HM510Unit6 Assignment 2Hazard Mitigation AnalysisUtilizing

HM510
Unit6 Assignment 2
Hazard Mitigation Analysis
Utilizing your home community (or other location of interest)
develop a comprehensive hazard mitigation analysis for that
community. The analysis should be between 4–6 pages and
include relevant supporting data and analysis.
The analysis must also include the following components:
· Executive Summary
· Methodology of analysis
· Types and descriptions of hazards
· Recommended preparedness strategies relative to hazards
· Recommended at least 5 hazard mitigation strategies
· Implementation/evaluation plan
In addition to fulfilling the specifics of the assignment, a
successful paper must also meet the following criteria:
· Include a cover page and references page in 10 - 12-point font
(Arial, Courier, and Times New Roman are acceptable)
· Viewpoint and purpose should be clearly established and
sustained
· Assignment should follow the conventions of Standard English
(correct grammar, punctuation, etc.)
· Writing should be well ordered, logical and unified, as well as
original and insightful
· Your work should display superior content, organization,
style, and mechanics
· Appropriate citation style should be followed
You should also make sure to:
· Include a title page with full name, class name, section
number, and date
· Include an introductory and concluding paragraph and
demonstrate college-level communication through the
composition of original materials in Standard English

· Use examples to support your discussion
· Cite all sources on a separate reference page at the end of your
paper and cite within the body of your paper using APA format
and citation style. For more information on APA guidelines,
visit Academic Tools.
Directions for Submitting Your Assignment
Compose your assignment and save it in the following format:
Course#_LastnameFirstname Unit # Assignment (example:
HM510_SmithJohn Unit 1 Assignment). Submit your
assignment to the appropriate Dropbox by the end of the Unit.
HM510
Unit 6 DQ
TOPIC #1
Cultural Changes in the Community
Focus on cultural changes within the community and discuss
that which is necessary to create a hazard resilient community.
In your discussion address:
· How can you change the way you manage and plan to address
hazards to avoid recurring issues?
· What should the role of emergency management be in the
ongoing process of hazard mitigation planning and
implementation?
Respond Kindly to Student #1
Travis Reed
Good morning Y’all
Culture is among the factors that are involved in hazard
mitigation measures. One of the ways to change the
management and planning of hazards mitigation to evade
recurring issues is by eliminating the impression individuals
have that they can only thrive economically by residing in areas

vulnerable to disasters. For instance, the coastal region of Texas
is highly populated since people living in this region subscribe
to the notion that it is the only way they can earn a living
(Anderson & Al-Thani, 2016). As aforementioned in this
course, vulnerability is a crucial driver of the occurrence of
hazard events. Therefore, there should be a change in the
perception of communities living in vulnerable areas to address
hazards mitigation effectively. Besides, I will change the belief
communities have towards the safety of structural mitigation.
These structural structures do not guarantee the security of the
communities upon the occurrence of a disaster event. Therefore
changing the perception will enable communities to respond
effectively to early warning signs of hazard events, thus
supporting the success of mitigation measures.
Emergency management facilitates the response, preparedness,
recovery, and mitigation actions, thus aiding humanitarian
emergencies. One of emergency management roles is
establishing a hazard mitigation framework, which communities
rely on in reducing vulnerability to hazards and coping with
threats (Samuel & Siebeneck, 2019). Thus, emergency
management promotes safer and less vulnerable communities
characterized by dealing with disasters and hazards.
Additionally, emergency management makes adjustments and
prioritizes particular necessary actions based on the stage of the
recovery process. These actions include conducting rescue
missions, establishing public shelters for the displaced victims,
or ordering evacuations. Lastly, emergency management ensures
the communities are aware of the risks based on their
vulnerability to specific disasters.
References
Anderson, F., & Al-Thani, N. N. (2016). Case Study: Reviewing
Methods of Assessing Community Adaptive Capacity for
Jefferson County, Texas. American Journal of Climate
Change, 5(1), 8-14.
Samuel, C., & Siebeneck, L. K. (2019). Roles revealed: An
examination of the adopted roles of emergency managers in

