the EU Social Climate Fund to mitigate the expected social impact of extending the EU ETS to transport and heating.
The report presented in this webinar provides an update of the European Energy Poverty Index, published for the first time in 2019, which shows the combined effect of energy and mobility poverty across Member States. Beyond the regular update of the index, the report provides analysis of the existing EU policy framework related to energy and transport poverty. France is used as a case study given the “yellow vest” movement, which was triggered by the proposed carbon tax on fuels.
Watch the recordings of the webinar:
https://youtu.be/i1Jdd3H05t0
Does the EU Emission Trading Scheme ETS Promote Energy Efficiency?Leonardo ENERGY
This policy brief analyzes the main interacting mechanisms between the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) and the EU Emission Trading Scheme (ETS). It presents a detailed top-down approach, based on the ODYSSEE energy indicators, to identify energy savings from the EU ETS.
The main task consists in isolating those factors that contribute to the change in energy consumption of industrial branches covered by the EU ETS, and the energy transformation sector (mainly the electricity sector).
Speaker:
Wolfgang Eichhammer (Head of the Competence Center Energy Policy and Energy Markets @Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI)
The recordings of this webinar can be watched via:
https://youtu.be/TS6PxIvtaKY
Energy efficiency, structural change and energy savings in the manufacturing ...Leonardo ENERGY
The first part of the presentations presents the energy efficiency improvements in the manufacturing sector since 2000, and the role of structural change between the different branches and energy savings. It will compare the improvements in Denmark and other countries with EU average. This part is based on ODYSSEE data.
The second part of the presentation presents the development in Denmark in more detail, and it will compare the energy efficiency improvement, corrected for structural change, with the reported savings from the Energy Efficiency Obligation Scheme.
Recordings of the live webinar are on https://youtu.be/VVAdw_CS51A
Energy Sufficiency Indicators and Policies (Lea Gynther, Motiva)Leonardo ENERGY
This policy brief looks at questions ‘how to measure energy sufficiency’, ‘which policies and measures can be used to address energy sufficiency’ and ‘how they are used in Europe today’.
Energy sufficiency refers to a situation where everyone has access to the energy services they need, whilst the impacts of the energy system do not exceed environmental limits. The level of ambition needed to address energy sufficiency is higher than in the case of energy efficiency.
This is the 13th edition of the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy, and number 519 in the Leonardo ENERGY series. The recording of the live presentation can be found on https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEAdYbI0wDI&list=PLUFRNkTrB5O_V155aGXfZ4b3R0fvT7sKz
The Super-efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment (SEAD) Initiative Prod...Leonardo ENERGY
The Super-efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment (SEAD) Initiative Product Efficiency Call to Action, by Melanie Slade - IEA and Nicholas Jeffrey - UK BEIS
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
1. www.leonardo-energy.org Electricity System as a Tandem Bicycle
The Electrical System as a Tandem Bicycle
September 2005
by Stefan Fassbinder1
, Bruno De Wachter2
email sfassbinder@kupferinstitut.de
The system that delivers electricity to private citizens and companies across
the country is highly complex. While electricity is an omnipresent and crucial
part of our everyday economy, understanding this system and all its associated
phenomena is not easy, sometimes even for trained electrical engineers. In
such a case, a good analogy often helps to form a better idea of how things
work. We have chosen to compare the electrical system with a tandem bicycle
to explain a few of its aspects.
Of course, no analogy is a 100% perfect fit. The real electrical system and our imaginary
bike system do not match on every count since all characteristics of the electrical system
do not necessarily lend themselves to a translation into this bike system. Certain aspects
of the analogy are not always completely accurate. However the similarities between the
two are close enough to make the more easily visualized bike system of great help in
understanding the more abstract electrical system. And that, of course, is the goal of this
paper.
Acknowledgement
This paper has been developed based largely on ideas presented in a paper published in
April 2002 in IEEE Power Engineering by Prof Lennart S¨oder.
1
Deutsches Kupferinstitut
2
Forte
September 2005 – Page 1 of 10
2. www.leonardo-energy.org Electricity System as a Tandem Bicycle
1 The basic representation of the system
Imagine a tandem bicycle moving at constant speed.
The goal of this whole system is to keep the figures in blue at the back of the bike moving,
even though they are not generating any of the energy that keeps the bike in motion. They
represent the load. There are large loads that consume a lot of electricity, industrial plants
for instance, and smaller loads, like private dwellings.
The pedalling figures in red deliver the energy that keeps the system going. They are the
power stations where electrical energy is generated. Some power stations are larger and
stronger than others and thus supply more power.
