Exercise 6
What are the frequency and percentage of the COPD patients in the severe airflow limitation group who are employed in the Eckerblad et al. (2014) study?
What percentage of the total sample is retired? What percentage of the total sample is on sick leave?
What is the total sample size of this study? What frequency and percentage of the total sample were still employed? Show your calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole percent.
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Exercise 6
What are the frequency and percentage of the COPD patients in the severe airflow limitation group who are employed in the Eckerblad et al. (2014) study?
Hlt 362 v Exceptional Education / snaptutorial.comBaileya62
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Exercise 6
What are the frequency and percentage of the COPD patients in the severe airflow limitation group who are employed in the Eckerblad et al. (2014) study?
What percentage of the total sample is retired? What percentage of the total
Hlt 362 v Believe Possibilities / snaptutorial.comStokesCope25
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Exercise 6
What are the frequency and percentage of the COPD patients in the severe airflow limitation group who are employed in the Eckerblad et al. (2014) study?
What percentage of the total sample is retired? What percentage of the total sample is on sick leave?
What is the total sample size of this study? What frequency and percentage of the total sample were still employed? Show your calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole percent.
Hlt 362 v Enhance teaching-snaptutorial.comrobertleew24
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Exercise 6
What are the frequency and percentage of the COPD patients in the severe airflow limitation group who are employed in the Eckerblad et al. (2014) study?
What percentage of the total sample is retired? What percentage of the total sample is on sick leave?
For more course tutorials visit
www.tutorialrank.com
Exercise 6
What are the frequency and percentage of the COPD patients in the severe airflow limitation group who are employed in the Eckerblad et al. (2014) study?
What percentage of the total sample is retired? What percentage of the total sample is on sick leave?
What is the total sample size of this study? What frequency and percentage of the total sample were still
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Exercise 6
What are the frequency and percentage of the COPD patients in the severe airflow limitation group who are employed in the Eckerblad et al. (2014) study?
Hlt 362 v Exceptional Education / snaptutorial.comBaileya62
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Exercise 6
What are the frequency and percentage of the COPD patients in the severe airflow limitation group who are employed in the Eckerblad et al. (2014) study?
What percentage of the total sample is retired? What percentage of the total
Hlt 362 v Believe Possibilities / snaptutorial.comStokesCope25
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Exercise 6
What are the frequency and percentage of the COPD patients in the severe airflow limitation group who are employed in the Eckerblad et al. (2014) study?
What percentage of the total sample is retired? What percentage of the total sample is on sick leave?
What is the total sample size of this study? What frequency and percentage of the total sample were still employed? Show your calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole percent.
Hlt 362 v Enhance teaching-snaptutorial.comrobertleew24
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Exercise 6
What are the frequency and percentage of the COPD patients in the severe airflow limitation group who are employed in the Eckerblad et al. (2014) study?
What percentage of the total sample is retired? What percentage of the total sample is on sick leave?
For more course tutorials visit
www.tutorialrank.com
Exercise 6
What are the frequency and percentage of the COPD patients in the severe airflow limitation group who are employed in the Eckerblad et al. (2014) study?
What percentage of the total sample is retired? What percentage of the total sample is on sick leave?
What is the total sample size of this study? What frequency and percentage of the total sample were still
We all know that individuals with fasd fulfil the requirements for DSM mental health diagnoses, usually receiving multiple DSM diagnoses.
So, it is not surprising that the more the behavioural mental health diagnoses are explored, beyond their own behavioural criteria, the more commonalities are found: in this case “delay discounting”.
However, there is already a term that is being used, Stuck In Set Perseveration.
See, The Lens by Which Those Afflicted with FASD Interpret their Relationship and Environment. XXXIVth International Congress on Law and Mental Health. Vienna, 2015.
Article in Division 29's journal, psychotherapy that reviews the research on routine outcome monitoring, arguing that current efforts are at risk for repeating the history of failed efforts to improve the outcome of psychotherapy.
Summary of current research on routine outcome measurement, feedback, the validity, reliability, and effectiveness of the ORS and SRS (or PCOMS Outcome Management System)
Understanding Oncology Nurses’ Grief: A Qualitative Meta-AnalysisLisa Barbour
Barbour, L. C. (2016, September 16-18). Understanding oncology nurses’ grief: A qualitative meta-analysis. A presentation at the Athabasca University 2016 Graduate Student Conference, Edmonton, AB.