hazard mitigation planning and strategy
implementation. International Journal of Disaster Risk
Reduction, 39, 101145.
v/r
Reedez
Timothy Brenneman
The way the society handles mitigation can have a major impact
on cultural change depending on the circumstances at play. In
my community, I have noticed a couple of big cultural changes
due to trying to mitigate certain hazards. There has been a
change in structural construction and policies revolving around
pollution. Being in Baltimore, there is an issue of flooding that
affects many buildings in the area and cause havoc for the
community. Recently, I have noticed more and more buildings
having certain construction and mitigation in them to avoid this
disaster. Older building will have sump pumps, drainage and
piping updated to help combat the flooding. The other cultural
change with pollution is the negating of plastic bags. It recently
became illegal for stores to use plastic bags in stores without a
fee and recommend using your own. In order to use plastic bags,
you must pay 10 cents a bag. This cuts down on the overall
pollution not only in the community but also worldwide.
Emergency management allows for roles of mitigation to expand
and expand the safety of a community in a vulnerable area.
Canton, L. G. (2020). Emergency management: Concepts and
strategies for effective programs. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Haddow, G. D., Bullock, J. A., & Coppola, D. P.
(2021). Introduction to Emergency
Management (7th ed.).
Keith Hamilton

Hey class,
There are a lot of ways in which you can change the way you
manage and plan to address hazards and avoid issues that tend
to reoccur. One thing is to get away from the “prehistoric” way
of thinking. Today there is so much new technology and
different ways to relate to people and address issues. You must
be able to adapt to the current regime or you will always be
behind. Emergency management should play a huge role, since
they are the ones who develop and implement these plans, as
well as setup and run the command centers when a disaster
takes place.
-Hamtaro
TOPIC #2
Reflect and Discuss
Now that you have completed this course, reflect on the
outcomes as well as your personal goals for the course. This is
not intended to be a mere recap of the course. The emphasis
here is what you have personally learned and how it will affect
your professional goals. Discussing what you have learned
during the term will not only help you better process the
information but will help you enhance each other's learning
experience. Please reflect on the previous units and post a
response that addresses the following questions:
· What prior knowledge did you bring to this course?
· What were the most important new ideas you encountered and
how did they change your understanding of this class?
· Do you feel you have met the outcomes in your work on this
course? Is there any outcome with which you feel you still need
support or assistance?
· What have you learned from your discussions and
collaborations with your fellow students?
· In what specific ways can you use the knowledge you have
gained in this course in your chosen profession? What are your
strengths and opportunities for growth in this area?

· What questions or concerns do you have about what you have
studied?
· What areas of the subject would you like to continue to
explore, and why?
· Respond Kindly to Student #1
· Hector Chamo
· I had some knowledge from previous classes on emergency
management planning and how agencies in your area, state plays
a role in the process. The important idea I learned is how to
adapt to multiple crisis and how it changes your planning.
Prepare is great but if you don’t learn or implement changes to
your planning then it might hinder your planning for future
events. Example if you don’t change or implement anything
after you conduct AAR with your team, organization and other
agencies then you’re planning is not effective. I don’t need any
further support, I grasp the understanding of mitigation and
preparedness. One way I can use this class for future careers
and classes is saving my FEMA corticates and used them as a
refresher. There is no concerns or anything I would need to
explore. Overall this class had sufficient information,
discussion topics and assignments tailored to the scope of the
class.
Hector
Jeryme Stine
What prior knowledge did you bring to this course?
I am midway through the Master in Homeland Security and
Emergency Management. I have had a couple of classes that
broadly covered the emergency management process. In those
studies, prevention and mitigation were covered but not in

detail. I have been a first responder for about 14 years and in
that time I have learned a lot from experience. The concepts of
mitigation and preparedness are easier to grasp in the context of
field experience.
What were the most important new ideas you encountered and
how did they change your understanding of this class?
Utilization of both structural and non-structural mitigation
tools. Implementation of structural mitigation tools can be a
real challenge, mainly due to the associated costs. Often, non-
structural mitigation tools like education, training, and drills
can prove to be a force multiplier in building resilience. My
thinking was changed to look for ways to implement non-
structural tools concurrent with structural proposals.
Do you feel you have met the outcomes in your work on this
course? Is there any outcome with which you feel you still need
support or assistance?
I am very pleased with what I am walking away with from this
class. Grant writing is an area I would like to become more
proficient in.
What have you learned from your discussions and collaborations
with your fellow students?
It really does take everyone to build resilience. You need input
from first responders, secondary responders, community
members, public entities, and private-sector entities to reduce
vulnerabilities.
In what specific ways can you use the knowledge you have
gained in this course in your chosen profession? What are your
strengths and opportunities for growth in this area?
As I begin to advance in my career, I will add the tools I have
learned from this class to help build resilience in the community
I serve. My strengths are I have been embedded in my
community for some time and already have inadvertently
participated in mitigative tools. The additional education has
equipped me with a better understanding of the tools available.
What questions or concerns do you have about what you have
studied?

