Hotspot of Biodiversity
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Jojo T. Obejero is studying for a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering. He is currently in his third year of the program. The document provides his name and academic program details in a concise manner.
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Conservation of biodiversity
Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms on Earth. It exists at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels and took millions of years to accumulate. Species diversity stabilizes ecosystems and increases productivity, as shown in long-term experiments. Loss of species is likened to removing rivets from an airplane, eventually compromising its integrity. Biodiversity conservation has narrow economic, broad ecosystem, and ethical justifications and occurs in situ through protected areas and ex situ through zoos and seed banks. International conventions like the Convention on Biological Diversity promote global cooperation on these efforts.
Conservation of natural_resources (1)
The document discusses the importance of conserving natural resources. It notes that as human populations and consumption increase, proper management of resources is needed to prevent exploitation and ensure availability for future generations. Conservation involves sustainable use of resources to protect the environment and maintain ecological balance. Various Indian traditions also emphasized protecting nature through sacred groves and forests, and conservation continues to be important today.
Biodiversity hotspot, threats & its conservation
This document discusses biodiversity hotspots and threats to biodiversity. It defines biodiversity hotspots as regions that are exceptionally rich in endemic species yet threatened by habitat loss. Two criteria are outlined to qualify as a hotspot: containing at least 1,500 endemic plant species and having lost at least 70% of primary vegetation. 25 global hotspots are listed, including the Eastern Himalayas and Western Ghats in India. Major threats include habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflicts. Conservation approaches of in situ and ex situ are described, along with examples like protected areas, gene banks, and projects like Tiger and Elephant.
Environment studies basics
This document provides definitions and overview information about the environment and environmental studies. It defines environment as the sum of surrounding conditions, including both biotic and abiotic factors, that influence living organisms. Environmental science is described as the interdisciplinary study of how living things interact with each other and their non-living surroundings. The key components of the environment - the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere - are also summarized. The document then discusses the relationship between humans and the environment and the impacts of technology before concluding with summaries of environmental degradation and sustainable development.
management of natural resources
This document discusses natural resources and their classification. It defines natural resources as anything found in nature that can be used by people. Natural resources are divided into renewable and non-renewable categories. Renewable resources like air, water and forests can regenerate, while non-renewable resources like coal and minerals are limited. The document emphasizes the need for conservation and sustainable management of natural resources. It discusses various environmental issues caused by the over-exploitation of resources and ways to address them.
Natural resources and problems
Natural resources are materials found in nature that are valuable to humans. Due to population growth and industrialization, demand for natural resources is increasing while availability is limited, requiring proper management. Key natural resources include forests, water, minerals, food, and land. Forests help regulate climate and provide habitat but are threatened by deforestation. Water resources like rivers face issues like flooding, drought, overuse, and pollution. Mining and dams can negatively impact forests and water. Food production relies on agriculture and risks like modern farming practices, population growth, and land degradation including desertification. Sustainable management of natural resources is needed to meet current and future human needs.
Ecosystem function type teristrial(forest and grassland)
The document discusses ecosystem structure and function, focusing on terrestrial ecosystems like forests and grasslands. An ecosystem consists of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components that interact. Forest ecosystems have trees, shrubs, herbs as producers, and various herbivores, carnivores, and decomposers. Grassland ecosystems are dominated by grasses and herbs as producers, with grazing mammals, insects, and fungi/bacteria as consumers and decomposers. Ecosystems cycle nutrients and energy through trophic levels from producers to decomposers.
Conservation of natural resource
The document discusses the biosphere, natural resources, and air pollution. It defines the biosphere as the regions of earth and atmosphere occupied by living organisms, including the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. It categorizes natural resources as either inexhaustible like air and water or exhaustible renewable resources like forests and non-renewable resources like coal. It then discusses the composition of air and air pollution sources including particulate matter from both natural and human-made sources.
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Conservation of biodiversity
Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms on Earth. It exists at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels and took millions of years to accumulate. Species diversity stabilizes ecosystems and increases productivity, as shown in long-term experiments. Loss of species is likened to removing rivets from an airplane, eventually compromising its integrity. Biodiversity conservation has narrow economic, broad ecosystem, and ethical justifications and occurs in situ through protected areas and ex situ through zoos and seed banks. International conventions like the Convention on Biological Diversity promote global cooperation on these efforts.