Title:
A Meta-Analysis of Adventure Therapy Outcomes and Moderators
Abstract:
This presentation reports on a meta-analytic review of 197 studies of adventure therapy participant outcomes (2,908 effect sizes, 206 unique samples). The short-term effect size for adventure therapy was moderate (g = .47) and larger than for alternative (.14) and no treatment (.08) comparison groups. There was little change during the lead-up (.09) and follow-up periods (.03) for adventure therapy, indicating long-term maintenance of the short-term gains. The short-term adventure therapy outcomes were significant for seven out of the eight outcome categories, with the strongest effects for clinical and self-concept measures, and the smallest effects for spirituality/morality. The only significant moderator of outcomes was a positive relationship with participant age.
References:
Bowen, D. J., & Neill, J. T. (2013). A meta-analysis of adventure therapy outcomes and moderators. The Open Psychology Journal, 6, 28-53. doi: 10.2174/1874350120130802001
Bowen, D. J., & Neill, J. T. (2013). A meta-analysis of adventure therapy outcomes and moderators: Pre-post adventure therapy age-based benchmarks for outcome categories. Retrieved from http://www.danielbowen.com.au/meta-analysis
For more information, see: http://www.danielbowen.com.au/meta-analysis
DNP-816 Analysis & Applic of Health Data for ANPSTATISTICS QUIZ.docxgreg1eden90113
DNP-816: Analysis & Applic of Health Data for ANP
STATISTICS QUIZE
1. Which of the following research designs includes both an intervention and randomization?
Group of answer choices
Grounded theory research
Non-experimental research
Time series design
Experimental research
2. What is the initial question the researcher should ask when selecting a research design for a particular study?
Group of answer choices
What is the norm in the research topic area?
What type of data analysis techniques will be used?
What instruments will be used to measure the variables in the study?
What is the primary purpose of the study?
3. Which of the following research questions is the appropriate question for a correlational research design?
Group of answer choices
What is the experience of women with hyperthyroidism and resolution of sypmtoms after treatment?
What is the relationship between amount of exercise/week and arthralgia in women with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer who are being treated with an aromatase inhibitor?
What is the prevalence of heroin addiction amongst adults ages 18-45 in the Greater Cincinnati region?
In patients undergoing a total hip arthroplasty, which of the following treatments is most effective in the decolonization of MRSA: preoperative povidone iodine or posteroperative mupirocin?
4. Match the types of quantitative research listed below with the sample study titles.
Group of answer choices
Descriptive research
Correlational research
Quasi-experimental research
Experimental research
5. Bias is a term used to indicate that data in a study are being distorted or slanted away from reality by some influencing factor. Which of the following is true about bias in research?
Group of answer choices
Instruments that are valid for measuring the identified variables are a source of bias.
The researcher can not be a source of bias in a study because he/she is in control
Preconcieved ideas about what the finding of a study will be may lead to bias in intrepreting data.
It is the same as manipulation because the researcher determines the treatment to be given.
6. Manipulation is a term used in quasi and experimental research to mean:
Group of answer choices
An underhanded strategy designed to make subject behave as the researcher wants them to.
Controlling the environment in which the research takes place
An intervention or treatment introduced by the researcher to assess its impact on the dependent variable.
The ability of the researcher to be able to handle or use the equpiment needed to collect data in the study
7. We do not know whether the pattern of results found in our samples accurately reflects what is happening in the population or if it is the result of what type of error?
Group of answer choices
Representative
Distribution
Sampling
Mean
8. Extraneous variables may be controlled by:
Group of answer choices
Using a natural clinical setting
Selecting individuals that are relatively alike in relation to var.
We all know that individuals with fasd fulfil the requirements for DSM mental health diagnoses, usually receiving multiple DSM diagnoses.
So, it is not surprising that the more the behavioural mental health diagnoses are explored, beyond their own behavioural criteria, the more commonalities are found: in this case “delay discounting”.
However, there is already a term that is being used, Stuck In Set Perseveration.
See, The Lens by Which Those Afflicted with FASD Interpret their Relationship and Environment. XXXIVth International Congress on Law and Mental Health. Vienna, 2015.
Article in Division 29's journal, psychotherapy that reviews the research on routine outcome monitoring, arguing that current efforts are at risk for repeating the history of failed efforts to improve the outcome of psychotherapy.