The only question I still have is does anyone have the secret to
getting grant money?
What areas of the subject would you like to continue to explore,
and why?
Grant writing. At the end of the day, it takes money to
implement structural mitigation, and grant funding is a way to
bolster this area when city and county budgets fall short.
· William Leach
· The completion of this course is officially the second to the
last course of my master’s program. Officially marking myself
one step closer to my main goal. What this course has taught me
is equipping me with greater knowledge on how to implement
proper hazard mitigation plans. I learned what it takes to bridge
the gap between federal agencies and local agencies. Prior to
this course, I understood mitigation, hazards, and emergency
management. But proper implementation was vague. I have a
career goal of federal law enforcement and an academic goal of
achieving my doctoral degree to become a college professor
once I retire from my law enforcement career. The overarching
goal is to establish a master’s program in this field on the
campus where I achieved my bachelor’s degree (Kentucky State
University). Thank you, professor, for all of the knowledge you
have imparted as well as what you have pushed me to learn.
2

Unit2 Assignment 2
Name
Institution
Date
CJ525
Unit2 Assignment 2
Applied Research Hypothesis
Human trafficking
First article title: Failing victims? Challenges of the police
response to human trafficking.
The article investigates various factors that promoted
effective response to cases of human trafficking and its victims.
The independent variable in this study is promoting an effective
response to human trafficking issues. The dependent variables
include the barriers that undermine effective response to human
trafficking issues (Farrell et al., 2019). The obstacles include
poor communication, ignorance or lack of information on what
to do by human trafficking survivors, poor coordination among
human trafficking agencies, and the challenge of differentiating
individuals in sex work as perpetrators from human trafficking
victims. The study aims to determine the significance of
dependent variables on the independent variable. From the
analysis, the effective response to human response issues is
determined by eliminating all the barriers above.
Farrell, A., Dank, M., de Vries, I., Kafafian, M., Hughes, A., &
Lockwood, S. (2019). Failing victims? Challenges of the police
response to human trafficking. Criminology & Public Policy,
18(3), 649-673.
Article title: Policing human trafficking: Cultural blinders and

organizational barriers
The study aimed at determining the influence that cultural
binders and organizational barriers have on policing human
trafficking. The barriers identified in the study which
undermine policing human trafficking include broad public
ambiguity concerning human trafficking. The barriers can lead
to the unclear direction between lawmakers, the public, and the
police leadership. Another barrier identified in the study is the
lack of investigative culture and institutional and institutional
structure that would allow the investigation of human
trafficking (Farrell & Pfeffer, 2014). The independent variable
in this study is human trafficking, and the dependent variables
are the barriers are the cultural and organizational factors that
undermine the investigation of human trafficking issues, such as
lack of clear direction between lawmakers and the police and
lack of institutional structure that would allow for the study of
human trafficking cases.
References
Farrell, A., & Pfeffer, R. (2014). Policing human trafficking:
Cultural blinders and organizational barriers. The Annals of the
American Academy of Political and Social Science, 653(1), 46-
64.
Article 3
Identifying the unknown: Challenges and solutions to US human
trafficking investigations
The study aims to determine challenges that police officers
have to deal with in their fight against human trafficking
(Fordyce, 2012). These issues include mistaken identity,
inadequate resources to handle human trafficking issues
properly, and poor interviewing procedures used during
investigations with human trafficking victims. The independent
variable in this study is the fight against human trafficking,
while the dependent variable includes the challenges such as
lack of resources, mistaken identity, and poor interviewing
techniques that the police officer will have to deal with in the

fight against human trafficking.
References
Fordyce, E. M. (2012). Identifying the unknown: Challenges
and solutions to US human trafficking investigations.
PublicINReview, 1(1), 23-32.
1
1
Literature Review
Unit 4 Assignment
Renee C. Bridgeman
Purdue University Global
CJ525: Applied Research in Criminal Justice
Professor Carolee Larsen
October 17, 2021
Literature Review
Human trafficking is a form of modern-day slavery where
individuals coerce or compel individuals to provide labor
services or engage in commercial sex activities. Human
trafficking has become a major concern where millions of men,
women, and children are trafficked globally. The United States
is one of the countries which has several reported cases of
human trafficking. The human trafficking task force was
established in the United States to help investigate and stop
incidents of human trafficking and ensure justice for human
trafficking victims. Human trafficking task forces are
multidisciplinary teams that have been created to provide
numerous services and resources to victims. The human
trafficking task force is also responsible for investigating and
prosecuting the individuals who participate in human