The chain connecting all elements of the system is the equivalent of the electrical trans-
mission network. That is the network of high voltage lines used to transport the electrical
energy around the country. The chain must turn the wheels at a constant rate to main-
tain the same velocity. Likewise, the electrical network needs to have a fixed and constant
frequency. The upper part of the chain should be under a constant physical tension, just
as the connection in the electrical transmission network should have a fixed voltage level.
The lower part of the chain is without tension and is the equivalent of the neutral wire in
a transmission network.
The pedalling movement (energy) of the red figures is transmitted to the chain by a gear
or a gear system. This gear is like the transformer between the turning movement of the
turbine in a power station and the electrical high voltage network.
Some of the red figures (= power stations) don’t pedal at full power. They conserve
some of their energy to be able to apply some extra force when needed to hold the
same velocity. For example when another blue figure suddenly jumps onto the bike (=
another load connects to the network), or one of the red figures gets a cramp and has to
stop pedalling (= a power station experiences technical problems and has to shut down),
replacement force is needed to maintain the same velocity.
The tandem bicycle analogy can also be applied to some of the specific characteristics of
the Electrical Power System and its Power Quality as well.
September 2005 – Page 2 of 10
3. www.leonardo-energy.org Electricity System as a Tandem Bicycle
2 Inductive power and its compensation
An inductive load has a sinewave or reoccurring pattern with a normal frequency and
voltage level, but is a bit delayed compared to the main sinewave on the grid. It origi-
nates in electrical motor induction coils, fluorescent lighting ballasts, and certain types of
electrical heating.
Such an inductive load can be represented by a blue figure leaning to one side of the
tandem (see drawing). It has the same weight (= normal load), so it doesn’t influence the
tension on the chain (= voltage level of the grid) nor the speed of the bike (= frequency
of the grid), but without compensation it might cause the bike to fall over.
So a red figure needs to lean in the opposite direction to compensate (= a power station
has to generate inductive power; power with the same delay in the sinewave as the load),
see drawing.
September 2005 – Page 3 of 10
4. www.leonardo-energy.org Electricity System as a Tandem Bicycle
This has the following consequences:
• The compensation has to be immediate and exact or the whole bike (= electrical net-
work) will fall over. This requires a clear understanding among the red figures doing
the peddling (= among power stations) of what must be done, and the capability
to react very quickly.
• A red pedaling figure (= power stations) leaning to the side can’t work as comfort-
ably as before. As a consequence, they will put less force on the pedals (= power
stations will generate less ’active energy’; energy without delay on the sinewave).
So the other red pedallers (= power stations) will need to add some extra force.
• With a blue figure, riding in the back and leaning to one side of the bike and a red
figure leaning to the other, the bike catches more head wind, leading to extra losses.
This is just like the inductive current flowing through the electrical grid; it brings
about extra losses.
To counter these consequences, large inductive loads are in general compensated close to
their source. This is done by a capacitive load, more specifically by a battery of capacitors.
They have a current with a sinewave that has a certain lead time compared to the main
sinewave of the grid. In this way, it compensates for the delay of the inductive load. A
capacitive load can be seen as another blue figure sitting close to the first one but leaning
to the opposite side.
Inductive or capacitive loads are also called reactive loads. A load without a delay or lead
time is called an active load.
September 2005 – Page 4 of 10
5. www.leonardo-energy.org Electricity System as a Tandem Bicycle
3 Harmonic distortion
Imagine a hyperactive blue rider that is constantly bending forward and backwards (see
figure). If he made this movement at the rhythm of the bike, it would do no harm. But
a problem occurs if he moves three or even five times faster. This represents a harmonic
load, a load with a frequency at a multiple of the normal frequency. TV sets, computers,
compact fluorescent lamps, and electrical motors with inverter drives are typical examples
of applications that can cause harmonic currents. Ideally these should be compensated
for by harmonic filters close to the source; otherwise the bike starts to jerk forward and
backwards, resulting in extra energy losses. Such a harmonic filter can be seen as a saddle
mounted on castors that moves forward and backwards and in this way immediately
neutralizes the movement of the hyperactive blue rider.
September 2005 – Page 5 of 10
6. www.leonardo-energy.org Electricity System as a Tandem Bicycle
4 Keeping constant voltage and frequency
One of the red pedallers wears shoes that are too slippery. All of a sudden his foot slips off
the pedal. Suddenly his contribution to the power of the system is lost and the tension on
the chain drops. This needs to be compensated for by the other red pedallers to maintain
the same velocity. The biker who slipped off the pedals has to be careful not to hurt
himself, since the chain and his pedals keep on turning. It is a tricky operation to put his
foot on the pedal and start doing his share of the work again with his colleagues.