Summary of current research on routine outcome measurement, feedback, the validity, reliability, and effectiveness of the ORS and SRS (or PCOMS Outcome Management System)
Understanding Oncology Nurses’ Grief: A Qualitative Meta-AnalysisLisa Barbour
Barbour, L. C. (2016, September 16-18). Understanding oncology nurses’ grief: A qualitative meta-analysis. A presentation at the Athabasca University 2016 Graduate Student Conference, Edmonton, AB.
Title:
A Meta-Analysis of Adventure Therapy Outcomes and Moderators
Abstract:
This presentation reports on a meta-analytic review of 197 studies of adventure therapy participant outcomes (2,908 effect sizes, 206 unique samples). The short-term effect size for adventure therapy was moderate (g = .47) and larger than for alternative (.14) and no treatment (.08) comparison groups. There was little change during the lead-up (.09) and follow-up periods (.03) for adventure therapy, indicating long-term maintenance of the short-term gains. The short-term adventure therapy outcomes were significant for seven out of the eight outcome categories, with the strongest effects for clinical and self-concept measures, and the smallest effects for spirituality/morality. The only significant moderator of outcomes was a positive relationship with participant age.
References:
Bowen, D. J., & Neill, J. T. (2013). A meta-analysis of adventure therapy outcomes and moderators. The Open Psychology Journal, 6, 28-53. doi: 10.2174/1874350120130802001
Bowen, D. J., & Neill, J. T. (2013). A meta-analysis of adventure therapy outcomes and moderators: Pre-post adventure therapy age-based benchmarks for outcome categories. Retrieved from http://www.danielbowen.com.au/meta-analysis
For more information, see: http://www.danielbowen.com.au/meta-analysis
DNP-816 Analysis & Applic of Health Data for ANPSTATISTICS QUIZ.docxgreg1eden90113
DNP-816: Analysis & Applic of Health Data for ANP
STATISTICS QUIZE
1. Which of the following research designs includes both an intervention and randomization?
Group of answer choices
Grounded theory research
Non-experimental research
Time series design
Experimental research
2. What is the initial question the researcher should ask when selecting a research design for a particular study?
Group of answer choices
What is the norm in the research topic area?
What type of data analysis techniques will be used?
What instruments will be used to measure the variables in the study?
What is the primary purpose of the study?
3. Which of the following research questions is the appropriate question for a correlational research design?
Group of answer choices
What is the experience of women with hyperthyroidism and resolution of sypmtoms after treatment?
What is the relationship between amount of exercise/week and arthralgia in women with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer who are being treated with an aromatase inhibitor?
What is the prevalence of heroin addiction amongst adults ages 18-45 in the Greater Cincinnati region?
In patients undergoing a total hip arthroplasty, which of the following treatments is most effective in the decolonization of MRSA: preoperative povidone iodine or posteroperative mupirocin?
4. Match the types of quantitative research listed below with the sample study titles.
Group of answer choices
Descriptive research
Correlational research
Quasi-experimental research
Experimental research
5. Bias is a term used to indicate that data in a study are being distorted or slanted away from reality by some influencing factor. Which of the following is true about bias in research?
Group of answer choices
Instruments that are valid for measuring the identified variables are a source of bias.
The researcher can not be a source of bias in a study because he/she is in control
Preconcieved ideas about what the finding of a study will be may lead to bias in intrepreting data.
It is the same as manipulation because the researcher determines the treatment to be given.
6. Manipulation is a term used in quasi and experimental research to mean:
Group of answer choices
An underhanded strategy designed to make subject behave as the researcher wants them to.
Controlling the environment in which the research takes place
An intervention or treatment introduced by the researcher to assess its impact on the dependent variable.
The ability of the researcher to be able to handle or use the equpiment needed to collect data in the study
7. We do not know whether the pattern of results found in our samples accurately reflects what is happening in the population or if it is the result of what type of error?
Group of answer choices
Representative
Distribution
Sampling
Mean
8. Extraneous variables may be controlled by:
Group of answer choices
Using a natural clinical setting
Selecting individuals that are relatively alike in relation to var.
Homework #3The information need for this assignment is already b.docxhoward4little59962
Homework #3
The information need for this assignment is already been done in a previous assignment #2 just need to add to the ongoing assignment.
#1 ASSIGNMENT
Assignment 2: LASA 1: Final Project: Early Methods Section
Due
Wednesday, April 12, 2017
.
In your final paper for this course, you will need to write a
Methods
section that is about 4 pages long where you will assess and evaluate the methods of research.