trafficking. The city of Phoenix has its own human trafficking
task force, which aids in the fight against human trafficking.
Like all task forces in different states, it has had several success
stories on the issue of human trafficking, where they have saved
numerous victims and prosecuted a large number of individuals
who participate in human trafficking. Although they have
numerous successes, this task force has to deal with several
challenges in their line of work. The purpose of this study is to
determine the challenges that the Arizona human trafficking
task force is dealing with in the fight against human trafficking
and the successes of this task force. This essay aims to car ry out
a literature review of studies that have been carried out on the
challenges facing human trafficking.
Theoretical Considerations
Several assumptions are related to the challenges that the human
trafficking task force has to deal with during its fight against
human trafficking. The first assumption of the challenges that
this task force has to deal with is insufficient funding to acquire
the resources they need to succeed in their fight against human
trafficking. The first hypothesis of the study is that human
trafficking challenges are caused by insufficient funding and
resources. The second assumption is that the challenges faced
result from the lack of willingness of human trafficking victims
to provide details on the perpetrators. The other assumptions
made are poor investigation procedures, broad ambiguity
concerning human trafficking, and poor coordination between
the human trafficking agencies. The theory which will be used
to explain the challenges that the human task force is dealing
with is the critical theory. This theory focuses on reflective
assessment and critique of the society and culture to identify the
challenges that exist within that society.
Literature Review
Major Themes
Farrell et al.(2019) argue that one of the challenges that human
trafficking taskforces have to deal with is the unwillingness of
human trafficking victims to report their victimization or

provide detail on their encounters with human trafficking. The
majority of the human trafficking victims do not report their
encounters, and the families of these victims also remain silent.
The lack of cooperation from these makes it difficult for the
human trafficking task force to identify the perpetrators of these
crimes and hinders the investigation process. The argument is
supported by the research conducted by Farrell & Pfeffer
(2014). The authors argue that the victims of human trafficking
are reluctant to provide details of their human trafficking
encounters because they fear the police and their trafficker.
Fordyce (2012) also agrees with the two research articles on the
unwillingness of the victims to provide details about their
encounters. Fordyce argues that it is difficult for the human
trafficking task forces and other security agencies to identify
human trafficking incidents because these victims are unlikely
to identify themselves or provide details regarding their
traffickers. Aronowitz (2010) argues that victims are unwilling
to provide details about their victimization or cooperate with
law enforcement officials if they have been identified or
rescued
Lack of training is the other challenge that the human
trafficking task force face. Farell et al. (2019) argue that
officers lack the training to identify the incidents which involve
human trafficking. Fordyce (2012) also argues that the lack of
training is a human trafficking task force's challenge. Fordyce
argues that local and state law enforcement agencies require
training on the laws governing human trafficking, the
techniques they can use to identify human trafficking cases, and
effective interviewing methods. However, to ensure that the
training is successful, there must be coordination between law
enforcement agencies, non-governmental organizations, and
prosecutors.
Fordyce (2012) argues that the other challenges that these task
forces have to deal with are where victims are mistakenly
identified as illegal immigrants and prostitutes, resulting in
them being treated as criminal offenders instead of victims.

Farrell & Pfeffer (2014) also argue that arresting human
trafficking victims due to mistaken identity as immigrants or
prostitutes has made it challenging to identify human trafficking
victims.
The other challenge that taskforces have to deal with in their
fight against human trafficking is the lack of resources. Fordyce
(2012) argues that the lack of resources, such s the lack of
officers to investigate human trafficking incidents or providers
to provide victim assistance, is one of the challenges faced by
these taskforces. Farell et al. (2019) also argue that the lack of
outreach and partnerships to providers who offer their services
to migrant persons or vulnerable communities has made it
difficult for the human trafficking taskforces to identify victims
of human trafficking. Outreaches and partnerships with the
migrants and vulnerable communities are essential for these
taskforces since it allows them to build cases of human
trafficking and carry out the required investigations.
The research by Farrell & Pfeffer (2014) argues that one of the
challenges that the human trafficking task force has to deal with
is broad public ambiguity concerning human trafficking. The
study carried out in twelve counties in the United States
determined that the local enforcement agencies are confused
about what human trafficki ng is. The barriers can lead to
unclear directions between lawmakers, the public, and the
police leadership. The author also argues that the lack of
investigative culture and an institutional structure that would
allow the investigation of human trafficking is one of the
challenges that human trafficking taskforces have to deal with
during their investigation of human trafficking incidents.
Warria et al.(2015) also argue that the challenge faced in the
fight against human trafficking is the lack of clear definition in
national legislation regarding identifying human trafficking
victims.
Comparison and Contrast
The strength of the research article by Farell et al. (2019) is that
the data was obtained from human trafficking incidents and