This situation can be compared with a voltage dip. Due to a failure in a power station
(= slippery shoes), it might happen that its control system suddenly shuts it down (=
slipping off the pedal), but with the risk of damaging certain pieces of equipment since the
network is more powerful and keeps the same frequency (= the pedal keeps on turning).
The result of this drop out is a sudden voltage dip on the grid (= drop of tension on
the chain) that lasts until the other power stations in the network react by raising their
contribution. If they don’t react fast enough, the frequency (= speed of the bike) might
start dropping. And just like the pedaller who lost his pedal and finds it difficult to put
his foot on the turning pedal again, it is a tricky operation for a power station to reconnect
its generator to the network again, since the frequencies have to match.
A similar voltage dip might happen when a heavy load is suddenly connected to the
network. This is why most of the time heavy loads are not connected all at once but
rather in incremental steps.
When a heavy load is suddenly disconnected, a voltage peak can occur. In such a case,
the power stations have to lower their contribution quickly or the frequency will rise. In
our tandem analogy, the bike will suddenly accelerate if any of the blue riders jump off
the bike and the red pedallers continue to apply put the same force on the pedals. They
have to react quickly and lower their power or the bike will start to accelerate.
September 2005 – Page 6 of 10
7. www.leonardo-energy.org Electricity System as a Tandem Bicycle
5 Three different types of power stations
If a red pedaling figure is directly connected to the chain with one gear, he has to con-
stantly pedal at the right speed and with the right amount of power. This is the case for
large traditional power stations and nuclear power stations which are connected to the
grid by a transformer.
Some bikers can pedal slower however, since their force is transformed to the right speed
by a gear system. That corresponds to power stations that run slower, for instance a
hydro power station whose turbine speed depends upon the flow of the river. In such a
case, the turbine is connected to the generator just as in the case of the tandem bike by a
gear system that transforms the speed. Another option is that the generator turns at the
same speed of the turbine and the right frequency for the grid is reached by a frequency
inverter.
September 2005 – Page 7 of 10
8. www.leonardo-energy.org Electricity System as a Tandem Bicycle
Wind turbines are like small red figures who pedal only when the weather is fine. The
nicer the weather, the faster they pedal. They are of great help sometimes, but you cant
rely on them. This is the same as wind turbines: they only function when the wind speed
is not too slow and not too fast. This is why they need to be backed up by other types of
power stations. These fair weather pedallers are connected to the chain by a belt and a
gear system, allowing them to pedal at varying speed, in the same manner wind turbines
are connected by a gear box or by a frequency inverter to offset the variations in wind
speed.
6 Three different types of loads
Not only do power stations differ a great deal in their characteristics, the loads differ as
well.
A first type of electrical load is a resistance, producing heat or light out of the electrical
energy. Examples are the light bulb or most types of electrical heating systems. It is
the equivalent of a blue rider without pedals, but continuously pulling on the brakes.
Those brakes transform kinetic energy into heat in the same way an resistance transforms
electrical energy into heat.
September 2005 – Page 8 of 10
9. www.leonardo-energy.org Electricity System as a Tandem Bicycle
An electrical motor has a basic principle that is similar to a generator. But instead of
transforming rotating energy into electrical energy, the motor transforms electrical energy
back into rotating energy. In the analogy, this can be represented by a blue rider with
his feet on the turning pedals just like the red figures (= power stations), but instead of
pedalling along, applies his full weight against the rotating movement.
A third type of load is the reactive load, already discussed in point 2. This is the blue
rider without brakes or pedals, leaning to one side. This creates an inductive load with
a certain delay compared to the grid (a fluorescent lamp for example) or the opposite,
a capacitive load with a certain lead compared to the grid (for example a battery of
capacitors).
September 2005 – Page 9 of 10
10. www.leonardo-energy.org Electricity System as a Tandem Bicycle
7 Conclusion
This analogy makes it clear just how complex it is to manage a power system. The power
generated at any given moment must exactly compensate for the load. Maintaining this
fragile equilibrium means controlling several dimensions. The most difficult challenge is
that both the speed of the chain (frequency of the network) and the tension on the chain
(voltage level) must remain steady. And all while different and unexpected disturbances
of the equilibrium might occur.
Since the liberalization of the electricity market in Europe, each country has an indepen-
dent network operator who strives to execute this task.
References
[Soeder, 2002] Lennart Soeder, Explaining Power System Operation to Non-engineers,
IEEE Power Engineering, April 2002
September 2005 – Page 10 of 10