In preparation for this particular section, answer the following questions thoroughly and provide justification/support. The more complete and detailed your answers for these questions, the better prepared you are to successfully write your final paper.
Please submit your answers as a single 4- to 6-page document as a numbered list; this will ensure you do not inadvertently miss a question.
Additionally, please submit a title page and a reference page in proper APA format.
What is your research question?
What is your hypothesis or hypotheses? What is the null hypothesis?
How many participants would you like to use and why? What are the inclusion characteristics, i.e., what must they have in order to be included in your study (for example, gender, diagnosis, age, personality traits, etc.)? Are there any exclusion characteristics, i.e. are there certain characteristics that would exclude them from being in your study? Does the sample need to be diverse? Why or why not?
What sampling technique will be used to collect your sample? What population does your sample generalize to?
What are the variables in your study?
HINT:
Refer back to your hypothesis or hypotheses.
Provide operational definitions for each variable.
How will you measure each variable? Discuss the reliability and validity of these measures in general terms.
What technique will be used for data collection (e.g., observation, survey, interview, archival, etc.)?
What type of research design is being used?
Briefly discuss the procedure that would be followed when conducting the research.
What are some
POTENTIAL
ethical issues? How might they be addressed?
#2 THE EXAMPLE FOR THE ASSIGNMENT
Final Project: Early Method Section
Final Project:
Early Method Section
What is your research question?
My research question is “Does stress reduction efficacy vary between relaxation response treatment and mindfulness-based programs for female undergraduate students between the ages of 18-25?”
The research question is important because previous studies have only provided empirical evidence demonstrating the efficacy of each method on its own and a comparison of the methods within other controlled populations. Research has investigated the effects of these stress-reduction methods within specific subgroups of the population, but not within the population that is targeted in this study. It is also important because
the majority of research has focused on the effects of stress-reduction techniques on medical students, healthcare professionals, and undergraduate pr.
Problem 1123456Xf122437455763715813910106Name DateTopic.docxChantellPantoja184
Problem 1123456Xf122437455763715813910106
Name: Date:
Topic One: Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation
Please type your answer in the cell beside the question.
5. The following is the heart rate for 10 randomly selected patients on the unit. Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the data using the descriptive statistics option in the data analysis toolpak.
75, 80, 62, 97, 107, 59, 76, 83, 84, 69
6. The following is a frequency distribution fo the number of times patience use the call light in a days time. X is the number of times the call light is used and f is the frequency (meaning the number of patients). Create a histogram of the data.
Sheet2
Sheet3
EXERCISE 11 USING STATISTICS TO DESCRIBE A STUDY SAMPLE
STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE IN REVIEW
Most studies describe the subjects that comprise the study sample. This description of the sample is called the sample characteristics which may be presented in a table or the narrative of the article. The sample characteristics are often presented for each of the groups in a study (i.e. experimental and control groups). Descriptive statistics are used to generate sample characteristics, and the type of statistic used depends on the level of measurement of the demographic variables included in a study (Burns & Grove, 2007). For example, measuring gender produces nominal level data that can be described using frequencies, percentages, and mode. Measuring educational level usually produces ordinal data that can be described using frequencies, percentages, mode, median, and range. Obtaining each subject's specific age is an example of ratio data that can be described using mean, range, and standard deviation. Interval and ratio data are analyzed with the same type of statistics and are usually referred to as interval/ratio level data in this text.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Source: Troy, N. W., & Dalgas-Pelish, P. (2003). The effectiveness of a self-care intervention for the management of postpartum fatigue. Applied Nursing Research, 16 (1), 38–45.
Introduction
Troy and Dalgas-Pelish (2003) conducted a quasi-experimental study to determine the effectiveness of a self-care intervention (Tiredness Management Guide [TMG]) on postpartum fatigue. The study subjects included 68 primiparous mothers, who were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (32 subjects) or the control group (36 subjects) using a computer program. The results of the study indicated that the TMG was effective in reducing levels of morning postpartum fatigue from the 2nd to 4th weeks postpartum. These researchers recommend that “mothers need to be informed that they will probably experience postpartum fatigue and be taught to assess and manage this phenomenon” (Troy & Dalgas-Pelish, 2003, pp. 44-5).
Relevant Study Results
“A total of 80 women were initially enrolled [in the study] … twelve of these women dropped out of the study resulting in a final sample of 68.” (Troy & Dalgas-Pelish, 2003, p. 39). The researchers presen.