conduction interviews. This approach made it possible for the
authors to determine the challenges that arise in the fight
against human trafficking. There are no weaknesses in the
methods used in the study by Farell et al. (2019). The strength
of the methods by Farrell & Pfeffer (2014) is that it used data
from the National Institute of Justice to determine challenges
faced in the fight gains human trafficking. The weakness of the
methods is that the authors used a limited sample data sample
which can invalidate the research findings. There are no
identifiable weaknesses and strengths of Aronowitz (2012) and
Waria et al. (2015).
Key Findings
The key findings by Farell et al., 2019 on the challenges facing
the fight on human trafficking include the unwillingness of the
human trafficking survivors to provide details, poor
coordination among human trafficking agencies, and the
challenge of differentiating individuals in sex work perpetrators
from human trafficking victims. Farrell & Pfeffer's (2014)
findings are that the challenges faced include broad public
ambiguity concerning human trafficking and the lack of
investigative culture and institutional and institutional structure
that would allow the investigation of human trafficking. The
key finding of Fordyce, 2012 on challenges faced are mistaken
identity, inadequate resources to handle human trafficking
issues properly, and poor interviewing procedures used during
investigations with human trafficking victims. The key findings
of the article by Warria et al. (2015) include a lack of clear
definition and unwillingness to share information. The article's
findings by Aronowitz, A. A. (2010) is that law enforcement
officials mistake human trafficking victims for immigrants or
prostitutes, resulting in them being treated as criminals. The
articles by Farrell & Pfeffer (2014), Fordyce (2012), and
Aronowitz (2010) have similar key findings on how the
unwillingness of the victims to provide detail about their
encounters is one of the challenges which human trafficking
enforcement agencies have to deal with. The other similarity in

key findings is the article by Farell et al. (2019) and Fordyce
(2012), where both agree that the lack of training is one of the
challenges that need to be addressed.
The literature review highlighted several challenges that law
enforcement agencies that fight against human trafficking, such
as the human trafficking task force, have to deal with. These
challenges include the unwillingness of the victims to self-
report or provide details about their incident, lack of training,
ambiguous definition of human trafficking, lack of resources,
and treating victims as criminals. What is not known from the
literature review on my topic is the successes of the Arizona
human trafficking taskforces. The literature review has onl y
addressed the challenges facing these agencies. There are no
controversies or conflicting findings in the reviewed literature.
The drawn conclusion is that the unwillingness of the victims to
provide details on their encounters is one of the leading
challenges that the task force has to address. One of the
questions that need to be addressed is; what strategies can the
task force use to ensure the cooperation of the victims to
provide details of their human trafficking encounters?

References
Aronowitz, A. A. (2010). Overcoming the challenges to
accurately measuring the phenomenon of human trafficking.
Revue internationale de droit pénal, 81(3), 493-511.
18(3), 649-673.
64.
Warria, A., Nel, H., & Triegaardt, J. (2015). Challenges in
identification of child victims of transnational trafficking.
Practice, 27(5), 315-333.
1
4
Research Proposal
Unit 3 Assignment
Renee C. Bridgeman
Purdue University Global
CJ525: Applied Research in Criminal Justice
Professor Carolee Larsen
October 12, 2021
Introduction
Human trafficking task forces are multidisciplinary teams that
have been created to provide numerous services and resources
to victims. The human trafficking task force is also responsible