Conservation of natural_resources (1)
The document discusses the importance of conserving natural resources. It notes that as human populations and consumption increase, proper management of resources is needed to prevent exploitation and ensure availability for future generations. Conservation involves sustainable use of resources to protect the environment and maintain ecological balance. Various Indian traditions also emphasized protecting nature through sacred groves and forests, and conservation continues to be important today.
Biodiversity hotspot, threats & its conservation
This document discusses biodiversity hotspots and threats to biodiversity. It defines biodiversity hotspots as regions that are exceptionally rich in endemic species yet threatened by habitat loss. Two criteria are outlined to qualify as a hotspot: containing at least 1,500 endemic plant species and having lost at least 70% of primary vegetation. 25 global hotspots are listed, including the Eastern Himalayas and Western Ghats in India. Major threats include habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflicts. Conservation approaches of in situ and ex situ are described, along with examples like protected areas, gene banks, and projects like Tiger and Elephant.
Environment studies basics
This document provides definitions and overview information about the environment and environmental studies. It defines environment as the sum of surrounding conditions, including both biotic and abiotic factors, that influence living organisms. Environmental science is described as the interdisciplinary study of how living things interact with each other and their non-living surroundings. The key components of the environment - the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere - are also summarized. The document then discusses the relationship between humans and the environment and the impacts of technology before concluding with summaries of environmental degradation and sustainable development.
management of natural resources
This document discusses natural resources and their classification. It defines natural resources as anything found in nature that can be used by people. Natural resources are divided into renewable and non-renewable categories. Renewable resources like air, water and forests can regenerate, while non-renewable resources like coal and minerals are limited. The document emphasizes the need for conservation and sustainable management of natural resources. It discusses various environmental issues caused by the over-exploitation of resources and ways to address them.
Natural resources and problems
Natural resources are materials found in nature that are valuable to humans. Due to population growth and industrialization, demand for natural resources is increasing while availability is limited, requiring proper management. Key natural resources include forests, water, minerals, food, and land. Forests help regulate climate and provide habitat but are threatened by deforestation. Water resources like rivers face issues like flooding, drought, overuse, and pollution. Mining and dams can negatively impact forests and water. Food production relies on agriculture and risks like modern farming practices, population growth, and land degradation including desertification. Sustainable management of natural resources is needed to meet current and future human needs.
Ecosystem function type teristrial(forest and grassland)
The document discusses ecosystem structure and function, focusing on terrestrial ecosystems like forests and grasslands. An ecosystem consists of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components that interact. Forest ecosystems have trees, shrubs, herbs as producers, and various herbivores, carnivores, and decomposers. Grassland ecosystems are dominated by grasses and herbs as producers, with grazing mammals, insects, and fungi/bacteria as consumers and decomposers. Ecosystems cycle nutrients and energy through trophic levels from producers to decomposers.
Conservation of natural resource
The document discusses the biosphere, natural resources, and air pollution. It defines the biosphere as the regions of earth and atmosphere occupied by living organisms, including the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. It categorizes natural resources as either inexhaustible like air and water or exhaustible renewable resources like forests and non-renewable resources like coal. It then discusses the composition of air and air pollution sources including particulate matter from both natural and human-made sources.
Ecosystems PowerPoint Presentation
The document summarizes and compares two ecosystems in Puerto Rico: Bosque Seco de Guánica and El Yunque National Forest. It describes the different forest areas within each ecosystem, including the types of trees and canopy layers. It also discusses the differences in rainfall, soil composition, and how each ecosystem has adapted. Finally, it provides details on some of the unique flora and fauna found in each forest and some environmental problems currently facing them.
Major Forest Fires in Last Two Decades....pptx
The document discusses major forest fires that have occurred in the last two decades and their control strategies. It provides details on several large forest fires including the 1998 Florida forest fire, the 2003 California Cedar fire, and the 2016 Uttarakhand forest fire in India. Modern control strategies discussed include the use of aerial fire retardants, evacuation of people, establishing divisions and branches, and developing long-term objectives. The document also covers causes of forest fires, precautions that can be taken, and effects of forest fires.
Conservation of forest
Forest conservation involves maintaining and protecting forested areas through various steps:
1) Massive afforestation projects should plant trees in unused lands to increase forest coverage while preventing overgrazing, fires, and soil erosion.
