Homeopathic Doctor Anita Salunke practices in Chembur, Mumbai, India in her homeopathic clinic Mindheal. Find more information about homeopathic treatment at Mindheal. Welcome to safe, sure and effective homeopathic treatment Dimentia
This PPT contains all the important guidelines that are needed to manage a patient of Dementia. It involves diagnosis, psychosocial treatment, non-pharmacological management and pharmacological management. This PPT is prepared from NICE, APA and SIGN guidelines.
The word delirium means “out of one’s furrow” which refers to the dramatic behavior changes that the person may experience. Some have called delirium "brain failure” because it may represent a variety of caused such as heart failure does in cardiac health.
Delirium is an outcome of a general medical condition, head injury and drug intoxication or withdrawal.
This PPT contains all the important guidelines that are needed to manage a patient of Dementia. It involves diagnosis, psychosocial treatment, non-pharmacological management and pharmacological management. This PPT is prepared from NICE, APA and SIGN guidelines.
The word delirium means “out of one’s furrow” which refers to the dramatic behavior changes that the person may experience. Some have called delirium "brain failure” because it may represent a variety of caused such as heart failure does in cardiac health.
Delirium is an outcome of a general medical condition, head injury and drug intoxication or withdrawal.
This slide contains information regarding Dementia. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated. Thank you!
Aging is associated with cognitive decline, and older subjects can have demonstrable cognitive impairment without crossing the threshold for dementia.
This condition has been termed “mild cognitive impairment” (MCI), and these patients have an increased risk of developing dementia, especially Alzheimer disease (AD).
Studies conducted in referral clinics have shown that patients with MCI progress to AD at a rate of 10% to 15% per year, and 80% of these patients have converted to AD after approximately 6 years of follow-up.
The identification and classification of MCI can be a major challenge.
Neurocognitive disorders includes : Delirium and Dementia.
This presentation focuses on causes, risk factors, management and how to prevent its complication
what is dementia and why it is considered only for old age and how it goes to misdiagnose buy the health care professionals and what is infact. in nepal this issues is given low priority in both hospital and public
This slide contains information regarding Childhood Psychiatric Disorders (Mental Retardation and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder). This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated. Thank you!
This slide contains information regarding Dementia. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated. Thank you!
Aging is associated with cognitive decline, and older subjects can have demonstrable cognitive impairment without crossing the threshold for dementia.
This condition has been termed “mild cognitive impairment” (MCI), and these patients have an increased risk of developing dementia, especially Alzheimer disease (AD).
Studies conducted in referral clinics have shown that patients with MCI progress to AD at a rate of 10% to 15% per year, and 80% of these patients have converted to AD after approximately 6 years of follow-up.
The identification and classification of MCI can be a major challenge.
Neurocognitive disorders includes : Delirium and Dementia.
This presentation focuses on causes, risk factors, management and how to prevent its complication
what is dementia and why it is considered only for old age and how it goes to misdiagnose buy the health care professionals and what is infact. in nepal this issues is given low priority in both hospital and public
This slide contains information regarding Childhood Psychiatric Disorders (Mental Retardation and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder). This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated. Thank you!
The psychological approaches and examples are outlined and evaluated. The treatments and therapies for each approach are given and also evaluated. Based on the Third Edition for Psychology AS 'The Complete Companion Student Book' by Mike Cardwell and Cara Flanagan for AQA 'A'
"Molluscum Contagiosum-This disease manifests itself more in children below the age of ten. It usually occurs on the arms, face and legs. It spreads by skin contact and touch. Mindheal homeopathy has effective treatment for molluscum contagiosum."/>
Migraine and its homeopathic treatment in Chembur, Mumbai, IndiaShewta shetty
"Migraine- A migraine is a common type of headache that may occur with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to light. In many people, a throbbing pain is felt only on one side of the head. Mindheal homeopathy detects the exact cause of migraine and provides relief in migraine. "/>
Mental retardation and its homeopathy treatment in Chembur, Mumbai, India Shewta shetty
"Mental Retardation-It is a generalized disorder appearing before adulthood. It is signified by impaired cognitive behavior. It shows deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors. Mindheal homeopathy helps in the behavioral therapy and may provide primary relief from the condition."/>
Malaria and its homeopathy treatment in Chembur, Mumbai, India.Shewta shetty
"Malaria- it is caused by a virus called Plasmodium Vivax. It is caused by the bites of female anopheles mosquito. In the human body the virus multiplies in the liver and then infects the red blood cells. Malaria can be caused due to mosquito bites, blood transfusion or using shared needles. Mindheal homeopathy offers a treatment of malaria."/>
Lichen planus and its homeopathic treatment in Chembur, Mumbai,India.Shewta shetty
"Treatment & remedy for Lichen planus (LP), can be cured with homeopathy without side effects.Personalised online consultancy & treatments provided at our clinic by efficient panel of doctors in our center at mumbai,Bombay,Chembur, India.Contact us."
