2. • CONTENT STANDARD
• The learner demonstrates understanding
of proper land preparation.
• PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
• The learner independently prepares the
land for planting crops based on DA
standard and procedure
3. Objectives
At the end of the lesson the learners will be
able to:
1. Understand and explain the process of
soil formation.
2. Discuss the function of soil and its phases
and explain how these phases affects the
growth and development of plant crops.
3. Appreciate the importance of a living soil
as non renewable resources.
4. Review of the past lesson
• Enumerate the design process in
landscaping. (remembering)
• What are the 12 basic landscaping
principles? (remembering)
• Why it is necessary to put your ideas on
paper? (Hots)
• Discuss the difference between
symmetrical and asymmetrical balance in
landscaping. (Hots)
6. 1. _______________________ is the biologically active and porous medium that
has developed in the uppermost layer of Earth’s crust defined as the loose and
friable material of the earth’s surface for plants to grow.
2. _________________________
_______________________________________ is used to describe the material
used in a container to grow a plant.
3. ________________________ _______________________________texture is
a summation of proportions of sand clay content found in soil.
4. _________________________________ is an atom molecule with a net
electrical charge
5. _______________________ defined as a vertical arrangement of the soil from
the bottom surface downward to where the soil meets the underlying rock. we all
know that the soil is found in layers and those layers are arranged during the
formation of soil.
•
Answer the ff. query by using basic order of operation .e.g. a=1,2=b and so
on.
7. • Answer the ff. query by using basic order of operation .e.g. a=1,2b and so
on.
1. 26-7=, 3x5=, 3x3=,2x6= _- _
2. 3+4=, 26-8=, 3X5=, 12+15-4=, 27 ÷3=,
182÷13=,28÷4=, 56÷8+6=, , 125÷5÷5=, 2X2=, 18-
9=, 1X1=______ _______________
3. 26-7=, 3x5=, 3x3=,2x6= ___________100÷4-5=,
125÷5÷5, 576÷24 X=,11+10=, 26-8=, 125÷5÷5=,
________________
4.3x3=, 3x5=, 182÷13=________________
5. 26-7=, 3x5=, 3x3=,2x6= _______ 36-20= , 26-8=,
3X5=,56÷8-1, 18-9=, 2x6=, 125÷5÷5=,.
8. ANSWER
• 1. Soil- is the biologically active and porous medium that has developed in the
uppermost layer of Earth’s crust.
• 2. Growing media’ is used to describe the material used in a container to grow a
plant.
• 3. Soil texture is a summation of proportions of sand clay content found in soil.
• 4. An ion is an atom molecule with a net electrical charge
• 5. Soil Profile defined as a vertical arrangement of the soil from the bottom surface
downward to where the soil meets the underlying rock. we all know that the soil is
found in layers and those layers are arranged during the formation of soil.
10. Hots Question
• 1) Why are soils important?
• 2) What is soil?
• 3) How is soil formed?
• 4) Why do plants grow in soils?
• 5) What is soil quality?
• 6) What is healthy soil?
• 8) How can we protect soils?
• 9) What is the biggest challenge for soil
scientists today?
• 10) Is soil a renewable resource?
12. Hots Questions
• Based on the video you watched, what
qualifies soil as a nonrenewable resource
that cannot be replaced?
• What can you do with your food waste and
food scraps to help maintain our mineral-
rich soil while also keeping the
environment clean?
• Discuss many reasons why soil is
constantly being depleted.
13. Soil and Growing Media
I. Introduction
1. The function of Soil
Plant anchorage
Provides water to plants
Supplies plant nutrients
15. 2. Four Components of Soil
Four Components of Soil
1. ____ Air
2. ____ Water
3. ____ Minerals
4. ____ Organic Mate
16. 2. Four Components of Soil
Four Components of Soil
1. __25%__ Air
2. _25% Water
3. 45%_ Minerals
4. _5%_ Organic
Mater
17. 3. Three Functional Phases of Soil
Solid phase - Soil particles (clay, sand, silt, etc.)
Gas phase - Provides oxygen
Liquid phase - Supplies water
Field capacity – The soil moisture condition obtained when all
gravitational water is drained after field saturation
Container capacity – Same as field capacity for potted soil used in
greenhouse
18. 3. Three Functional Phases of Soil
Write different phases of soil and the different types of water bound
in soil
1.________________________
2.________________________
3.________________________
4.________________________
5.________________________
30. 4. Soil Texture
Size of individual mineral particles
Varies by presence of sand, silt, clay , loam
Soil Texture Triangle
31.
