This document discusses flooring options for hospitals. It notes that hospital flooring must meet requirements for hygiene, comfort, safety and low maintenance. It then discusses the importance of flooring for infection control in highly populated areas of hospitals. Various flooring types are described, including their pros and cons - such as linoleum, tiles, vinyl, kota stone, epoxy, terrazzo and marble. Department-specific flooring recommendations are provided. Maintenance requirements are outlined for different flooring types. Recent trends in hospital flooring focusing on hygiene, aesthetics and durability are also summarized.

1. FLOORING

2. INTRODUCTION
 Hospital flooring must satisfy numerous
requirements such as- comfort, low
maintenance, infection control, safety.
 Sustainable flooring alternatives are
available to meet these demands and reduce
environmental impacts during manufacturing
and installation.

3. IMPORTANCE
 Hygiene is the first thing in mind when it
comes to hospitals
 Floor is the place where bacteria normally
gathers
 Corridors of hospitals are highly populated
 Infection control is a must
 Considerations : Cleanability, aesthetics,
durability and initial cost

4. BENEFITS
 Can improve employee satisfaction by
reducing staff fatigue, the slip, trip, and the
fall incidents
 Can reduce maintenance
 Visible and attractive
 Reduce environmental impacts during
installation.

5. TYPES OF FLOORING - LINOLEUM
PROS CONS
 Made from renewable
resources
 Hard wearing and durable
 Available in a range of colours
and patterns
 Low allergenic
 Easy to clean - just mop with
soapy water
 Cushioned underfoot - making
it more comfortable that tiles
or concrete
 Lacks warmth
 Can be dented or
scratched by heavy objects
 Hard to repair

6. TILES
PROS CONS
 Available in a wide range
of designs, shapes and
sizes
 Can be used in all areas of
the home
 Durable
 Low maintenance
 Fireproof
 Can be uncomfortable to
walk on
 Can become slippery when
wet

7. VINYL
PROS CONS
 Hardwearing
 Good insulation properties
 Affordable
 Easy to clean - just mop
with soapy water
 Comes in hundreds of
styles
including imitations of other
more expensive flooring
such as timber and tiles
 Lacks warmth
 Can be dented or
scratched by heavy objects
 Hard to repair
 Is not a recyclable material

8. KOTA
PROS
CONS
 Hygienic: Kota, being non-
porous and moisture resistant,
is a hygienic flooring option in
humid regions.
 Cool: Kota reflects heat and
is always cool and
comfortable underfoot.
 Affordable:
Unlike Marble or Granite, Kota
stone is very affordable. In
fact it is the cheapest stone
among other natural stones.
 Non-slippery, water-resistant,
non-porous,
 Flaking: The stone tends to
flake over a period of time.
However, periodic polishing
using polishing wax can
eliminate this phenomenon.
 Lustreless: Kota lacks the
luster of Marble or granite.
 Small sized tiles:
Unlike Marble and Granite, Ko
ta is not available as large
slabs, due to the brittleness of
limestone. The maximum
sizes are around 240 cm x 75
cm.

9. EPOXY FLOORS
PROS CONS
 Shock resistant
 Fire resistant
 Water resistant
 Ensure floor is thoroughly
cleansed before
installation, if not, the whole
process has to be repeated
again
 Impermanent finish : If a
very heavy object is
dropped, small cracks and
chips might occur, if not
treated the cracks can grow
bigger over a period of time

10. TERRAZO
PROS CONS
 Durability: Lasts for a lifetie
if maintained properly
 Maintenance : Sweep the
floor to remove dust
 Density: Water does not
penetrate, therefore no
accumulation of bacteria
 Natural environment : Made
of sand, marble and other
types of stone, can even be
recycled
 Surface of the floor is very
slippery when it is wet
 It doesn’t have any
cushioning, it will be hard to
stand on for an extended
period of time
 It is very expensive
 Only professionals can
install this type of floor

11. MARBLE
PROS CONS
 It is durable
 It is known for its superior,
royal and decorative
purpose
 It is quite pleasant and
comfortable under feet
 Very easy to maintain and
requires occasional
polishing
 It is very expensive
 Very cool under feet in
winter

12. SELECTION OF COLOR
 Exact light sources to be used, including
daylight where applicable, for correct color
selection of flooring
 The effects of different lighting on colour
appearance of flooring can be checked with
professional viewing cabinets that have
different illuminants such as fluorescent or
incandescent filament bulbs.