2) Existing forests must be protected from insects, pests, and pollution through measures like controlled grazing, preventing fires, and reducing environmental contamination.
3) Awareness should be raised about the importance of forests through educational campaigns, celebrating events like Van Mahotsava, and following the guidelines of international environmental organizations.
Climate change and biodiversity
The document discusses the connection between climate change and biodiversity, explaining that climate change is caused by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. It also notes that climate change affects biodiversity through impacts like deforestation, infrastructure development and pollution. The document recommends ways to reduce climate change such as reducing waste, using public transportation, conserving energy and spreading awareness about the issue.
Natural resource management
Natural resources include materials from the environment that are valuable to humans such as forests, water, and minerals. Humans use natural resources through either consumptive use, which reduces the available supply, or non-consumptive use, which does not. Overuse and mismanagement of natural resources can harm the environment through deforestation, water depletion, and depletion of mineral resources. Proper management of natural resources involves legislative protections, sustainable practices, and developing alternative resources.
Tree sapling plantation and protection
This document discusses methods for planting and protecting tree saplings. It recommends selecting tree species based on location, using high-quality saplings from recognized nurseries, and planting during the rainy season. Proper planting methods include digging pits, adding compost, and watering regularly. Young trees require protection from animals, which can be provided through trenches, stone walls, iron guards, wire mesh, or wooden guards. Successful tree growth depends on selection, planting, watering, and protection.
Environmental conservation-and-action
Conservation of the environment is necessary to ensure a clean and healthy environment for future generations. Several actions can be taken to help improve the environment, such as simplifying one's lifestyle to reduce waste, using fewer tree products, and bringing reusable bags for shopping. Recycling is also an effective way to conserve the environment by converting waste materials into new objects and reducing pollution, energy usage, and water contamination from landfilling. The 3 R's of reduce, reuse, and recycle can significantly help environmental conservation through small individual actions that make a large collective impact.
Biodiversity and its conservation
This document discusses biodiversity and its conservation. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. Biodiversity is significant as it provides resources and ecosystem services that are important for human life and economies. The conservation of biodiversity aims to preserve species and habitats and use biological resources sustainably. Approaches to conservation include both in-situ methods within natural habitats like national parks and sanctuaries, and ex-situ methods outside of natural habitats in facilities like seed banks, botanical gardens, and zoos. The document provides details on various in-situ and ex-situ conservation methods and their objectives.
Introduction to environment and environmental studies
“Environmental studies” is the scientific study of our environment and our place in it.
Definition: “Environmental studies” is the study of environmental issues.
It has broader coverage than environmental science and includes social aspects of environment also.
Biodiversity and its Conservation methods
The document provides information about biodiversity and its conservation. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. It notes that biodiversity is being lost due to factors like habitat destruction, overexploitation, pollution, invasive species, and climate change. The document then discusses approaches to conserving biodiversity, including both in-situ conservation methods like protected areas as well as ex-situ conservation methods like seed banks, gene banks, botanical gardens, and zoos. Overall, the document emphasizes the importance of biodiversity for human life and the need to balance development with conservation through sustainable practices and policies.
Forest ecology
This document discusses forest ecology, management, and conservation. Forest ecology is the scientific study of forest ecosystems, including biotic and abiotic components. Forest management involves sustainable practices like afforestation, reforestation, and preventing wildfires. Conservation aims to protect forests for future generations through activities such as afforestation, limiting tree cutting and overgrazing, controlling pests and erosion, reducing pollution, and enforcing laws protecting parks and reserves.
Evergreen forest
Evergreen forests are dominated by cone-bearing trees and shrubs that retain their foliage all year round. These forests thrive in areas with mild, wet winters and warm, dry summers such as the coastal regions of the Mediterranean, western North America, and southeastern Australia. Common evergreen tree species include pine, fir, spruce, redwood, and eucalyptus trees that have adapted to withstand long periods without losing their leaves.
In situ and ex situ conservation
This document discusses plant conservation and biotechnology. It covers various topics related to biodiversity and conservation, including the importance of biodiversity, causes of biodiversity loss, and methods of conservation both in situ and ex situ. For in situ conservation, it describes different types of protected areas in India such as biosphere reserves, national parks, tiger reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries. For ex situ conservation, it discusses various methods like gene sanctuaries, seed banks, field gene banks, and tissue culture storage. The overall document provides an overview of biodiversity conservation approaches and the role of biotechnology in plant conservation.