for investigating and prosecuting the individuals who
participate in human trafficking. One of the cities with a human
trafficking task force is the city of Phoenix in Arizona. This
task force has had several success stories on the issue of human
trafficking, where they have saved numerous victims and
prosecuted a large number of individuals who participate in
human trafficking (Fordyce, 2012). Although they have
numerous successes, this task force has to deal with several
challenges in their line of work.
Problem Statement
The Human Trafficking Task Force in Phoenix, Arizona, has
had numerous successes fighting against human trafficking.
However, this task force has to deal with numerous challenges,
making it difficult to fight human trafficking effectively and
efficiently (Fordyce, 2012). The study subjects will be members
of the human trafficking task force in Phoenix, Arizona, and the
study aims to start from January 2022 to July 2022. Therefore it
is important to identify these challenges and provide
recommendations on how to address them.
Research Design
This study is exploratory research that aims to explore the
successes of the Phoenix Human Trafficking Taskforce and the
challenges the task force is dealing with when investigating and
prosecuting cases of human trafficking. The study's independent
variables include tasks including communication between the
task force members, allocated resources, coordination between
security agencies, interviewing techniques, the willingness of
victims to provide details, and lack of public education in
identifying human trafficking victims. The dependent variable
for the study is the success of the human trafficking task force
in prosecuting, investigating, and identifying victims and
perpetrators of human trafficking and the challenges that the
Phoenix Human Trafficking Taskforce is facing (Farrell et al.,
2019). The hypotheses for the study are:
First Article Title: Failing victims? Challenges of the police
response to human trafficking.

The article investigates various factors that promoted
effective response to cases of human trafficking and its victims.
The independent variable in this study is promoting an effective
response to human trafficking issues. The dependent variables
include the barriers that undermine effective response to human
trafficking issues (Farrell et al., 2019). The obstacles include
poor communication, ignorance, or lack of information on what
to do by human trafficking survivors, poor coordination among
human trafficking agencies, and the challenge of differentiating
individuals in sex work as perpetrators from human trafficking
victims. The study aims to determine the significance of
dependent variables on the independent variable. From the
analysis, the effective response to human response issues is
determined by eliminating all the barriers above.
Second Article Title: Policing human trafficking: Cultural
blinders and organizational barriers
The study aimed at determining the influence that cultural
binders and organizational barriers have on policing human
trafficking. The barriers identified in the study which
undermine policing human trafficking include broad public
ambiguity concerning human trafficking. The barriers can lead
to the unclear direction between lawmakers, the public, and the
police leadership. Another barrier identified in the study is the
lack of investigative culture and institutional and institutional
structure that would allow the investigation of human
trafficking (Farrell & Pfeffer, 2014). The independent variable
in this study is human trafficking, and the dependent variables
are the barriers are the cultural and organizational factors that
undermine the investigation of human trafficking issues, such as
lack of clear direction between lawmakers and the police and
lack of institutional structure that would allow for the study of
human trafficking cases.
Third Article Title: Identifying the unknown: Challenges and
solutions to US human trafficking investigations
The study aims to determine challenges that police officers
have to deal with in their fight against human trafficking

(Fordyce, 2012). These issues include mistaken identity,
inadequate resources to handle human trafficking issues
properly, and poor interviewing procedures used during
investigations with human trafficking victims. The independent
variable in this study is the fight against human trafficking,
while the dependent variable includes the challenges such as
lack of resources, mistaken identity, and poor interviewing
techniques that the police officer will have to deal with in the
fight against human trafficking.
The study will identify the challenges that the task force is
dealing with and provide recommendations for establishing
policies that will help address the challenges that the task force
is dealing with.
References
18(3), 649-673.
64.

CJ525
Unit 6 Assignment
Preliminary Applied Research Proposal
You have slowly been building the initial components of an
applied research proposal over the last 5 weeks. Now in the
final unit of the course, you will prepare your preliminary
research proposal and submit it for the Unit 6 Assignment. The
following structure can be used to guide the development of
your preliminary applied research proposal.
Note: Given that the preliminary proposal you complete in this
course will be the basis of the final proposal you complete in
your capstone course, you will need to save your graded Unit 6
Assignment. Similar to CJ graduate students going on to CJ598,
Homeland Security and Emergency Management graduate
students going on to HM598 will further refine their research
proposals that they started in CJ525.
The research proposal should be 9–12 pages long (not including
title page, reference section, or appendices), double-spaced, and
use APA formatting. Each proposal should have a title page
including your name, affiliation, course, professor, and date,
using APA format.
Your proposal should include the following headings and
subheadings:
1. Introduction: This will be an edited version of the
introduction you completed from the Unit 3 Assignment.
2. Problem Statement: Insert the problem statement that you
created in Unit 3, making any corrections or revisions needed
based on feedback you received from your professor.
3. Literature Review: Insert the literature review that you
completed earlier in this course after making any necessary