13. CLASSIFICATION (DALKE.H, 2004)
 Paler Flooring
major trend in flooring
both soft and hard flooring
A pale colour will reflect more light, brightening up any
space
may tend to show the dirt more
 Darker Flooring
 may mask dirt and not need to be cleaned so
often
 may show up lighter dust and debris

14. CONTD…
 Textured Carpet
 Encourages people to wipe their
shoes(benefit of keeping other floor surfaces
cleaner)
 View the sample( especially from some
distance) before the selection of dark colored
textured carpet because of the inclusion of
textured shadow detail and the gradual build
up of particles

15.  Small design flooring
 Small patterns or designs will quickly merge
at a distance, so flooring with a small-detail
design should be examined at a considerable
distance in situ
 Large Area flooring
 patterned carpet in a corridor can produce
“tracks” or dominant lines and gaps in the
design.

16. CONTD…
 Other colors (Dr. Vinod Singh,2011)
 Beige, pink and blue- Enables patients to relax
 Beige and honey limestone tiles- Offer the warm
feeling
 Epoxy flooring- can help create a nurturing and
welcoming environment that promotes staff efficiency,
positive patient outcomes, healing and well-being.
 Beige was found to rank first for walls, floors,
curtains, and furniture, whereas the colors of wood
and grey shared the second rank for floors and
furniture (Schuschke and Christiansen, 1994)

17. BEIGE COLOR…

18. WOOD…

19. DIFFERENT SHADES OF GREY…

20. EPOXY FLOORING…

21. RECENT TRENDS…
 Driving the trend's success is an up-tick in
healthcare facility renovations and new
construction
 Hospital flooring needs to stand up to heavy,
around-the-clock foot traffic but also medical
equipment, carts, beds and more
 It's expected to keep staff, patients and
visitors as safe as possible from slips and
cushion them from injury when falls do
happen

22. RECENT TRENDS CONT….
 the floor's decorative qualities have become
desirable for a “growing number of hospitals
that want to achieve that "homey" feel for
patients and visitors”(09.01.10 by Jeff
Ferenc Senior EditorLatest products respond
to health care trends)
 The result is an array of products, including
rubber, vinyl sheet flooring, polyolefin,
linoleum and terrazzo

23. RECENT TRENDS CONT.…
 There are more flooring options today,
Advances in tufting equipment and
computerized design have led to almost
unlimited design options such as vinyl and
epoxy
 One growing trend is the use of product
collections across different product
categories, such as broadloom, vinyl cushion
tufted textile and tile.
 vinyl can offer a sophisticated, even edgy
look

24. HYGIENE FACTORS
 Wherever patients, staff and visitors interact,
maintaining a safe and hygienic environment
is an on-going challenge.
 Vinyl, ceramic tile, vitrified, epoxy, marble
type of flooring helps in easy cleaning and
helps us meet the challenge

25. HYGIENE FACTORS CONT.…
 For patients with significantly compromised
health, including reduced immune system
and respiratory capacity, and who may be
particularly vulnerable due to their age can
easily get infected when they directly come in
contact with floor
 So the maintenance of floor should also be
low at cost and for such flooring the work
becomes even more easy.

26. HYGIENE FACTORS CONT.…
 flooring can be cleaned without resorting to
strong, caustic chemicals.
 There’s also less need to introduce powerful
cleaning chemicals to your intensive care
environments
 That helps us provide a safe, healthy and
comfortable environment for patients and
healthcare providers, and reduces
maintenance costs by avoiding the need for
coating, waxing, stripping or re-waxing.

27. SUPPLIERS OF HOSPITAL
FLOORING….

28.  Wonderfloor sigma flooring(Vinyl
flooring) : Hospitals/healthcare (
OT/Procedure /Cath lab /ICU/ Post care ),
pathology labs, blood banks, pharmaceutical
productions /sterile / packing area, clean
rooms, food processing industries


29. DEPARTMENT SPECIFIC
FLOORING...

30. INTRODUCTION.…
 Prime elements that drive the hospital floor are
• Coping with the movement of equipment like
wheelchairs, carts, gurneys and X-ray machines on a 24-
hour basis, (Wheel tracking resistance)
• Cleaning and maintenance performance,
• Fire and non-slippery floors
 Durable
 Resistance to contamination
 High indentation resistance
 Chemical & stain resistance
 Resistance to puncturing and impact

31. ENTRANCE AREAS. . .
 First area patients, families and visitors see
 Helps in locating services
 Heaviest foot traffic
 Hence in need of durable and welcoming
floor
 Terrazzo and luxury vinyl tile (LVT) can be
the best option.

32. CONTD…
 Terrazzo is a premium, highly durable option
that requires minimal maintenance and lasts
for decades. It stands up well to rolling loads,
is handicap-friendly and is now available in
largely recyclable materials.
 LVT offers much of the same durability and
even more design versatility.