1. Which choices below best reflect the problem statement for the TatianaMajor22
1. Which choices below best reflect the problem statement for the instructor-assigned article?
Not only does labor pain have negative effects on pregnant women and fetuses, women’s psychological and emotional states have a great effect on levels of perceived pain.
There is a limited number of studies regarding labor dance.
This study was conducted to determine the effects of labor dance on perceived labor pain, birth satisfaction, and neonatal outcomes.
A labor dance that a pregnant woman performs with her partner reduces perceived pain
and increases the woman’s satisfaction with birth.
2. Which of the choices below best reflects the purpose statement for the instructor assigned article?
Not only does labor pain have negative effects on pregnant women and fetuses, women’s psychological and emotional states have a great effect on levels of perceived pain.
There is a limited number of studies regarding labor dance.
This study was conducted to determine the effects of labor dance on perceived labor pain, birth satisfaction, and neonatal outcomes.
A labor dance that a pregnant woman performs with her partner reduces perceived pain
and increases the woman’s satisfaction with birth.
3. According to Grove & Gray (2019), which of the following statements is important when considering the significance and relevance of a study's problem and purpose?
Does it predict the non-significant findings anticipated in the study?
Does it specifically influence nursing education in university settings?
Does it identify the future research to be generated by the study?
Does it promote theory testing or development?
Does it identify extraneous variables?
4. When considering the feasibility of a study's problem and purpose, Grove & Gray (2019) suggest that several areas should be evaluated, including: researcher expertise, money commitment, ethical considerations, and availability of subjects, facilities, and equipment. Which of the following statements accurately assesses the feasibility of this article?
(Select all that apply.)
Funding sources for the study were clearly identified in the article.
The author's credentials to design and conduct research are described.
Evidence of protection of the subjects' rights was mentioned in this article.
100% of the eligible subjects contacted participated in the study.
5. According to Grove & Gray (2019), which one of the following is NOT a major purpose of the review of literature (ROL):
Describing the current knowledge of the practice problem
Identifying gaps in the knowledge base of the practice problem
Explaining how the current study contributes to the knowledge being built
To explain the reasons behind the selection of the statistics used in the study.
6. Select two MAJOR topics covered in the review of literature (ROL) from the list below:
This experimental and prospective study aims to evaluate the effects of labor dance.
Labor pain has major effects on both mother and fetus.
Patients were excluded if they under ...
Neurodevelopmental Treatment and Cerebral Palsy- Researchda5884
An alternative description of my Critically Appraised Topic on Neurodevelopmental treatment when used on children with cerebral palsy. This presentation focuses more on the process of the research.
-APA-825words-No plagiarism, will check with turnitinjolleybendicty
-APA
-825words
-No plagiarism, will check with turnitin
Introduction to Clinical Epidemiology (401173)
FINAL ASSIGNMENT
Autumn, 2019
Due date: 11.59pm , May 29 2019
This assignment is based on the learning objectives and concepts as described in the Unit Learning Guide. There are 9 questions worth a total of 64 marks and this assignment will contribute 64% towards the total assessment for this subject.
Your assignment should be typed, with adequate space left between questions. Assignments should be submitted via vUWS. Be as concise as possible in your answers, and use the number of marks allocated to each question as a guide for how much to write.
Please note this is an individual exercise.
Late assignments will not be accepted without prior approval.
You are required to answer ALL questions (1-9)
Page 1 of 7
Answer questions 1-2 based on the following scenarios:
Q1: Fred, a 65-year-old obese man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension presents to the GP practice for a follow-up appointment. During the consultation, he asks whether there is a better medication to glicazide and metformin, his oral hypoglycemic medications, which he has been taking to control his blood sugar. His friend has recently been put on a newer oral hypoglycemic medication (Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue), which has been shown to help with weight management in patients with diabetes and obesity. Fred has been finding it very difficult to lose weight for a few years now as he has tried various lifestyle modifications. He asks whether the new oral hypoglycemic medications could be an option for him in weight reduction.
