Most of the people are having trouble in switching off their home appliances. Then there is only one thing to say," damn it ....I forgot "
here come the need of home automation using iot
Internet of Things (IoT) conceptualizes the idea of remotely connecting and monitoring real world objects (things) through the Internet [1]. When it comes to our house, this concept can be aptly incorporated to make it smarter, safer and automated. This IoT project focuses on building a smart wireless home security system which sends alerts to the owner by using Internet in case of any trespass and raises an alarm optionally. Besides, the same can also be utilized for home automation by making use of the same set of sensors. The leverage obtained by prefering this system over the similar kinds of existing systems is that the alerts and the status sent by the wifi connected microcontroller managed system can be received by the user on his phone from any distance irrespective of whether his mobile phone is connected to the internet. The microcontroller used in the current prototype is the TI-CC3200 Launchpad board which comes with an embedded micro-controller and an onboard Wi-Fi shield making use of which all the elctrical appliances inside the home can be controlled and managed.
This is the first presentation of my Final Year project done(doing 2015-16) as part of fulfilling my B-Tech degree in CSE from Govt. Engineering College Sreekrishnapuram, Palakkad, Kerala, India.
This was one of my Diploma in Engineering Projects.
It's a Voice controlled Home Automation System which works with the Internet. Which means you can control your home appliances from anywhere.
I did the Presentation for the Home Automation System. I was also one of the core team members who made it happen.
Here are the complete powerpoint slides.
Thank You
Most of the people are having trouble in switching off their home appliances. Then there is only one thing to say," damn it ....I forgot "
here come the need of home automation using iot
Internet of Things (IoT) conceptualizes the idea of remotely connecting and monitoring real world objects (things) through the Internet [1]. When it comes to our house, this concept can be aptly incorporated to make it smarter, safer and automated. This IoT project focuses on building a smart wireless home security system which sends alerts to the owner by using Internet in case of any trespass and raises an alarm optionally. Besides, the same can also be utilized for home automation by making use of the same set of sensors. The leverage obtained by prefering this system over the similar kinds of existing systems is that the alerts and the status sent by the wifi connected microcontroller managed system can be received by the user on his phone from any distance irrespective of whether his mobile phone is connected to the internet. The microcontroller used in the current prototype is the TI-CC3200 Launchpad board which comes with an embedded micro-controller and an onboard Wi-Fi shield making use of which all the elctrical appliances inside the home can be controlled and managed.
This is the first presentation of my Final Year project done(doing 2015-16) as part of fulfilling my B-Tech degree in CSE from Govt. Engineering College Sreekrishnapuram, Palakkad, Kerala, India.
This was one of my Diploma in Engineering Projects.
It's a Voice controlled Home Automation System which works with the Internet. Which means you can control your home appliances from anywhere.
I did the Presentation for the Home Automation System. I was also one of the core team members who made it happen.
Here are the complete powerpoint slides.
Thank You
Extending the current Internet and providing connection, communication, and inter-networking between devices and physical objects, or "Things," is a growing trend that is often referred to as the Internet of Things.
“The technologies and solutions that enable integration of real world data and services into the current information networking technologies are often described under the umbrella term of the Internet of Things (IoT)”
The project titled ’IoT Home Automation System’ is designed and implemented using Arduino, PHP and MySQL. The project aims provide user with an automated means to control the devices in their homes using a web application from anywhere on the planet.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a term used to describe a network of interconnected devices that are able to communicate with each other and share data. These devices can be anything from smart appliances in your home to sensors in a manufacturing plant or even wearable devices like fitness trackers. The applications of IoT are numerous and continue to expand as technology advances. In this article, we'll explore some of the most important and interesting applications of IoT.
Smart Homes and Buildings
One of the most well-known applications of IoT is in smart homes and buildings. IoT devices can be used to control everything from temperature and lighting to security systems and home entertainment systems. Smart home devices can be controlled remotely through smartphones or other devices, and can even be automated based on the user's preferences and routines.
Smart buildings take this concept a step further, with IoT sensors and systems used to optimize energy usage, monitor air quality, and even control elevators and other building systems. These applications can help reduce energy costs, improve safety, and enhance the overall user experience.
