This document discusses a research paper on home automation systems using the Internet of Things (IoT). It begins with an introduction to IoT, defining it as a network of everyday objects that can share information and complete tasks. It then discusses how IoT is enabling home automation through technologies like smart lights, door sensors, and webcams. The paper also outlines the key components of an IoT system, including hardware, middleware, and interfaces. It describes several enabling technologies used in IoT, such as RFID, wireless sensor networks, and addressing schemes. Finally, it discusses reference architectures for IoT from standards bodies like ITU and WSO2.

1. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Applications, Special Edition
www.ijcea.com ISSN 2321-3469
Shweta Singh, Kishore Kumar Ray 1
HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF
THINGS
Shweta Singh1
, Kishore Kumar Ray2
1,2
Rvs College of Engineering and Technology,Jamshedpur
ABSTRACT:
Internet of things is a growing network of everyday object-from industrial machine to
consumer home appliances that can share information and complete tasks while you are
busy with other activities. The IoT aims to unify everything in our world under a common
infrastructure, giving us not only control of things around us, but also keeping us
informed of the state of the things.
Home automation with the proliferation of IoT is becoming a reality now, and a variety of
players like, Apple, Amazon, Google, Samsung, are all converging into this space to
provide the platform and solutions for smart homes. In Light of this, present study
addresses IoT concepts through systematic review of scholarly research papers, corporate
white papers, professional discussions with experts and online databases. The main
objective of this paper is to provide an overview of Internet of Things, architectures, and
vital technologies and their usages in our daily life.
Keywords: IOT,state,smart homes, common infrastructure.
[1]INTRODUCTION:
The internet of things can be described as the technology in which the actual physical
entities (electronic devices) with data sensing, processing & self adoption capacity can be
used to interact with other such device and process that data to take an intelligent decision
which will prove useful for our daily day to day life .In the paper [1] IOT is defined As an
environment in which objects (devices) are given unique identifiers and the ability to
transfer data over a network without having human-to-human or human-to-computer
interaction.
As per the paper [2] the IOT is being formed from two words internet and things which
combine means any object or person which can be distinguishable by the real world can be
connected to global system of interconnected computer networks and governs by standard
protocol.
They defined IOT as
“An open and comprehensive network of intelligent objects that have the capacity to auto-
organize, share information, data and resources, reacting and acting in face of situations and
changes in the environment”
The internet of things is a new era of intelligence computing and it is providing a privilege
to communicate around the world. The objective of IOT is anything, anyone, anytime,
anyplace, anyservice and anynetwor

2. HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS
Shweta Singh, Kishore Kumar Ray 2
Figure:1. Objective of IOT
[2] HOME AUTOMATION USING IOT AND ITS APPLICATION
Home automation or Smart Homes can be described as introduction of technology within
the home environment to provide convenience, comfort, security and energy efficiency to its
occupants [15]. Adding intelligence to home environment can provide increased quality of
life. With the introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT), the research and implementation
of home automation are getting more popular. Presently many researches have done that
provide many home automation facilities with the proliferation of IOT.

3. HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS
Shweta Singh, Kishore Kumar Ray 3
Figure: 2 Applications of IOT
Light and Devices: The user can check the status of the outside light and turn on and off the
light without the need to get out of bed. These devices are also benefitting users with limited
mobility that may have a difficult time getting to or even reaching their light switch.
Webcam Surveillance: A webcam is a video camera that feeds or streams its image in real
time to or through a computer to computer network. When "captured" by the computer, the
video stream may be saved, viewed or sent on to other networks via systems such as the
internet, and email as an attachment.
Magnetic Door Sensors: This Magnetic Door Sensor is essentially are switched, encased in
a plastic shell. Normally the reed is open (no connection between the two wires). The other
half is a magnet. When the magnet is less than 13mm (0.5") away, the reed switch closes.
They are often used to detect when a door is open or close.
[3] THE IOT DIFFERENT SERVICES AND TECHNOLOGIES MEANINGS FOR
EVERYONE
Home automate
Email -------
Password-----
login
Home automate
Light and devices
Door sensor
Camera surveiliance
Home automate
light - on off
Doors - open close
Camera - Display

4. HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS
Shweta Singh, Kishore Kumar Ray 4
Figure:3. Application of IOT
[4] IOT ELEMENTS
There are mainly three components of IOT a) Hardware - made up of sensors, actuators and
embedded communication hardware b) Middleware - on demand storage and computing
tools for data analytics and c) Presentation - novel easy to understand visualization and
interpretation tools which can be widely accessed on different platforms and which can be
designed for different applications[6]. In this section, we discuss a few enabling
technologies in these categories which will make up the three components stated above.
4.1 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
RFID technology is a major breakthrough in the embedded communication paradigm which
enables design of microchips for wireless data communication. They help in automatic
identification of anything they are attached to acting as an electronic barcode [15,16]. The
passive RFID tags are not battery powered and they use the power of the reader‘s
interrogation signal to communicate the ID to the RFID reader. This has resulted in many
applications particularly in retail and supply chain management. The applications can be
found in transportation (replacement of tickets, registration stickers) and access control
applications as well. The passive tags are currently being used in many bank cards and road
toll tags which is among the first global deployments. Active RFID readers have their own
battery supply and can instantiate the communication

5. HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS
Shweta Singh, Kishore Kumar Ray 5
4.2 Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
A WSN is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using
sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature,
sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different locations (Wikipedia). Formed
by hundreds or thousands of notes that communicate with each other and pass data along
from one to another. A wireless sensor network is an important element in IoT paradigm.
Sensor nodes may not have global ID because of the large amount of overhead and large
number of sensors. WSN based on IoT has received remarkable attention in many areas,
such as military, homeland security, healthcare, precision agriculture monitoring,
manufacturing, habitat monitoring, forest fire and flood detection and so on [16]. Sensors
mounted to a patient’s body are monitoring the responses to the medication, so that doctors
can measure the effects of the medicines [17].
4.3Addressing schemes
The ability to uniquely identify Things is critical for the success of IoT. This will not only
allow us to uniquely identify billions of devices but also to control remote devices through
the Internet. The few most critical features of creating a unique address are: uniqueness,
reliability, persistence and scalability [11].
Every element that is already connected and those that are going to be connected must be
identified by their unique identification, location and functionalities. The current IPv4 may
support to an extent where a group of cohabiting sensor devices can be identified
geographically, but not individually. The Internet Mobility attributes in the IPV6 may
alleviate some of the device identification problems; however, the heterogeneous nature of
wireless nodes, variable data types, concurrent operations and confluence of data from
devices exacerbates the problem further [14].
Persistent network functioning to channel the data traffic ubiquitously and relentlessly is
another aspect of IoT. Although, the TCP/IP takes care of this mechanism by routing in a
more reliable and efficient way, from source to destination, the IoT faces a bottleneck at the
interface between the gateway and wireless sensor devices. Furthermore, the scalability of
the device address of the existing network must be sustainable. The addition of networks
and devices must not hamper the performance of the network, the functioning of the
devices, the reliability of the data over the network or the effective use of the devices from
the user interface [12].
To address these issues, the Uniform Resource Name (URN) system is considered
fundamental for the development of IoT. URN creates replicas of the resources that can be
accessed through the URL. With large amounts of spatial data being gathered, it is often
quite important to take advantage of the benefits of metadata for transferring the information
from a database to the user via the Internet [12]. IPv6 also gives a very good option to
access the resources uniquely and remotely. Another critical development in addressing is
the development of a light-weight IPv6 that will enable addressing home appliances
uniquely.
[5] ITU Architecture
According to the recommendations of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU),
the network, Architecture Internet of Things consists of
(a) The Sensing Layer
(b) The Access Layer

6. HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS
Shweta Singh, Kishore Kumar Ray 6
(c) The Network Layer
(d) The Middleware Layer
(e) The Application Layers
These are like the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model in network and data
communication.
[6] According to PAUL FREMANTLECO-FOUNDER of WSO2
The reference architecture for the internet of things consists of a set of components. Layers
can be realized by means of specific technologies, and we will discuss options for realizing
each component.
There are also some cross-cutting/vertical layers such as access/identity management
The layers are
• Client/external communications - Web/Portal, Dashboard, APIs
• Event processing and analytics (including data storage)
• Aggregation/bus layer – ESB and message broker
• Relevant transports - MQTT/HTTP/XMPP/CoAP/AMQP, etc.
• Devices
The cross-cutting layers are
• Device manager
• HTTP/HTTPS (and restful approaches on those)
• MQTT 3.1/3.1.1
• Constrained application protocol (CoAP)
6.1 THE DEVICE LAYER
Aggregation /bus layer ESB and message broker
DEVICES
Event processing and analytics
Device
manager
Communications
MQTT/HTTP
API Management
dashboard
Web/portal
Identity
and
access
management

7. HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS
Shweta Singh, Kishore Kumar Ray 7
The bottom layer of the architecture is the device layer. Devices can be of various types, but
in order to be considered as IoT devices, they must have some communications that either
indirectly or directly attaches to the Internet.
6.2 THE COMMUNICATIONS LAYER
The communication layer supports the connectivity of the devices. There are multiple
potential protocols for communication between the devices and the cloud. The most well
known three potential protocols are
Figure: 4. Reference Architecture for IOT
6.3 THE AGGREGATION/BUS LAYER
An important layer of the architecture is the layer that aggregates and brokers
communications. This is an important layer for three reasons:
1. The ability to support an HTTP server and/or an MQTT broker to talk to the devices
2. The ability to aggregate and combine communications from different devices and to route
communications to a specific device (possibly via a gateway)
3.The ability to bridge and transform between different protocols, e.g. to offer HTTP based
APIs that are mediated into an MQTT message going to the device.
The aggregation/bus layer provides these capabilities as well as adapting into legacy
protocols. The bus layer may also provide some simple correlation and mapping from
different correlation models (e.g. mapping a device ID into an owner’s ID or vice-versa).
6.4 THE EVENT PROCESSING AND ANALYTICS LAYER
This layer takes the events from the bus and provides the ability to process and act upon
these events. A core capability here is the requirement to store the data into a database. This
may happen in three forms. The traditional model here would be to write a server side
application, e.g. this could be a JAX-RS application backed by a database. However, there
are many approaches where we can support more agile approaches. The first of these is to
use a big data analytics platform. This is a cloud-scalable platform that supports
technologies such as Apache Hadoop to provide highly scalable map reduce analytics on the
data coming from the devices. The second approach is to support complex event processing
to initiate near real-time activities and actions based on data from the devices and from the
rest of the system.
6.5 DEVICE MANAGEMENT
Device management (DM) is handled by two components. A server-side system (the
devicemanager) communicates with devices via various protocols and provides both
individualand bulk control of devices. It also remotely manages software and applications
deployed on the device. It can lock and/or wipe the device if necessary. The device manager
worksin conjunction with the device management agents. There are multiple different agents
for different platforms and device types.
[7] Conclusion: The Internet of Things involves an increasing number of smart
interconnected devices and sensors (e.g. cameras, biometric and medical sensors) that are
often non-intrusive, transparent and invisible.IoT has been bringing new set of technological
changes in our daily lives, which in turn helping us to make our life simpler and more
comfortable. Though IoT has abundant benefits, there are some flaws in the IoT architecture

8. HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS
Shweta Singh, Kishore Kumar Ray 8
and its implementation. So the main observation of the paper is that IoT architecture will
probably best be described by a reference model than a single architecture and that there
will be many different as yet unknown applications/services that will connect to the IoT
applies also to object resolution mechanisms. IoT applications rely on a communication
infrastructure for exchanging information so it is important from a public policy point of
view to ensure that IoT applications, which include healthcare, energy management,
transportation, or any other innovative applications, will benefit from a fair access to this
infrastructure.
REFERENCES:
[1] Nupur Tyagi, “A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE FOR IoT”,in International
Journal of Computer Engineering and Applications, Volume X, Issue I, Jan.
1www.ijcea.com ISSN 2321- 3469
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Shweta Singh, Kishore Kumar Ray 9
Networks5 (2010) 2787–2805.
[12] http://www.infoq.com/articles/internet-of-things-reference-architecture
[13] http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X13000241
[14] https://standards.ieee.org/develop/wg/IoT_Architecture.html
[15] http://wso2.com/iot
[16] Internet of Things: Ubiquitous Home Control and Monitoring System using Android
based Smart Phone at International Journal of Internet of Things 2013
[17] White Paper What the Internet of Things (IoT) Needs to Become a Reality
Authors details:
NAME- shweta singh
Lecturer ,RVS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
EMAIL-sweta935@gmal.com
Phone no-08986776094