How and where do people live
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Human societies have developed from hunter-gatherers to agrarian to industrial. Hunter-gatherers lived nomadic lifestyles, depending on natural resources for food, shelter, and tools. They lived in small bands of 20-40 people. The development of agriculture led to more sedentary societies that grew crops and raised livestock. This allowed for larger settlements and specialization of labor. The Industrial Revolution saw a shift to manufacturing-based economies with machinery and new technologies. People migrated to cities near resources and transportation.
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RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
How and where do people live
- 1. How and where do people live?
- 2. Environment • Human environment :surroundings have been changed by humans. Example: Settlements and economic activities • Natural environment has not been altered by people. Ex: fishing, farming, forestry, mining • Rural environment: people live on farms and villages. Activities: farming, mining, hunting. • Urban environment: People live in built up areas like town and cities. Activities: Business, retail, banking, services
- 3. Development of Human Society • Human-Hunter Society • Agrarian • Industrial
- 4. • Hunter-Gatherers Adapt to Environments • Early humans were hunter-gatherers • hunted animals, gathered plants for food • moved to a new location when food ran out • Depended on natural environment for shelter • lived in caves and shelters made of rocks, branches, animal skins
- 5. • Lived in small bands of about 20-40 people • - group included several families • - group size reflected how many people could live off food in region • • Men hunted deers and horses, fished • • Food: nuts, seeds, fruit, wild plants, berries; cared for children • In SEA, kill birds, squirrels and monkeys using blowpipes
- 6. • Early Humans on the Move • Hunter-gatherers were nomads—people who moved from place to place • Groups returned to the same places with the changes • of seasons • Houses: Wood and leaves • Tools: spears and arrows • Examples of hunter-gatherer: !Kung bushmen in Kalaihari desert • Efe people in Democratic Republic of Congo
- 8. Agrarian Society • An agrarian (or agricultural) society is one • relying for its subsistence on the cultivation • of crops through the use of ploughs and rearing of livestock. Types of crops: wheat and corn, Livestock: chickens and cows Tools: simple channel for irrigation and animal drawn plough
- 9. • More crops= profit or traded Development: People group together in larger numbers, stayed closer to farms. Examples: usually in places of fertile land at mouth of rivers. Large farming communities at Nile Delta, Eygpt, and Yellow River China Gradual development into towns and cities. Excess crops- become trading centres Many become ancient cities such as Xi ‘an, founded 1100BCE, China Lisbon, 1400 BCE , Portugal
- 10. Industrial society • (a)depends on manufacturing of goods using machinery and technology. Driven by advances in Science and technology • Activities: manufacturing and commercial farming for profit • Raw materials are turned into finished goods for sale. • Ex: paper, cloth, cars • Commercial farming, crops are grown on large farm for sale • Tools: machine such as tractors
- 11. • Early industrial cities found near waterways such as rivers, near source of energy such as coal mines, or near places where raw materials can be obtained easily • (b) Emergence of a number of professional and technical jobs requiring special knowledge and training. • (c) Rapid means of transport and a wide network of communications has been developed.
- 12. • (d) The system of production, distribution and exchange is different. It is based on use of mechanical power. Large scale production of goods and use of new technology in the system of production is the most important feature of an industrial society. • (e) Migration to cities has led to the breakdown of agricultural economy and also the disappearance of the joint family system. A system of nuclear families has emerged.
- 13. • Usually developed near sources of water, energy and raw materials. • Ex: Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK, early industrial city due to coal supply • Today, an important business and commercial centre • Seattle, USA-timber and copper industries • Timber used in construction • Copper used in pipes, wires and coins