Healthcare
IoT has a variety of applications in the healthcare industry, from wearable devices that monitor vital signs to smart pills that track medication usage. IoT sensors can also be used to monitor patients in hospital settings, allowing medical staff to detect changes in a patient's condition more quickly and respond accordingly.
In addition, IoT devices can be used for remote patient monitoring, allowing patients to receive care in their own homes rather than having to travel to a medical facility. This can improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.
Agriculture
IoT sensors and systems are increasingly being used in the agricultural industry to optimize crop yields and reduce waste. These sensors can be used to monitor soil moisture, temperature, and nutrient levels, allowing farmers to make more informed decisions about when and how to water and fertilize their crops.
In addition, IoT systems can be used to track the movement and health of livestock, helping farmers to detect and respond to potential health issues more quickly.
Manufacturing
IoT is also being used in the manufacturing industry to improve efficiency and reduce waste. IoT sensors can be used to monitor equipment and machinery, providing real-time data on performance and identifying potential maintenance issues before they become more serious
The internet of things (IoT) is the internetworking of physical devices, vehicles, buildings and other items—embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data.
Iot: Introduction ,architecture ,application especially engineering ,software,hardware,protocols and challenges
nodered software code for Iot simulation
Extending the current Internet and providing connection, communication, and inter-networking between devices and physical objects, or "Things," is a growing trend that is often referred to as the Internet of Things.
“The technologies and solutions that enable integration of real world data and services into the current information networking technologies are often described under the umbrella term of the Internet of Things (IoT)”
The project titled ’IoT Home Automation System’ is designed and implemented using Arduino, PHP and MySQL. The project aims provide user with an automated means to control the devices in their homes using a web application from anywhere on the planet.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a term used to describe a network of interconnected devices that are able to communicate with each other and share data. These devices can be anything from smart appliances in your home to sensors in a manufacturing plant or even wearable devices like fitness trackers. The applications of IoT are numerous and continue to expand as technology advances. In this article, we'll explore some of the most important and interesting applications of IoT.
Smart Homes and Buildings
One of the most well-known applications of IoT is in smart homes and buildings. IoT devices can be used to control everything from temperature and lighting to security systems and home entertainment systems. Smart home devices can be controlled remotely through smartphones or other devices, and can even be automated based on the user's preferences and routines.
Smart buildings take this concept a step further, with IoT sensors and systems used to optimize energy usage, monitor air quality, and even control elevators and other building systems. These applications can help reduce energy costs, improve safety, and enhance the overall user experience.
Healthcare
IoT has a variety of applications in the healthcare industry, from wearable devices that monitor vital signs to smart pills that track medication usage. IoT sensors can also be used to monitor patients in hospital settings, allowing medical staff to detect changes in a patient's condition more quickly and respond accordingly.
In addition, IoT devices can be used for remote patient monitoring, allowing patients to receive care in their own homes rather than having to travel to a medical facility. This can improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.
Agriculture
IoT sensors and systems are increasingly being used in the agricultural industry to optimize crop yields and reduce waste. These sensors can be used to monitor soil moisture, temperature, and nutrient levels, allowing farmers to make more informed decisions about when and how to water and fertilize their crops.
In addition, IoT systems can be used to track the movement and health of livestock, helping farmers to detect and respond to potential health issues more quickly.
Manufacturing
IoT is also being used in the manufacturing industry to improve efficiency and reduce waste. IoT sensors can be used to monitor equipment and machinery, providing real-time data on performance and identifying potential maintenance issues before they become more serious
The internet of things (IoT) is the internetworking of physical devices, vehicles, buildings and other items—embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data.