Task [2 marks]
a. Write a focused research question for this particular problem that will help you organise a search of the literature for an answer (use the PICO elements as appropriate).
b. Identify the PICO elements in your research question
Q2: In the past 2 years, as an Infectious Disease Specialist in one of the tertiary hospitals in Australia, you have attended to 23 migrant patients who were referred by their General Practitioners with symptoms not typical of pulmonary tuberculosis. After taking a detailed history and performing appropriate physical examinations, as well as reviewing a range of relevant investigations, you clinically diagnosed and microbiologically confirmed that those patients have multi-drug resistance pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The Public Health Department was notified of disease and the patients were managed accordingly. Now, you and some colleagues from Western Sydney University want to investigate the risk factors for MDR-TB.
Task [2 marks]
a. Write a focused research question for this particular problem that will help you organise a search of the literature for an answer (use the PICO elements as appropriate).
b. Identify the PICO elements in your research question
...
1. The research purpose questions addressed in the studies1.What.docxambersalomon88660
1. The research purpose questions addressed in the studies
1.What is the highest grade you have completed?
2. Do you have someone who stays with you in the hospital? Why? How much of the time (%)?
3. Do the members of the health care team appear familiar with your condition and treatment?
4. Are you familiar with what medications you are receiving?
5. Are you receiving your medications on schedule?
6. Before you have a procedure (such as having blood drawn, going for an X-ray, receiving medications) do the staff use some ways to validate (identify) who you are?
7. Do the staff wash their hands before they work with you?
8. Have you experienced an error or a near mistake? Was it resolved? How?
9. Do you believe that your concerns are being heard and understood?
10. Has your physician explained your course of treatment?
11. Does all of the equipment in your room seem to work properly?
12. Would you recommend this hospital to your family and friends?
13. How long does it usually take for someone to respond to your call light?
14. What have you been told or heard about safety in this or other hospitals?
15. What do you do if you suspect a problem?
16. Who on your team would you be most comfortable reporting a problem to?
17. What measures do you believe are in place to help avoid errors in the hospital?
18. How do you participate in your or loved one’s care to ensure safety during this hospital stay?
19. If you are susceptible to falling, what precautions have been taken by the hospital?
20. Do you know what treatment you will receive today and when?
21. How much control do you believe you have over your care in the hospital? (1–10)
22. How safe have you (or you as a care giver) felt during this hospital stay? (1–10)
23. How comfortable are you reporting a problems to someone on the health care team? (1–10)
24. What are three words that describe your hospital stay?
The research questions asked to the nurses are:
1. How many years of experience do you have in nursing?
2. 2. Is patient safety a top priority?
3. 3. What training in patient safety have you received?
4. 4. Has it been adequate?
5. 5. Do you feel that the employees who you work with are adequately trained?
6. 6. In general, do you believe that your co-workers take action to correct hazards they find?
7. 7. What do you do if you are concerned about another employee’s practice of safety procedures?
8. What are the top three things that you routinely do to make the patient’s stay safer?
9. What aspects of patient safety concern you the most?
10. How do you report a risky situation or actual error? Can you give me an example of what you thought was a “risky situation”?
11. What are the benefits and downsides of reporting errors or risky situations?
12. If a patient or family member questions what you are doing, how do you respond?
13. During the last 5 years what changes have you seen that you think have made the hospital safer?
14. How long does it take for you to respond to a call light?.
Why bother with evidence-based practice?PaulGlasziou
An introduction to evidence-based medicine (EBM) with short section in history and why EBM? Then a brief overview of the 4 steps of EBM.
These slides have been used for starting a 1-day workshops in EBM
This lecture looks at:
- An explanation of each of the steps in the research process flowchart
- Types of data
- Generating and testing theories
- Measurement error
- Validity
- Reliability
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Hlt 362 v Effective Communication / snaptutorial.com
1. HLT 362V Week 1 Assignment Workbook
Exercise 6, 8, 9, 11, 16, 27 NEW
For more classes visit
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Exercise 6
What are the frequency and percentage of the COPD patients in the
severe airflow limitation group who are employed in the Eckerblad et al.
(2014) study?
What percentage of the total sample is retired? What percentage of the
total sample is on sick leave?
What is the total sample size of this study? What frequency and
percentage of the total sample were still employed? Show your
calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole percent.
What is the total percentage of the sample with a smoking history—
either still smoking or former smokers? Is the smoking history for study
participants clinically important? Provide a rationale for your answer.
What are pack years of smoking? Is there a significant difference
between the moderate and severe airflow limitation groups regarding
pack years of smoking? Provide a rationale for your answer.
2. What were the four most common psychological symptoms reported by
this sample of patients with COPD?