32.
33. Short Response
. 1. Explain the process of soil formation.
2. Discuss the function of soil and its phases
and explain how these phases affects the
growth and development of plant crops.
3. What makes a living soil as non
renewable resources.
34. Assignment
• What is soil amendments?
• Give example of synthetic or inorganic soil
amendments.
• Discuss and give example of synthetic or
organic soil amendments.
• Discuss the uses of growing media and its
ratio.
35. II. Chemical Properties of Soil
• Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)
– The ability of soil particles to absorb (adsorb)
and store cations (i.e., Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, NH4
+)
– Measured in meq/100 g soil
– Clay particles are high in CEC
• Anion Exchange Capacity (AEC)
– The ability of soil particles to absorb (adsorb)
and store anions (i.e., NO3
-, SO4
2-, Cl-)
– Measured in meq/100 g soil
– Most soils have little or no AEC
1. Chemical Exchange Capacity
37. 2. Soil Reaction (pH)
Soil acidity or alkalinity expressed in pH
pH = log 1/[H+] pH = - log [H+]
where [H+] = hydrogen ion concentration
38. a. Why is Optimum Soil pH Important?
1) Nutrient Availability
Deficiency and toxicity can be avoided
Fe deficiency at high pH
Al toxicity at low pH
2) Microorganism Activity
Needed for decomposition of organic matter (OM)
3) Nitrogen Fixation and Nitrification
39. c. Adjustment of Soil pH
• To raise soil pH
– Ground limestone (CaCO3)
– Dolomitic lime (mixture of CaCO3 + MgCO3)
– Gypsum (CaSO4)
• To lower soil pH
– Sulfur powder (S)
– Aluminum sulfate [Al2(SO4)3]
– Iron Sulfate (FeSO4)
– For solution, use:
• Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4 ------------► 2H+ + SO4
-2)
• Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4 ------------► 3H+ + PO4
-3)
• Nitric Acid (HNO3 ------------► H+ + NO3
-)
40. IV. Synthetic Soils
1. Soil Amendments
a. Inorganic components
Sand: low water-holding, low CEC, heavy, size varies
used as inert medium
Vermiculite: expanded mica mineral
high water-holding, good CEC, high buffering
Perlite: heated, popped volcanic rock (inert)
very light, no CEC, no buffering or nutrient holding
Calcined Clay: baked montmorlillonite clay, aggregate
particles
heavy, durable, high CEC
Pumice: Crushed volcanic rock (inert)
low water-holding, low CEC
41. 1. Soil Amendments
a. Inorganic Components
b. Organic Components
Peatmoss: decomposed (~75%) sphagnum or hypnum
low in pH, high CEC, high water-holding
Crop Residue: straw, rice hull, peanut hull, dry foliage
high in C, add N during decomposting
Coconut Coir: shredded coconut fiber
Some CEC, high water-holding, durable, good
for use in hydroponic culture
Bark or Sawdust: redwood, pine, fir, etc.
phenolic compounds may develop
phytotoxicity, so wait for use until decomposed
42. 2. Using Soil in Growing Media
a. Heavy Texture Soil
Use: 1 part clay loam
2 parts organic matter
2 parts coarse aggregate (amendments)
b. Medium Texture Soil
Use: 1 part silty loam
1 part organic matter
1 part coarse aggregate (amendments)
c. Light Texture Soil
Use: 1 part sandy loam
1 part organic matter
43. 3. Artificial Growing Media
a. The UC Mixes
Mix A: 100% sand + 0% peat
Mix B: 75% sand + 25% peat
Mix C: 50% sand + 50% peat
Mix D: 25% sand + 75% peat
Mix E: 0% sand + 100% peat
- All contain base fertilizers
- Used mainly for nursery crops (more popular in California)
b. Cornell Mixes (Peat-Lite Mix, Soil-less Mix)
Mix A: 1 part sphagnum peat
1 part vermiculite
Mix B: 1 part sphagnum peat
1 part perlite
Foliage Plant Mix:
2 parts sphagnum peat
1 part vermiculite
1 part perlite
- All mixes contain base fertilizers
- Standardized with reproducible results
- Extensively used for greenhouse crops
44. 3. Artificial Mixes (continued)
c. Commercial Mixes
- Modification of the Cornell peat-lite mixes
- Used for mostly greenhouse crops
- Sunchine Mix, Pro-Mix, Metro Mix, etc.