Iot: Introduction ,architecture ,application especially engineering ,software,hardware,protocols and challenges
nodered software code for Iot simulation
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
WIRELESS SENSORS INTEGRATION INTO INTERNET OF THINGS AND THE SECURITY PRIMITIVEScsandit
The common vision of smart systems today, is by and large associated with one single concept,
the internet of things (IoT), where the whole physical infrastructure is linked with intelligent
monitoring and communication technologies through the use of wireless sensors. In such an
intelligent vibrant system, sensors are connected to send useful information and control
instructions via distributed sensor networks. Wireless sensors have an easy deployment and
better flexibility of devices contrary to wired setup. With the rapid technological development of
sensors, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) will become the key technology for IoT and an
invaluable resource for realizing the vision of Internet of things (IoT) paradigm. It is also
important to consider whether the sensors of a WSN should be completely integrated into IoT or
not. New security challenges arise when heterogeneous sensors are integrated into the IoT. Security needs to be considered at a global perspective, not just at a local scale. This paper gives an overview of sensor integration into IoT, some major security challenges and also a
number of security primitives that can be taken to protect their data over the internet.
SECURITY& PRIVACY THREATS, ATTACKS AND COUNTERMEASURES IN INTERNET OF THINGSIJNSA Journal
The idea to connect everything to anything and at any point of time is what vaguely defines the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT is not only about providing connectivity but also facilitating interaction among these connected things. Though the term IoT was introduced in 1999 but has drawn significant attention during the past few years, the pace at which new devices are being integrated into the system will profoundly impact the world in a good way but also poses some severe queries about security and privacy. IoT in its current form is susceptible to a multitudinous set of attacks. One of the most significant concerns of IoT is to provide security assurance for the data exchange because data is vulnerable to some attacks by the attackers at each layer of IoT. The IoT has a layered structure where each layer provides a service. The security needs vary from layer to layer as each layer serves a different purpose. This paper aims to analyze the various security and privacy threats related to IoT. Some attacks have been discussed along with some existing and proposed countermeasures.
SECURITY& PRIVACY THREATS, ATTACKS AND COUNTERMEASURES IN INTERNET OF THINGSIJNSA Journal
The idea to connect everything to anything and at any point of time is what vaguely defines the concept of
the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT is not only about providing connectivity but also facilitating
interaction among these connected things. Though the term IoT was introduced in 1999 but has drawn
significant attention during the past few years, the pace at which new devices are being integrated into the
system will profoundly impact the world in a good way but also poses some severe queries about security
and privacy. IoT in its current form is susceptible to a multitudinous set of attacks. One of the most
significant concerns of IoT is to provide security assurance for the data exchange because data is
vulnerable to some attacks by the attackers at each layer of IoT. The IoT has a layered structure where
each layer provides a service. The security needs vary from layer to layer as each layer serves a different
purpose. This paper aims to analyze the various security and privacy threats related to IoT. Some attacks
have been discussed along with some existing and proposed countermeasures.
Societal Change and Transformation by Internet of Things (IoT)CSCJournals
IoT has received much attention from scientists, industry and government all over the world for its potential in changing modern day living. IoT is envisioned as billions of sensors connected to the internet through wireless and other communication technologies. The sensors would generate large amount of data which needs to be analyzed, interpreted and utilized. Sensor will be context aware capturing device that enable modeling, interpreting and storing of sensor data which is linked to appropriate context variable dynamically. Building or home automation, social smart communication for enhancement of quality of life, that could be considered as one of the application of IoT where the sensors, actuators and controllers can be connected to internet and controlled. This paper introduces the concept of application for internet of things and with the discussion of social and governance issues that arise as the future vision of internet of things.
This paper addresses the internet of things (IoT) as the main enabling factor of promising paradigm for integration and comprehensive of several technologies for communication solution, Identification and integrating for tracking of technologies as wireless sector and actuators. This offers the capability to measure for understanding environment indicators
This report is prepared for the major project submission for EC Engineering, This project deals with the development of Home Monitoring System using Internet of Things.
This is first detailed report submitted ever with whole content over Internet of Things based Home Automation system. Help of many journals have been taken and those references have been acknowledged at the end of the report file.
WIRELESS SENSORS INTEGRATION INTO INTERNET OF THINGS AND THE SECURITY PRIMITIVESIJCNCJournal
The common vision of smart systems today, is by and large associated with one single concept, the internet of things (IoT), where the whole physical infrastructure is linked with intelligent monitoring and communication technologies through the use of wireless sensors. In such an intelligent vibrant system, sensors are connected to send useful information and control instructions via distributed sensor networks. Wireless sensors have an easy deployment and better flexibility of devices contrary to wired setup. With the rapid technological development of sensors, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) will become the key technology for IoT and an invaluable resource for realizing the vision of Internet of things (IoT) paradigm.