Environment Essay
Environment or Habitat – the surroundings of the living species. Environment consists of both living and non-living things.
Living things - such as animals, plants, etc and non-living things such as land, soil, water etc.
Effect of deforestation on tribal people
Deforestation negatively impacts tribal peoples in several ways. It destroys their homeland and traditional ways of life by affecting food and water sources. Tribal peoples rely on hunting and do not have modern technologies, so the loss of forests takes away their homes and means of survival without easy adaptation to urban lives. Deforestation also causes tribal peoples to lose their unique cultures, beliefs, knowledge, and abilities to live in harmony with the forest that their ancestors sustained for generations. While tribal peoples are historically effective stewards of the environment, deforestation threatens their rights and roles as natural guardians.
value of biodiversity
Biodiversity provides both direct economic value through consumptive and productive uses as well as indirect social, ethical, and option values. Consumptive use value refers to goods obtained directly from the environment for local survival like fuelwood, while productive use value applies to goods harvested from the environment and sold in markets like timber. Biodiversity also has social value in improving living standards and cultural pride. Additionally, biodiversity has an option value in potentially providing future benefits through undiscovered medical or other uses, as new technologies and demands emerge.
Ch 4 Biodiversity and Its Conservation
Environmental Studies ppt for EST,
Ch. No. 4 Biodiversity and Its Conservation,
By Prof. Kokare A.Y.
Lecturer at Babasaheb phadtare polytechnic, Kalamb-Walchandnagar.
Ecosystem
Ecosystem, Abiotic Component, Biotic component, Food chain, food web, types of ecosystem, energy transfer, pond ecosystem, terestrial ecosystem, producers, consumers, and decomposers, types of food chain.
Values of biodiversity
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, including plants, animals and microorganisms. The document discusses biodiversity at the global, national and local levels. It also outlines several threats to biodiversity such as habitat destruction, pollution, invasive species, overexploitation, and poaching. Conservation efforts aim to protect biodiversity through both in-situ and ex-situ methods.
Conservation of natural resources
1. “What we are doing to the forests of the world is but a mirror reflection of what we are doing to ourselves and to one another.” ― MAHATMA GANDHI ―
2. “Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not every man's greed.” ― Mahatma Gandhi
3. The term “resource” means any thing that we use from our environment to achieve our objective. For example, we require bricks, cement, iron, wood etc. to construct a building. All these items are called the resources for construction of building. A resource can be defined as „any natural or artificial substance, energy or organism, which is used by human being for its welfare. These resources are of two types: Natural Resources Artificial Resources
4. “Nature is not a place to visit. It is home.” ― Gary Snyder
5. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES As the human population is continuously growing the consumption of natural resources is also increasing. With the increasing industrialization and urbanization of the modern human society, the use of all the resources is rising. If they are not properly used and well managed, a serious scarcity will result. Therefore we need to conserve the natural resources. This will also upset the ecological balance. Conservation is the proper management of a natural resource to prevent its exploitation, destruction or degradation. Conservation is the sum total of activities, which can derive benefits from natural resources but at the same time prevent excessive use leading to destruction or degradation.
6. Need for Conservation of Natural Resources We know that nature provides us all our basic needs but we tend to overexploit it. If we go on exploiting the nature, there will be no more resources available in future. There is an urgent need to conserve the nature. Some of the needs are : to maintain ecological balance for supporting life. to preserve different kinds of species (biodiversity). to make the resources available for present and future generation. to ensure the survival of human race.
7. Conservation of Natural Resources and Traditions of India The need for conservation of natural resources was felt by our predecessors and in India, there was a tradition of respecting and preserving the nature and natural resources. Natural resources were conserved in the form of sacred groves/forests, sacred pools and lakes, sacred species etc. In our country the conservation of natural forests is known from the time of Lord Asoka. Sacred forests are forest patches of different dimensions dedicated by the tribal to their deities and ancestral spirits. Cutting down trees, hunting and other human interferences were strictly prohibited in these forests.