corrections or revisions based on feedback you received from
your professor. The review should include each of the elements
originally required for the Unit 4 Assignment:
a. Introduction: Revise and resubmit the introduction from your
Unit 4 Assignment.
b. Theoretical Considerations: Revise and resubmit the
theoretical considerations section from your Unit 4 Assignment.
c. Literature Review: Revise and resubmit the literature review
section from your Unit 4 Assignment.
d. Summary and Conclusions: Revise and resubmit the summary
and conclusions section from your Unit 4 Assignment.
4. Research Design: Insert the elements of the research design
that you completed from the Unit 4 Assignment, making any
necessary corrections or revisions to those elements based on
feedback you received from your professor. The review should
include each of these earlier elements, as well as new sections,
as itemized below:
a. Research Purpose: Revise and resubmit the research purpose
from your Unit 3 Assignment.
b. Study Variables and Conceptual Definitions: Insert the
independent and dependent variables identified in the Unit 3
Assignment. Conceptualize each independent variable and each
dependent variable, fully defining what would and would not
count for each for purposes of your study.
c. Research Hypothesis: Revise and resubmit the research
hypothesis from your Unit 3 Assignment.
d. Research Goals: Revise and resubmit the goals from your
Unit 3 Assignment.
e. Data Approach: Describe whether you will take a qualitative,
quantitative, or mixed methods approach to your research.
Explain the rationale for your choice, describing why this
approach will most effectively permit you to test your research
hypothesis. Support your rationale with reference to scholarly
sources.
f. Ethical Considerations: Describe how you would ethically
conduct your research. Explain how would ensure the protection

of any human subjects and confidentiality of data for your
proposed study.
5. Conclusion: Provide a summary of the problem and plan for
studying the issue, emphasizing why the research is important
and what would be accomplished were the proposed study to be
conducted.
6. References: Include full APA references for all in-text
citations in the body of your research proposal.
7. Appendices: Include appendices, if any, to supplement the
information presented in the research proposal.
Be sure to cite your sources in the body of your paper and list
them on your reference page, consistent with APA guidelines.
Remember, applied research is not common knowledge, so it is
important to cite to all of your sources of information.
In addition to fulfilling the specifics of the assignment, a
successful paper must also meet the following criteria:
· Your paper should include a title page and reference page and
be in 10- to 12-point font. (Arial, Courier, and Times New
Roman are acceptable.)
· Viewpoint and purpose should be clearly established and
sustained.
· Assignment should follow the conventions of Standard Engl ish
(correct grammar, punctuation, etc.).
· Writing should be well ordered, logical, and unified, as well
as original and insightful.
· Your work should display superior content, organization,
style, and mechanics.
· Appropriate citation style should be followed.
You should also make sure to:
· Include a title page with full name, class name, section
number, and date.
· Include introductory and concluding paragraphs and
demonstrate college-level communication through the
composition of original materials in Standard English.
· Use examples to support your discussion.
· List all sources on a separate reference page at the end of your

paper and cite them within the body of your paper using APA
format and citation style. For more information on APA
guidelines, visit Academic Tools.
Directions for Submitting Your Assignment
Compose your assignment and save it in the following format:
Course#_LastnameFirstname Unit # Assignment (example:
CJ525_SmithJohn Unit 1 Assignment). Submit your assignment
to the appropriate Dropbox by the end of the unit.
CJ525
Unit 6 DQ
Hypotheses, Data Considerations, and Study Variables
Part I: In this last unit of the course, you will incorporate what
you have learned thus far and prepare the initial sections of an
applied research proposal. Based on this week’s readings,
explain three critical characteristics of sound research
questions.
Remind your classmates of the research problem you are
proposing to study and post at least three potential hypotheses
you could test in your study. Incorporate what you learned from
the readings in terms of the format of the hypothesis, and
identify your key independent and dependent variables.
Part II: Describe the general approach (qualitative, quantitative,
or mixed methods) you will take in your research proposal.
Fully explain why you chose this approach and how it is the
most effective way to test your proposed study hypothesis or
hypotheses.
Samer Silva
Within our week's readings, there are three critical
characteristics of sound research questions which includes