It is also important to consider whether the sensors of a WSN should be completely integrated into IoT or not. New security challenges arise when heterogeneous sensors are integrated into the IoT. Security needs to be considered at a global perspective, not just at a local scale. This paper gives an overview of sensor integration into IoT, some major security challenges and also a number of security primitives that can be taken to protect their data over the internet.
"Trans Failsafe Prog" on your BMW X5 indicates potential transmission issues requiring immediate action. This safety feature activates in response to abnormalities like low fluid levels, leaks, faulty sensors, electrical or mechanical failures, and overheating.
What Does the PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual Message Mean for You...Autohaus Service and Sales
Learn what "PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual" means for your Mercedes-Benz. This message indicates a malfunction in the parking assistance system, potentially due to sensor issues or electrical faults. Prompt attention is crucial to ensure safety and functionality. Follow steps outlined for diagnosis and repair in the owner's manual.
Comprehensive program for Agricultural Finance, the Automotive Sector, and Empowerment . We will define the full scope and provide a detailed two-week plan for identifying strategic partners in each area within Limpopo, including target areas.:
1. Agricultural : Supporting Primary and Secondary Agriculture
• Scope: Provide support solutions to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Tzaneen, Thohoyandou, Makhado, and Giyani.
2. Automotive Sector: Partnerships with Mechanics and Panel Beater Shops
• Scope: Develop collaborations with automotive service providers to improve service quality and business operations.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Lephalale, Mokopane, Phalaborwa, and Bela-Bela.
3. Empowerment : Focusing on Women Empowerment
• Scope: Provide business support support and training to women-owned businesses, promoting economic inclusion.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Thohoyandou, Musina, Burgersfort, and Louis Trichardt.
We will also prioritize Industrial Economic Zone areas and their priorities.
Sign up on https://profilesmes.online/welcome/
To be eligible:
1. You must have a registered business and operate in Limpopo
2. Generate revenue
3. Sectors : Agriculture ( primary and secondary) and Automative
Women and Youth are encouraged to apply even if you don't fall in those sectors.
Fleet management these days is next to impossible without connected vehicle solutions. Why? Well, fleet trackers and accompanying connected vehicle management solutions tend to offer quite a few hard-to-ignore benefits to fleet managers and businesses alike. Let’s check them out!
Why Is Your BMW X3 Hood Not Responding To Release CommandsDart Auto
Experiencing difficulty opening your BMW X3's hood? This guide explores potential issues like mechanical obstruction, hood release mechanism failure, electrical problems, and emergency release malfunctions. Troubleshooting tips include basic checks, clearing obstructions, applying pressure, and using the emergency release.
In this presentation, we have discussed a very important feature of BMW X5 cars… the Comfort Access. Things that can significantly limit its functionality. And things that you can try to restore the functionality of such a convenient feature of your vehicle.
Things to remember while upgrading the brakes of your carjennifermiller8137
Upgrading the brakes of your car? Keep these things in mind before doing so. Additionally, start using an OBD 2 GPS tracker so that you never miss a vehicle maintenance appointment. On top of this, a car GPS tracker will also let you master good driving habits that will let you increase the operational life of your car’s brakes.
Core technology of Hyundai Motor Group's EV platform 'E-GMP'Hyundai Motor Group
What’s the force behind Hyundai Motor Group's EV performance and quality?
Maximized driving performance and quick charging time through high-density battery pack and fast charging technology and applicable to various vehicle types!
Discover more about Hyundai Motor Group’s EV platform ‘E-GMP’!
What Exactly Is The Common Rail Direct Injection System & How Does It WorkMotor Cars International
Learn about Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) - the revolutionary technology that has made diesel engines more efficient. Explore its workings, advantages like enhanced fuel efficiency and increased power output, along with drawbacks such as complexity and higher initial cost. Compare CRDi with traditional diesel engines and discover why it's the preferred choice for modern engines.
Ever been troubled by the blinking sign and didn’t know what to do?
Here’s a handy guide to dashboard symbols so that you’ll never be confused again!
Save them for later and save the trouble!
𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
Over the 10 years, we have gained a strong foothold in the market due to our range's high quality, competitive prices, and time-lined delivery schedules.
Symptoms like intermittent starting and key recognition errors signal potential problems with your Mercedes’ EIS. Use diagnostic steps like error code checks and spare key tests. Professional diagnosis and solutions like EIS replacement ensure safe driving. Consult a qualified technician for accurate diagnosis and repair.
1. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Applications, Special Edition
www.ijcea.com ISSN 2321-3469
Shweta Singh, Kishore Kumar Ray 1
HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF
THINGS
Shweta Singh1
, Kishore Kumar Ray2
1,2
Rvs College of Engineering and Technology,Jamshedpur
ABSTRACT:
Internet of things is a growing network of everyday object-from industrial machine to
consumer home appliances that can share information and complete tasks while you are
busy with other activities. The IoT aims to unify everything in our world under a common
infrastructure, giving us not only control of things around us, but also keeping us
informed of the state of the things.
Home automation with the proliferation of IoT is becoming a reality now, and a variety of
players like, Apple, Amazon, Google, Samsung, are all converging into this space to
provide the platform and solutions for smart homes. In Light of this, present study
addresses IoT concepts through systematic review of scholarly research papers, corporate
white papers, professional discussions with experts and online databases. The main
objective of this paper is to provide an overview of Internet of Things, architectures, and
vital technologies and their usages in our daily life.
Keywords: IOT,state,smart homes, common infrastructure.
[1]INTRODUCTION:
The internet of things can be described as the technology in which the actual physical
entities (electronic devices) with data sensing, processing & self adoption capacity can be
used to interact with other such device and process that data to take an intelligent decision
which will prove useful for our daily day to day life .In the paper [1] IOT is defined As an
environment in which objects (devices) are given unique identifiers and the ability to
transfer data over a network without having human-to-human or human-to-computer
interaction.
As per the paper [2] the IOT is being formed from two words internet and things which
combine means any object or person which can be distinguishable by the real world can be
connected to global system of interconnected computer networks and governs by standard
protocol.
They defined IOT as
“An open and comprehensive network of intelligent objects that have the capacity to auto-
organize, share information, data and resources, reacting and acting in face of situations and
changes in the environment”
The internet of things is a new era of intelligence computing and it is providing a privilege
to communicate around the world. The objective of IOT is anything, anyone, anytime,
anyplace, anyservice and anynetwor
2. HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS
Shweta Singh, Kishore Kumar Ray 2
Figure:1. Objective of IOT
[2] HOME AUTOMATION USING IOT AND ITS APPLICATION
Home automation or Smart Homes can be described as introduction of technology within
the home environment to provide convenience, comfort, security and energy efficiency to its
occupants [15]. Adding intelligence to home environment can provide increased quality of
life. With the introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT), the research and implementation
of home automation are getting more popular. Presently many researches have done that
provide many home automation facilities with the proliferation of IOT.
3. HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS
Shweta Singh, Kishore Kumar Ray 3
Figure: 2 Applications of IOT
Light and Devices: The user can check the status of the outside light and turn on and off the
light without the need to get out of bed. These devices are also benefitting users with limited
mobility that may have a difficult time getting to or even reaching their light switch.
Webcam Surveillance: A webcam is a video camera that feeds or streams its image in real
time to or through a computer to computer network. When "captured" by the computer, the
video stream may be saved, viewed or sent on to other networks via systems such as the
internet, and email as an attachment.
Magnetic Door Sensors: This Magnetic Door Sensor is essentially are switched, encased in
a plastic shell. Normally the reed is open (no connection between the two wires). The other
half is a magnet. When the magnet is less than 13mm (0.5") away, the reed switch closes.
They are often used to detect when a door is open or close.
[3] THE IOT DIFFERENT SERVICES AND TECHNOLOGIES MEANINGS FOR
EVERYONE
Home automate
Email -------
Password-----
login
Home automate
Light and devices
Door sensor
Camera surveiliance
Home automate
light - on off
Doors - open close
Camera - Display
4. HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS
Shweta Singh, Kishore Kumar Ray 4
Figure:3. Application of IOT
[4] IOT ELEMENTS
There are mainly three components of IOT a) Hardware - made up of sensors, actuators and
embedded communication hardware b) Middleware - on demand storage and computing
tools for data analytics and c) Presentation - novel easy to understand visualization and
interpretation tools which can be widely accessed on different platforms and which can be
designed for different applications[6]. In this section, we discuss a few enabling
technologies in these categories which will make up the three components stated above.