33. ENTRANCE…

34. CORRIDORS AND CLINICAL AREAS…
 These are the arteries of the hospital.
 Low-density carpeting (Dr. vinay,2011), Rubber and
LVT is the best.
 This helps patients who walk and rolling of
equipments.
 It serves to trap airborne germs, which can later be
vacuumed helps in reducing nosocomical infections
 Time during installation is saved as LVT and rubber
comes in adhesive form.
 Rubber and LVT can come with protective coatings
that resist scratches and scuffs, reducing
maintenance disruptions, labor, water and chemicals

35. CORRIDORS…

36. LOBBY. . .
 Depending on marketing considerations ,
ceramic tiles, porcelain and terrazzo can be
used

37. EMERGENCY AND OPERATING THEATRES. . .
 Emergency and operating rooms must meet the
most strict infection control requirements.
 Consideration:-
 Floor should be impervious to prevent water
ingress and damage to the substrate, creating
an environment for bacteria to hide and grow
 Vinyl is frequently installed (Dr.Vinay,2011)
 This type of product comes in large sheets that
have welded seams for infection control
 Have no joints between the wall and the floor

38. CONTD…
 LVT, sheet and linoleum are great fits
(spectra flooring options)
 They enable the use of heat welding and
flash coving during installation, making it
possible to create a fully aseptic space
 These materials come in constructions that
promote indoor air quality with low emissions
of volatile organic compounds

39. OPERATING THEATRE. . .
Vinyl floor Linoleum floor

40. NURSE’S STATIONS AND TREATMENT AREAS
 Flooring should promote stress reduction,
comfort and 24-7 access with materials that
allow rapid installation and minimize
maintenance.
 Traditional linoleum Vincyl composite
tile
 Turning to LVT, bio-based tile (BBT) and
sheet tile flooring

41. CONTD…
 These acts as protective coatings
 They’ll resist scratches and minimize the
need for waxing, buffing and chemical
cleaning

42. BIO BASED TILE…

43. CAFETERIAS…
 Stain-resistant, easy to clean and slip-
retardant
 Sheet vinyl, LVT and tile can be of best
choice

44. AT A GLANCE...
Department Floor
OPD
Marble / Kotah Stone
Vitrified / Ceramic
ICU
Vinyl (anti- bacterial) Joints, thermo-
sealed self leveling epoxy
OT
Self-levelling jointless epoxy / Vinyl
(anti-bacterial) static dissipative,
joints. thermo sealed
Laboratory
Self-levelling jointless epoxy / Vinyl
(anti-bacterial) joints, thermo sealed /
vitrified jointless
Day Care
Vinyl (anti-bacterial) joints thermo
sealed / Self levelling epoxy

45. MAINTENANCE
 Linoleum flooring : Sweep or vacuum the floor
thoroughly, wash with lightly dampened mop,
allow floor to dry
 Vinyl flooring : Use vacuum cleaner, Use mats in
the door way, If your flooring gets stained really
badly with tar or paint, use acetone or nail polish
remover to get it off, then swab the floor with a
damp mop
 Rubber flooring : Be very careful about sand
particles getting into the grooves. So take the
added precaution of placing a floor mat outside
the room for guests to wipe their feet on.

46.  Tiled flooring : When it comes to glazed ceramic tiles,
sweeping is a better option than vacuum cleaning as
the edge of the vacuum cleaner might land up
scratching the tiles.
 Wiping your tiles once a week with a solution of white
vinegar and water in a ratio of 1:4 will keep them
gleaming
 Stoned flooring : Never use cleaning products that
contain any acid content like lemon juice, vinegar or
ammonia based cleaners
 Acid takes away the lustre of the stone. If the
concentration of acid is very high, the stone could
even get corroded.

47.  Terrazo Flooring :Terrazzo flooring is easy to
maintain as compared to other floorings
 Sweep the floor lightly to remove dirt
 At the time of cleaning, the floor should always be
wet otherwise, the soil remain on the floor
 For removing stubborn soil from the floor, use
electrical scrubbing machine with solution of neutral
cleaner
 Use damp/wet mop to clean the floor

48.  Epoxy : Sweep and mop the floor daily, polish when it
turns dull
 Marble: clean up spills immediately to minimize damage
to your stone
 Use trivets or mats under hot dishes and cookware
 Use place mats under china, ceramics, silver and other
objects that can scratch the stone's surface
 Use a tray for toiletry products in the bathroom to protect
the surface from the damaging chemicals contained in
many toiletry products
 Dust mop marble floor tile regularly
 Use door mats inside and out along with runners and area
rugs on marble floors.

49.  Avoid dragging furniture or other heavy
objects across the floor as it will scratch or
chip the stone slabs
 Remember that stone flooring is porous, so if
by chance something falls on the floor it
better be mopped up quick
 Dust and damp mop and vacuum clean the
floor on a daily basis
 Just be careful not to scratch the floor

50.  For the slip-resistant floors, a small auto
scrubber is needed to agitate the floors
before they are cleaned.

51. Thank u…