descriptive, correlational and casual. Descriptive questions
compare existing questions, correlational questions aims to
describe the association found between variables and then aims
to provide evidence for causation, and casual questions are
generally the most important questions to educational
researchers and sets the stage for what needs to be researched
(Ayiro, 2012).
The research problem I am proposing to study is if training is
effective for domestic violence problems to officers in Miami.
Three potential hypotheses I could test in this study is, with
more training on domestic violence the less officers will commit
domestic violence, with less training and focus on domestic
violence the more officers will turn a blind eye to domestic
violence problems internally, and with more focus on training
on domestic violence and police culture stereotypes, the more
officers will leave from the stereotypical culture they have been
stuck in. The key independent variables are domestic violence
training, the implementation of training and the dependent
variables is the level of effectiveness of training and the cases
of domestic violence in the police agencies.
The general approach I will be taking in my research proposal
will be mixed methods to be honest because there will be rates,
percentages and ratios under the quantitative method and words,
observations and views under the qualitative method. I will be
researching the actual numbers and success rates of the training
and also hearing the opinions of those being surveyed to see if
the subjects believe the training is working or not regarding
domestic violence training. The purpose of each is also relevant
as I aim to explain and explore the reasoning and the results of
training in this particular scenario. If I went with one or the
other, I feel like there would be areas to be studied and the
research proposal would be somewhat empty without true
recollection of why and how the training is or is not effective
and gives a general idea of the origin and where this solution is
taking the agencies being surveyed and experimented on.
References:

Ayiro, L. P. (2012). A functional approach to educational
research methods and statistics : qualitative, quantitative, and
mixed methods approaches. Edwin Mellen Press.
Blake Carter
According to reading (Denscombe, 2019) there are
three main characteristics a research question should possess.
One: Where will the research go? What is its purpose and
direction? Two: What will the research do? What issues and
problems will did deal with? Three: What will the research look
at? What factors will be measured and investigated? So as one
can see it is very much who, what, where, why, and how when it
comes to formulating research questions.
When it comes to my research proposal; I will be
looking at if drones used by the United States Border Patrol
would result in safer and more efficient patrolling for Border
Patrol Agents in the Yuma sector. There are a number of
hypotheses that could be tested. For instance, will the use of
drones lead to a higher rate of apprehensions at the border?
Moreover, will the use of drones cause Border Patrol Agents to
patrol more efficiently since drones give them a wider range of
visibility? And finally would the use of drones lead to a safer
environment for not only Border Patrol Agents, but also the
undocumented individuals they are apprehending.
When it comes to my approach, I believe a mixed
method what best be employed. For instance, I could gather data
for the number of apprehensions and compare the number of
drones that were deployed during that time frame. Furthermore,
the patrol routes used by the agents could also be correlated

with drones. For instance, since drones have a wider range and
view this would require fewer agents to patrol routes since more
is being covered if drones were deployed.
Reference
Denscombe, M. (2019). Research proposals: A practical
guide. London: Open University Press.
Jeffery Bailey
Hello classmates/Prof
After doing the assigned reading for this unit, I must say it
thoroughly explained the differences between quantitative
methods, qualitative and mixed methods. Quantitative methods
are ideal for research that seeks to explain or evaluate an issue.
There are several methods that can be used. The experimental,
survey, or controlled observations. Qualitative is another
method of doing research, this method is more subjective, easier
to observe, but harder to analyze. This type of method would be
best used if you will be conducting interviews or using focus
groups. This method is also preferable if your study includes
observations. Oftentimes research will have a mixture of both.
In the research topic that I have chosen is “Hillsborough Sheriff
releases 164 county Jail Inmates to reduce Coronavirus Risk”
From this base issue springs forth a plethora of COVID-19 and
correctional dept issues. My research will focus on the COVID-
19 pandemic and our Department of Corrections. I will research
how the pandemic has affected our dept of correction using
several key prisons as my case study. In my research, I will use
a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods
which would technically fall under mixed methods. My research
will be explorative but will involve some surveys and the use of

existing prison data. The three hypothesis that I will look to test
are (1) Prison overcrowding is a major contributor to the high
infectious rate. (2) Inmate health care after early release is
basically non-existent. (3) There is Racial Bias in the process of
who gets early release or decarceration.
Part II
As stated above I will use the mixed method model of research
when conducting my research. I will use this model because
with the type of research that I will be conducting, I will be
gathering data that already exists and data and analyzing
policies and procedures I will also be using percentages and
ratios to give account for the high infectious rate. I chose this
method because it will best serve to get the answers I need to
prove my hypothesis. This along with the Meta-analysis method
because this research will require analyzing the results of
several studies and inquires that will be looked at and these
combined results will lead to generalizations regarding my
variables
Maxfield, MG & Babbie, E.R. (2018). Research methods for
criminal justice and criminology. Boston MA.: Cengage
Learning.

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