4.1 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
RFID technology is a major breakthrough in the embedded communication paradigm which
enables design of microchips for wireless data communication. They help in automatic
identification of anything they are attached to acting as an electronic barcode [15,16]. The
passive RFID tags are not battery powered and they use the power of the reader‘s
interrogation signal to communicate the ID to the RFID reader. This has resulted in many
applications particularly in retail and supply chain management. The applications can be
found in transportation (replacement of tickets, registration stickers) and access control
applications as well. The passive tags are currently being used in many bank cards and road
toll tags which is among the first global deployments. Active RFID readers have their own
battery supply and can instantiate the communication
5. HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS
Shweta Singh, Kishore Kumar Ray 5
4.2 Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
A WSN is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using
sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature,
sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different locations (Wikipedia). Formed
by hundreds or thousands of notes that communicate with each other and pass data along
from one to another. A wireless sensor network is an important element in IoT paradigm.
Sensor nodes may not have global ID because of the large amount of overhead and large
number of sensors. WSN based on IoT has received remarkable attention in many areas,
such as military, homeland security, healthcare, precision agriculture monitoring,
manufacturing, habitat monitoring, forest fire and flood detection and so on [16]. Sensors
mounted to a patient’s body are monitoring the responses to the medication, so that doctors
can measure the effects of the medicines [17].
4.3Addressing schemes
The ability to uniquely identify Things is critical for the success of IoT. This will not only
allow us to uniquely identify billions of devices but also to control remote devices through
the Internet. The few most critical features of creating a unique address are: uniqueness,
reliability, persistence and scalability [11].
Every element that is already connected and those that are going to be connected must be
identified by their unique identification, location and functionalities. The current IPv4 may
support to an extent where a group of cohabiting sensor devices can be identified
geographically, but not individually. The Internet Mobility attributes in the IPV6 may
alleviate some of the device identification problems; however, the heterogeneous nature of
wireless nodes, variable data types, concurrent operations and confluence of data from
devices exacerbates the problem further [14].
Persistent network functioning to channel the data traffic ubiquitously and relentlessly is
another aspect of IoT. Although, the TCP/IP takes care of this mechanism by routing in a
more reliable and efficient way, from source to destination, the IoT faces a bottleneck at the
interface between the gateway and wireless sensor devices. Furthermore, the scalability of
the device address of the existing network must be sustainable. The addition of networks
and devices must not hamper the performance of the network, the functioning of the
devices, the reliability of the data over the network or the effective use of the devices from
the user interface [12].
To address these issues, the Uniform Resource Name (URN) system is considered
fundamental for the development of IoT. URN creates replicas of the resources that can be
accessed through the URL. With large amounts of spatial data being gathered, it is often
quite important to take advantage of the benefits of metadata for transferring the information
from a database to the user via the Internet [12]. IPv6 also gives a very good option to
access the resources uniquely and remotely. Another critical development in addressing is
the development of a light-weight IPv6 that will enable addressing home appliances
uniquely.
[5] ITU Architecture
According to the recommendations of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU),
the network, Architecture Internet of Things consists of
(a) The Sensing Layer
(b) The Access Layer
6. HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS
Shweta Singh, Kishore Kumar Ray 6
(c) The Network Layer
(d) The Middleware Layer
(e) The Application Layers
These are like the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model in network and data
communication.
[6] According to PAUL FREMANTLECO-FOUNDER of WSO2
The reference architecture for the internet of things consists of a set of components. Layers
can be realized by means of specific technologies, and we will discuss options for realizing
each component.
There are also some cross-cutting/vertical layers such as access/identity management
The layers are
• Client/external communications - Web/Portal, Dashboard, APIs
• Event processing and analytics (including data storage)
• Aggregation/bus layer – ESB and message broker
• Relevant transports - MQTT/HTTP/XMPP/CoAP/AMQP, etc.