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Migraine and its homeopathic treatment in Chembur, Mumbai, India Shewta shetty
"Migraine- A migraine is a common type of headache that may occur with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to light. In many people, a throbbing pain is felt only on one side of the head. Mindheal homeopathy detects the exact cause of migraine and provides relief in migraine. "/>
Lichen planus and its homeopathic treatment in Chembur, Mumbai,India.Shewta shetty
"Treatment & remedy for Lichen planus (LP), can be cured with homeopathy without side effects.Personalised online consultancy & treatments provided at our clinic by efficient panel of doctors in our center at mumbai,Bombay,Chembur, India.Contact us."
Effective treatment for piles in Mindheal Homeopathy clinic ,Chembur, Mumbai,...Shewta shetty
"Piles- these are swollen blood vessels in the rectum and anus. Piles are classified as external and internal. Mindheal homeopathy relieves symptoms associated with piles such as pain, bleeding, itching etc."/>
Mental retardation and its homeopathy treatment in Chembur, Mumbai, India Shewta shetty
"Mental Retardation-It is a generalized disorder appearing before adulthood. It is signified by impaired cognitive behavior. It shows deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors. Mindheal homeopathy helps in the behavioral therapy and may provide primary relief from the condition."
Mental retardation and its homeopathy treatment in Chembur, Mumbai, IndiaShewta shetty
"Mental Retardation-It is a generalized disorder appearing before adulthood. It is signified by impaired cognitive behavior. It shows deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors. Mindheal homeopathy helps in the behavioral therapy and may provide primary relief from the condition."/>
Malaria and its homeopathy treatment in Chembur, Mumbai, India.Shewta shetty
"Malaria- it is caused by a virus called Plasmodium Vivax. It is caused by the bites of female anopheles mosquito. In the human body the virus multiplies in the liver and then infects the red blood cells. Malaria can be caused due to mosquito bites, blood transfusion or using shared needles. Mindheal homeopathy offers a treatment of malaria."/>
"Treatment & remedies for coma find effective homeopathy treatment.Personalised online consultancy & treatments provided at our clinic by efficient panel of doctors in our center at mumbai,Bombay,Chembur, India.Contact us."
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Lazy eye and its homeopathy treatment in Chembur, Mumbai, India.Shewta shetty
"Treatment & remedies for lazy eye and its effective homeopathy treatment.Personalised online consultancy & treatments provided at our clinic by efficient panel of doctors in our center at mumbai,Bombay,Chembur, India.Contact us."
Learning disability and its homeopathy treatment in Chembur, Mumbai, India.Shewta shetty
"Treatment & remedies for learning disability find its promising homeopathy treatment.Personalised online consultancy & treatments provided at our clinic by efficient panel of doctors in our center at mumbai,Bombay,Chembur, India.Contact us."
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leucorrhoea and its homeopathy treatment in Chembur, Mumbai, India.Shewta shetty
"Treatment and remedies for leucorrhoea and its effective homeopathy treatment.Personalised online consultancy & treatments provided at our clinic by efficient panel of doctors in our center at mumbai,Bombay,Chembur, India.Contact us."
Effective treatment for constipation in Mindheal Homeopathy clinic ,Chembur,...Shewta shetty
"Personalised online consultancy & treatments provided at our clinic by efficient panel of doctors in our center at mumbai,Bombay,Chembur, India.Contact us."