8. This practice is wide spread particularly in peninsular, central and eastern India and has resulted in the protection of a large number of plants and animals. Similarly, several water bodies, e.g., Khecheopalri lake in Sikkim was declared sacred by people, thus, protecting aquati
Formulation of aramang baked products enriched with malunggay
The modification of an existing product or the formulation of a new product to fill a newly identified market niche or customer need are both examples of product development. This study generally developed and conducted the formulation of aramang baked products enriched with malunggay conducted by the researchers. Specifically, it answered the acceptability level in terms of taste, texture, flavor, odor, and color also the overall acceptability of enriched aramang baked products. The study used the frequency distribution for evaluators to determine the acceptability of enriched aramang baked products enriched with malunggay. As per sensory evaluation conducted by the researchers, it was proven that aramang baked products enriched with malunggay was acceptable in terms of Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color, and Texture. Based on the results of sensory evaluation of enriched aramang baked products proven that three (3) treatments were all highly acceptable in terms of variable Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color and Textures conducted by the researchers.
Exploring low emissions development opportunities in food systems
Presented by Christopher Martius (CIFOR-ICRAF) at "Side event 60th sessions of the UNFCCC Subsidiary Bodies - Sustainable Bites: Innovating Low Emission Food Systems One Country at a Time" on 13 June 2024
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Ecosystems PowerPoint Presentation
The document summarizes and compares two ecosystems in Puerto Rico: Bosque Seco de Guánica and El Yunque National Forest. It describes the different forest areas within each ecosystem, including the types of trees and canopy layers. It also discusses the differences in rainfall, soil composition, and how each ecosystem has adapted. Finally, it provides details on some of the unique flora and fauna found in each forest and some environmental problems currently facing them.
Major Forest Fires in Last Two Decades....pptx
The document discusses major forest fires that have occurred in the last two decades and their control strategies. It provides details on several large forest fires including the 1998 Florida forest fire, the 2003 California Cedar fire, and the 2016 Uttarakhand forest fire in India. Modern control strategies discussed include the use of aerial fire retardants, evacuation of people, establishing divisions and branches, and developing long-term objectives. The document also covers causes of forest fires, precautions that can be taken, and effects of forest fires.
Conservation of forest
Forest conservation involves maintaining and protecting forested areas through various steps:
1) Massive afforestation projects should plant trees in unused lands to increase forest coverage while preventing overgrazing, fires, and soil erosion.
2) Existing forests must be protected from insects, pests, and pollution through measures like controlled grazing, preventing fires, and reducing environmental contamination.
3) Awareness should be raised about the importance of forests through educational campaigns, celebrating events like Van Mahotsava, and following the guidelines of international environmental organizations.
Climate change and biodiversity
The document discusses the connection between climate change and biodiversity, explaining that climate change is caused by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. It also notes that climate change affects biodiversity through impacts like deforestation, infrastructure development and pollution. The document recommends ways to reduce climate change such as reducing waste, using public transportation, conserving energy and spreading awareness about the issue.
Natural resource management
Natural resources include materials from the environment that are valuable to humans such as forests, water, and minerals. Humans use natural resources through either consumptive use, which reduces the available supply, or non-consumptive use, which does not. Overuse and mismanagement of natural resources can harm the environment through deforestation, water depletion, and depletion of mineral resources. Proper management of natural resources involves legislative protections, sustainable practices, and developing alternative resources.
Tree sapling plantation and protection
This document discusses methods for planting and protecting tree saplings. It recommends selecting tree species based on location, using high-quality saplings from recognized nurseries, and planting during the rainy season. Proper planting methods include digging pits, adding compost, and watering regularly. Young trees require protection from animals, which can be provided through trenches, stone walls, iron guards, wire mesh, or wooden guards. Successful tree growth depends on selection, planting, watering, and protection.
Environmental conservation-and-action
Conservation of the environment is necessary to ensure a clean and healthy environment for future generations. Several actions can be taken to help improve the environment, such as simplifying one's lifestyle to reduce waste, using fewer tree products, and bringing reusable bags for shopping. Recycling is also an effective way to conserve the environment by converting waste materials into new objects and reducing pollution, energy usage, and water contamination from landfilling. The 3 R's of reduce, reuse, and recycle can significantly help environmental conservation through small individual actions that make a large collective impact.
Biodiversity and its conservation
This document discusses biodiversity and its conservation. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. Biodiversity is significant as it provides resources and ecosystem services that are important for human life and economies. The conservation of biodiversity aims to preserve species and habitats and use biological resources sustainably. Approaches to conservation include both in-situ methods within natural habitats like national parks and sanctuaries, and ex-situ methods outside of natural habitats in facilities like seed banks, botanical gardens, and zoos. The document provides details on various in-situ and ex-situ conservation methods and their objectives.