• Devices
The cross-cutting layers are
• Device manager
• HTTP/HTTPS (and restful approaches on those)
• MQTT 3.1/3.1.1
• Constrained application protocol (CoAP)
6.1 THE DEVICE LAYER
Aggregation /bus layer ESB and message broker
DEVICES
Event processing and analytics
Device
manager
Communications
MQTT/HTTP
API Management
dashboard
Web/portal
Identity
and
access
management
7. HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS
Shweta Singh, Kishore Kumar Ray 7
The bottom layer of the architecture is the device layer. Devices can be of various types, but
in order to be considered as IoT devices, they must have some communications that either
indirectly or directly attaches to the Internet.
6.2 THE COMMUNICATIONS LAYER
The communication layer supports the connectivity of the devices. There are multiple
potential protocols for communication between the devices and the cloud. The most well
known three potential protocols are
Figure: 4. Reference Architecture for IOT
6.3 THE AGGREGATION/BUS LAYER
An important layer of the architecture is the layer that aggregates and brokers
communications. This is an important layer for three reasons:
1. The ability to support an HTTP server and/or an MQTT broker to talk to the devices
2. The ability to aggregate and combine communications from different devices and to route
communications to a specific device (possibly via a gateway)
3.The ability to bridge and transform between different protocols, e.g. to offer HTTP based
APIs that are mediated into an MQTT message going to the device.
The aggregation/bus layer provides these capabilities as well as adapting into legacy
protocols. The bus layer may also provide some simple correlation and mapping from
different correlation models (e.g. mapping a device ID into an owner’s ID or vice-versa).
6.4 THE EVENT PROCESSING AND ANALYTICS LAYER
This layer takes the events from the bus and provides the ability to process and act upon
these events. A core capability here is the requirement to store the data into a database. This
may happen in three forms. The traditional model here would be to write a server side
application, e.g. this could be a JAX-RS application backed by a database. However, there
are many approaches where we can support more agile approaches. The first of these is to
use a big data analytics platform. This is a cloud-scalable platform that supports
technologies such as Apache Hadoop to provide highly scalable map reduce analytics on the
data coming from the devices. The second approach is to support complex event processing
to initiate near real-time activities and actions based on data from the devices and from the
rest of the system.
6.5 DEVICE MANAGEMENT
Device management (DM) is handled by two components. A server-side system (the
devicemanager) communicates with devices via various protocols and provides both
individualand bulk control of devices. It also remotely manages software and applications
deployed on the device. It can lock and/or wipe the device if necessary. The device manager
worksin conjunction with the device management agents. There are multiple different agents
for different platforms and device types.
[7] Conclusion: The Internet of Things involves an increasing number of smart
interconnected devices and sensors (e.g. cameras, biometric and medical sensors) that are
often non-intrusive, transparent and invisible.IoT has been bringing new set of technological
changes in our daily lives, which in turn helping us to make our life simpler and more
comfortable. Though IoT has abundant benefits, there are some flaws in the IoT architecture
8. HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS
Shweta Singh, Kishore Kumar Ray 8
and its implementation. So the main observation of the paper is that IoT architecture will
probably best be described by a reference model than a single architecture and that there
will be many different as yet unknown applications/services that will connect to the IoT
applies also to object resolution mechanisms. IoT applications rely on a communication
infrastructure for exchanging information so it is important from a public policy point of
view to ensure that IoT applications, which include healthcare, energy management,
transportation, or any other innovative applications, will benefit from a fair access to this
infrastructure.
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Shweta Singh, Kishore Kumar Ray 9
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[12] http://www.infoq.com/articles/internet-of-things-reference-architecture
[13] http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X13000241
[14] https://standards.ieee.org/develop/wg/IoT_Architecture.html
[15] http://wso2.com/iot
[16] Internet of Things: Ubiquitous Home Control and Monitoring System using Android
based Smart Phone at International Journal of Internet of Things 2013
[17] White Paper What the Internet of Things (IoT) Needs to Become a Reality
Authors details:
NAME- shweta singh
Lecturer ,RVS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
EMAIL-sweta935@gmal.com
Phone no-08986776094