What percentage of these subjects experienced these symptoms? Was
there a significant difference between the moderate and severe airflow
limitation groups for psychological symptoms?
What frequency and percentage of the total sample used short-acting β 2
-agonists? Show your calculations and round to the nearest whole
percent.
Is there a significant difference between the moderate and severe airflow
limitation groups regarding the use of short-acting β 2 -agonists?
Provide a rationale for your answer.
Was the percentage of COPD patients with moderate and severe airflow
limitation using short-acting β 2 -agonists what you expected? Provide a
rationale with documentation for your answer.
Are these findings ready for use in practice? Provide a rationale for your
answer.
Exercise 8
The number of nursing students enrolled in a particular nursing program
between the years of 2010 and 2016, respectively, were 563, 593, 606,
520, 563, 610, and 577. Determine the mean ( X ), median ( MD ), and
mode of the number of the nursing students enrolled in this program.
Show your calculations.
What is the mode for the variable inpatient complications in Table 2 of
the Winkler et al. (2014) study? What percentage of the study
participants had this complication?
3. Does the distribution of inpatient complications have a single mode, or
is this distribution bimodal or multimodal? Provide a rationale for your
answer.
4. As reported in Table 1 , what are the three most common
cardiovascular medical history events in this study, and why is it
clinically important to know the frequency of these events?
What are the mean and median lengths of stay (LOS) for the study
participants?
Are the mean and median for LOS similar or different? What might this
indicate about the distribution of the sample? Provide a rationale for
your answer.
Examine the study results and determine the mode for arrhythmias
experienced by the partici-pants. What was the second most common
arrhythmia in this sample?
Was the most common arrhythmia in Question 7 related to LOS? Was
this result statistically significant? Provide a rationale for your answer.
What study variables were independently predictive of the 50 premature
ventricular contractions (PVCs) per hour in this study?
In Table 1 , what race is the mode for this sample? Should these study fi
ndings be generalized to American Indians with ACS? Provide a
rationale for your answer.
Exercise 9
What were the name and type of measurement method used to measure
Caring Practices in the Roch, Dubois, and Clarke (2014) study?
4. The data collected with the scale identified in Questions 1 were at what
level of measurement? Provide a rationale for your answer.
What were the subscales included in the CNPISS used to measure RNs ’
perceptions of their Caring Practices? Do these subscales seem relevant?
Document your answer.
Which subscale for Caring Practices had the lowest mean? What does
this result indicate?
What were the dispersion results for the Relational Care subscale of the
Caring Practices in Table 2 ? What do these results indicate?
Which subscale of Caring Practices has the lowest dispersion or
variation of scores? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Which subscale of Caring Practices had the highest mean? What do
these results indicate?
Compare the Overall rating for Organizational Climate with the Overall
rating of Caring Practices. What do these results indicate?
The response rate for the survey in this study was 45%. Is this a study
strength or limitation? Provide a rationale for your answer.
What conclusions did the researchers make regarding the caring
practices of the nurses in this study? How might these results affect your
practice?
Exercise 11
What demographic variables were measured at least at the interval level
of measurement?
5. **************************************************
What statistics were used to describe the length of labor in this study?
Were these appropriate?
What other statistic could have been used to describe the length of
labor? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Were the distributions of scores similar for the experimental and control
groups for the length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Were the experimental and control groups similar in their type of
feeding? Provide a rationale for your answer.
What was the marital status mode for the subjects in the experimental
and control groups? Provide both the frequency and percentage for the
marital status mode for both groups.
Could a median be determined for the education data? If so, what would
the median be for education for the experimental and the control groups?
Provide a rationale for your answer.
Can the findings from this study be generalized to Black women?
Provide a rationale for your answer.
If there were 32 subjects in the experimental group and 36 subjects in
the control group, why is the income data only reported for 30 subjects
in the experimental group and 34 subjects in the control group?
6. Was the sample for this study adequately described? Provide a rationale
for your answer.
Exercise 16
The researchers analyzed the data they collected as though it were at
what level of measurement?
1. Nominal
2. Ordinal
3. Interval/ratio
4. Experimental
What was the mean posttest empowerment score for the control group?
Compare the mean baseline and posttest depression scores of the
experimental group. Was this an expected finding? Provide a rationale
for your answer.
Compare the mean baseline and posttest depression scores of the control
group. Do these scores strengthen or weaken the validity of the research
results? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Which group’s test scores had the least amount of variability or
dispersion? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Did the empowerment variable or self-care self-efficacy variable
demonstrate the greatest amount of dispersion? Provide a rationale for
your answer.