Effective treatment for ankylosing spondylitis in Mindheal Homeopathy clinic...Shewta shetty
"Ankylosing Spondylitis -Ankylosing spondylitis is Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic disease that involves inflammation of the joints between the spinal bones, and the joints between the spine and pelvis. These joints become swollen and inflamed. Over time, the affected spinal bones join together. If ankylosing spondylitis is diagnosed in time it can be treated by mindheal homeopathy."/>
Effective treatments for complex Regional Pain Syndrome in Chembur,Mumbai,India.Shewta shetty
"Treatment & remedies for Abscess is a localized infection on any part of the body or organ, whereby there is inflammation, swelling, pus formation and painfulness. Find causes, symptoms and homeopathic treatment for abscess.Personalised online consultancy & treatments provided at our clinic by efficient panel of doctors in our center at mumbai,Bombay,Chembur, India.Contact us."/>
Effective treatment for drug addiction in Mindheal Homeopathy clinic ,Chembur...Shewta shetty
"Drug Addiction- drug addiction is characterized by the use of narcotic drugs or alcohol excessively so that when its usage is stopped withdrawal symptoms are manifested in the body. Drug addiction is a complex but treatable condition. It can be treated by proper rehabilitation of the patient along with mindheal therapy."/>
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Pharynx and Clinical Correlations BY Dr.Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Homeopathic Doctor - Dr. Anita Salunke homeopathic clinic for Dimentia
1. Effective treatment & remedies for Dementia at homeopathic Clinic ,Mumbai
Definition
Dementia is progressive deterioration in intellectual function and other
cognitive skills, leading to a decline in the ability to perform activities of daily
living.
Diagnosis is by history and physical examination.
Facts to remember:
• Mild slowing of cognitive processes is normal with aging and, it does not
suggest dementia.
• Dementia is typically preceded by a state of mild cognitive impairment,
which may last for several years.
• In every patient, evaluation for dementia requires a thorough review of
drugs, including OTC drugs.
• Being in a familiar, supportive environment and remaining active helps mild
and moderate cases decline slowly in function.
• Currently used drugs may modestly improve cognitive performance or
temporarily delay cognitive and functional decline due to dementia.
• Treating depression, which is common among patients with dementia, may
improve function and quality of life.
• Providing a source for ongoing education and support is main activity.
• As early in the disorder as possible, decisions about a surrogate to handle
finances and a health care proxy should be made.
Prevalence
The prevalence of dementia doubles every 5 yr after age 60 until about age
90. Dementia affects only 1% of people aged 60 to 64 but 30 to 50% of those
> 85
Cause
Causes are difficult to differentiate because definitions and clinical criteria for
diagnosis of many causes are not exact.
Alzheimer's disease is the most common type in 2/3 of cases of established
dementia. Vascular dementia is probably the next most common type, and
dementia with Lewy bodies may account for many cases.
2. Symptoms of Dementia
The following are some of the symptoms of Dementia:
The history varies depending on the cause of dementia.
• However, typically, intellectual and other cognitive functions decline over 2
to 10 yr.
• Symptoms can be divided into mild (early), moderate and severe (late).
• Personality and behavior changes may develop during any stage.
• Depression affects up to 40% of patients with dementia, usually when
dementia is mild or moderate, and may cause vegetative symptoms (eg,
withdrawal, anorexia, weight loss, insomnia).
• Depression can aggravate disability in dementia; distinguishing between
cause and effect is often difficult.
• Many people who develop dementia lose weight before other symptoms
appear.
• The incidence of seizures increases throughout the course of dementia.
• Psychosis (hallucinations, delusions, or paranoia) occurs in about 25% of
patients with dementia.
Mild dementia: Followings functions can be affected.
• Short-term memory is impaired
• Language functions, especially word finding.
• Aphasia (impaired ability to comprehend or use language)
• Agnosia (impaired ability to identify objects despite intact sensory function)
• Apraxia (impaired ability to perform previously learned motor activities
despite intact motor function) can develop
• Executive function (eg, ability to plan, organize, and sequence) is impaired.
• Apathy is common.