Introduction to environment and environmental studies
“Environmental studies” is the scientific study of our environment and our place in it.
Definition: “Environmental studies” is the study of environmental issues.
It has broader coverage than environmental science and includes social aspects of environment also.
Biodiversity and its Conservation methods
The document provides information about biodiversity and its conservation. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. It notes that biodiversity is being lost due to factors like habitat destruction, overexploitation, pollution, invasive species, and climate change. The document then discusses approaches to conserving biodiversity, including both in-situ conservation methods like protected areas as well as ex-situ conservation methods like seed banks, gene banks, botanical gardens, and zoos. Overall, the document emphasizes the importance of biodiversity for human life and the need to balance development with conservation through sustainable practices and policies.
Forest ecology
This document discusses forest ecology, management, and conservation. Forest ecology is the scientific study of forest ecosystems, including biotic and abiotic components. Forest management involves sustainable practices like afforestation, reforestation, and preventing wildfires. Conservation aims to protect forests for future generations through activities such as afforestation, limiting tree cutting and overgrazing, controlling pests and erosion, reducing pollution, and enforcing laws protecting parks and reserves.
Evergreen forest
Evergreen forests are dominated by cone-bearing trees and shrubs that retain their foliage all year round. These forests thrive in areas with mild, wet winters and warm, dry summers such as the coastal regions of the Mediterranean, western North America, and southeastern Australia. Common evergreen tree species include pine, fir, spruce, redwood, and eucalyptus trees that have adapted to withstand long periods without losing their leaves.
In situ and ex situ conservation
This document discusses plant conservation and biotechnology. It covers various topics related to biodiversity and conservation, including the importance of biodiversity, causes of biodiversity loss, and methods of conservation both in situ and ex situ. For in situ conservation, it describes different types of protected areas in India such as biosphere reserves, national parks, tiger reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries. For ex situ conservation, it discusses various methods like gene sanctuaries, seed banks, field gene banks, and tissue culture storage. The overall document provides an overview of biodiversity conservation approaches and the role of biotechnology in plant conservation.
Environment Essay
Environment or Habitat – the surroundings of the living species. Environment consists of both living and non-living things.
Living things - such as animals, plants, etc and non-living things such as land, soil, water etc.
Effect of deforestation on tribal people
Deforestation negatively impacts tribal peoples in several ways. It destroys their homeland and traditional ways of life by affecting food and water sources. Tribal peoples rely on hunting and do not have modern technologies, so the loss of forests takes away their homes and means of survival without easy adaptation to urban lives. Deforestation also causes tribal peoples to lose their unique cultures, beliefs, knowledge, and abilities to live in harmony with the forest that their ancestors sustained for generations. While tribal peoples are historically effective stewards of the environment, deforestation threatens their rights and roles as natural guardians.
value of biodiversity
Biodiversity provides both direct economic value through consumptive and productive uses as well as indirect social, ethical, and option values. Consumptive use value refers to goods obtained directly from the environment for local survival like fuelwood, while productive use value applies to goods harvested from the environment and sold in markets like timber. Biodiversity also has social value in improving living standards and cultural pride. Additionally, biodiversity has an option value in potentially providing future benefits through undiscovered medical or other uses, as new technologies and demands emerge.
Ch 4 Biodiversity and Its Conservation
Environmental Studies ppt for EST,
Ch. No. 4 Biodiversity and Its Conservation,
By Prof. Kokare A.Y.
Lecturer at Babasaheb phadtare polytechnic, Kalamb-Walchandnagar.
Ecosystem
Ecosystem, Abiotic Component, Biotic component, Food chain, food web, types of ecosystem, energy transfer, pond ecosystem, terestrial ecosystem, producers, consumers, and decomposers, types of food chain.
Values of biodiversity
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, including plants, animals and microorganisms. The document discusses biodiversity at the global, national and local levels. It also outlines several threats to biodiversity such as habitat destruction, pollution, invasive species, overexploitation, and poaching. Conservation efforts aim to protect biodiversity through both in-situ and ex-situ methods.