• Progressive difficulty with formerly mastered complex activities (eg, driving)
and moderately complex daily activities (instrumental activities of daily living;
eg, handling finances, preparing meals, housekeeping).
• Less likely to take the initiative.
• Difficulty following directions.
• Emotional fluctuation is common. Patients may be irritable, hostile, and
agitated.
• Although mild dementia may not compromise sociability, family members
may report that patients are not doing uncharacteristic things (eg, a miserly
widower gives thousands of dollars to a questionable charity). Poor judgment
3. is common.
Moderate dementia:
• The ability to perform simple daily activities (basic activities of daily living;
eg, bathing, dressing, toileting) becomes impaired.
• Patients cannot learn new information.
• Normal environmental and social cues for time and place do not register,
• Increasing disorientation.
• Patients remain ambulatory but are at increased risk of falls and accidents
due to confusion and poor judgment.
• Personality changes may progress. Patients may become irritable, anxious,
self-centered, inflexible, or angry more easily, or they may become more
passive, with a flat affect, depression, indecisiveness
• Lack of spontaneity, or general withdrawal from social situations.
• Psychotic symptoms may occur. Significant paranoia (eg, specific, often
persecutory delusions; generalized suspicion) occurs in about 25% of patients.
• The most common delusions are of stealing and that a spouse is unfaithful.
• Loss of self-recognition in mirrors; some patients with this delusion worry
that strangers have entered the home, but others enjoy the "visitor's"
company. • Patients often misidentify other people at this point (eg, thinking
their husband is their father or their daughter is their wife).
• Wandering can be a significant problem, returning to familiar surroundings
is very difficult.
• Patients may become physically aggressive or agitated or act in sexually
inappropriate ways.
• Sleep patterns are often disorganized.
Severe:
• Patients cannot perform the most basic activities (eg, eating, walking) and
become totally dependent on other people.
• Memory for recent and remote events is completely lost.
• Patients may be unable to recognize even close family members.
• The ability to walk is variably affected in different dementias but is usually
lost in the late stages; patients may become unable to move even while in
bed.
• Reflex motor function (eg, ability to swallow) is lost, putting patients at risk
of dehydration, undernutrition, and aspiration (which increases risk of
pneumonia).
4. • The combination of immobility and undernutrition increases risk of pressure
ulcers. Eventually, patients become mute.
• Total functional dependence usually requires that patients be placed in a
nursing home or that similar support be implemented in the home.
• End-stage dementia results in coma and death, usually due to infection
originating in the respiratory tract, skin, or urinary tract.
Diagnosis
For all elderly patients, mental status should be evaluated at each regular
checkup and whenever a change in mental status is suspected.
The Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination is most commonly used.
The patient's appearance should be observed because it may provide clues
(eg, poor hygiene) that confirm poor judgment or difficulty with some daily
activities.
If dementia is diagnosed, the cause of the dementia is identified, and
potentially reversible contributing factors are sought.
Diagnosis can be done by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fourth Edition Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)
Other testing:As per the underlying cause.
Thyroid functions and vitamin B12
Routine use of CBC
Renal function tests
Liver function tests
Electrolyte and albumin measurement
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - for evidence of infection.
Non contrast CT or MRI
Positive emission tomography (PET)
Single-photon emission CT (SPECT)
Homeopathic treatment for Dementia
• Physician should usually disclose the diagnosis to the patient.
• If the patient has difficulty understanding, the physician may talk with
family members first
• Correction of contributing factors: Treatment or elimination of all potentially
reversible contributing factors may substantially improve daily functioning
and quality of life and may delay severe disability and institutionalization. The
5. drug of choice is usually an SSRI
• Environmental measures: The next step is to create an appropriate, safe,
and supportive environment in which patients can function optimally.
• Nursing-home care: Nursing homes should be designed to reinforce
orientation and to be cheerful; they should provide regular low-stress activities
and minimal new stimulation
• Drugs: Eliminating or limiting drugs with CNS activity often improves
function. Sedating and anticholinergic drugs, which tend to worsen dementia,
should be avoided.
• Caregiver support is important factor.
Document Source: http://www.mindheal.org
Mindheal Homeopathy is a leading homeopathic treatment center in Mumbai,
India.