Conservation of natural resources
1. “What we are doing to the forests of the world is but a mirror reflection of what we are doing to ourselves and to one another.” ― MAHATMA GANDHI ―
2. “Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not every man's greed.” ― Mahatma Gandhi
3. The term “resource” means any thing that we use from our environment to achieve our objective. For example, we require bricks, cement, iron, wood etc. to construct a building. All these items are called the resources for construction of building. A resource can be defined as „any natural or artificial substance, energy or organism, which is used by human being for its welfare. These resources are of two types: Natural Resources Artificial Resources
4. “Nature is not a place to visit. It is home.” ― Gary Snyder
5. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES As the human population is continuously growing the consumption of natural resources is also increasing. With the increasing industrialization and urbanization of the modern human society, the use of all the resources is rising. If they are not properly used and well managed, a serious scarcity will result. Therefore we need to conserve the natural resources. This will also upset the ecological balance. Conservation is the proper management of a natural resource to prevent its exploitation, destruction or degradation. Conservation is the sum total of activities, which can derive benefits from natural resources but at the same time prevent excessive use leading to destruction or degradation.
6. Need for Conservation of Natural Resources We know that nature provides us all our basic needs but we tend to overexploit it. If we go on exploiting the nature, there will be no more resources available in future. There is an urgent need to conserve the nature. Some of the needs are : to maintain ecological balance for supporting life. to preserve different kinds of species (biodiversity). to make the resources available for present and future generation. to ensure the survival of human race.
7. Conservation of Natural Resources and Traditions of India The need for conservation of natural resources was felt by our predecessors and in India, there was a tradition of respecting and preserving the nature and natural resources. Natural resources were conserved in the form of sacred groves/forests, sacred pools and lakes, sacred species etc. In our country the conservation of natural forests is known from the time of Lord Asoka. Sacred forests are forest patches of different dimensions dedicated by the tribal to their deities and ancestral spirits. Cutting down trees, hunting and other human interferences were strictly prohibited in these forests.
8. This practice is wide spread particularly in peninsular, central and eastern India and has resulted in the protection of a large number of plants and animals. Similarly, several water bodies, e.g., Khecheopalri lake in Sikkim was declared sacred by people, thus, protecting aquati
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1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
快速办理(Calabria毕业证书)卡拉布里亚大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Calabria毕业证书)卡拉布里亚大学毕业证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微bwp0011】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Mass Production of Trichogramma sp..pptx
Trichogramma spp. is an efficient egg parasitoids that potentially assist to manage the insect-pests from the field condition by parasiting the host eggs. To mass culture this egg parasitoids effectively, we need to culture another stored grain pest- Rice Meal Moth (Corcyra Cephalonica). After rearing this pest, the eggs of Corcyra will carry the potential Trichogramma spp., which is an Hymenopteran Wasp. The detailed Methodologies of rearing both Corcyra Cephalonica and Trichogramma spp. have described on this ppt.
Republic of Ethiopia EPA (2003) Ambient Environment Standards for Ethiopia.pdf
Republic of Ethiopia EPA (2003) Ambient Environment Standards for Ethiopia.pdf
一比一原版(unuk毕业证书)英国诺丁汉大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(unuk毕业证书)英国诺丁汉大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(unuk毕业证书)英国诺丁汉大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(unuk毕业证书)英国诺丁汉大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(unuk毕业证书)英国诺丁汉大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(unuk毕业证书)英国诺丁汉大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
REPORT-PRESENTATION BY CHIEF SECRETARY, ANDAMAN NICOBAR ADMINISTRATION IN OA ...
Green Tribunal Andaman
学校原版(unuk学位证书)英国牛津布鲁克斯大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(unuk学位证书)英国牛津布鲁克斯大学毕业证硕士文凭》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
一比一原版西澳大学毕业证学历证书如何办理
原版定制【微信:741003700】《西澳大学毕业证学位证成绩单》【微信:741003700】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
Download the Latest OSHA 10 Answers PDF : oyetrade.com
Latest OSHA 10 Test Question and Answers PDF for Construction and General Industry Exam.
Download the full set of 390 MCQ type question and answers - https://www.oyetrade.com/OSHA-10-Answers-2021.php
To Help OSHA 10 trainees to pass their pre-test and post-test we have prepared set of 390 question and answers called OSHA 10 Answers in downloadable PDF format. The OSHA 10 Answers question bank is prepared by our in-house highly experienced safety professionals and trainers. The OSHA 10 Answers document consists of 390 MCQ type question and answers updated for year 2024 exams.
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