7. The mean (X ̅) is a measure of a distribution while the SD is a measure
of its scores. Both X ̅ and SD are statistics.
What was the mean severity for renal disease for the research subjects?
What was the dispersion or variability of the renal disease severity
scores? Did the severity scores vary significantly between the control
and the experimental groups? Is this important? Provide a rationale for
your answer.
Which variable was least affected by the empowerment program?
Provide a rationale for your answer.
Was it important for the researchers to include the total means and SDs
for the study variables in Table 2 to promote the readers’ understanding
of the study results? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Exercise 27
What is the mean age of the sample data?
What percentage of patients never used tobacco?
What is the standard deviation for age?
Are there outliers among the values of age? Provide a rationale for your
answer.
What is the range of age values?
What percentage of patients were taking infliximab?
What percentage of patients had rheumatoid arthritis as their primary
diagnosis?
8. What percentage of patients had irritable bowel syndrome as their
primary diagnosis?
What is the 95% CI for age?
What percentage of patients had psoriatic arthritis as their primary
diagnosis?
**************************************************
HLT 362V Week 1 Discussion Question 1 How
Can Graphics and Statistics be Used to
Misrepresent Data NEW
For more classes visit
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How can graphics and/or statistics be used to misrepresent data? Where
have you seen this done?
9. **************************************************
HLT 362V Week 1 Discussion Question 2 What
Are The Characteristics Of A Population NEW
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What are the characteristics of a population for which it would be
appropriate to use mean/median/mode? When would the characteristics
of a population make them inappropriate to use?
**************************************************
HLT 362V Week 2 Assignment Workbook
Exercise 10,18, 26 NEW
10. For more classes visit
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Exercise # 10
What demographic variables were measured at the nominal level of
measurement in the Oh et al. (2014) study? Provide a rationale for your
answer.
What statistics were calculated to describe body mass index (BMI) in
this study? Were these appropriate? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Were the distributions of scores for BMI similar for the intervention and
control groups? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Was there a significant difference in BMI between the intervention and
control groups? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Based on the sample size of N = 41, what frequency and percentage of
the sample smoked? What frequency and percentage of the sample were
nondrinkers (alcohol)? Show your calculations and round to the nearest
whole percent.
What measurement method was used to measure the bone mineral
density (BMD) for the study participants? Discuss the quality of this
measurement method and document your response.
What statistic was calculated to determine differences between the
intervention and control groups for the lumbar and femur neck BMDs?
Were the groups significantly different for BMDs?
11. The researchers stated that there were no significant differences in the
baseline characteristics of the intervention and control groups (see Table
2). Are these groups heterogeneous or homogeneous at the beginning of
the study? Why is this important in testing the effectiveness of the
therapeutic lifestyle modification (TLM) program?
Oh et al. (2014, p. 296) stated that “the adherence rate to the TLM
program was 99.6%.” Discuss the importance of intervention adherence,
and document your response.
Was the sample for this study adequately described? Provide a rationale
for your answer.
Exercise # 18
Assuming that the distribution is normal for weight relative to the ideal
and 99% of the male participants scored between (–53.68, 64.64), where
did 95% of the values for weight relative to the ideal lie? Round your
answer to two decimal places.
Which of the following values from Table 1 tells us about variability of
the scores in a distribution? a. 60.22
b. 11.94 c. 22.57 d. 53.66
Assuming that the distribution for General Health Perceptions is normal,
95% of the females’ scores around the mean were between what values?
Round your answer to two decimal places.
Assuming that the distribution of scores for Pain is normal, 95% of the
men’s scores around the mean were between what two values? Round
your answer to two decimal places.
12. Were the body image scores significantly different for women versus
men? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Assuming that the distribution of Mental Health scores for men is
normal, where are 99% of the men’s mental health scores around the
mean in this distribution? Round your answer to two decimal places.
Assuming that the distribution of scores for Physical Functioning in
women is normal, where are 99%of the women’s scores around the
mean in this distribution? Round your answer to two decimal places.
Assuming that the distribution of scores is normal, 99% of HIV-positive
body image scores around the mean were between what two values?
Round your answer to two decimal places.
Assuming that the distribution of scores for Role Functioning is normal,
99% of the men’s scores around the mean were between what values?
Round your answer to two decimal places.
What are some of the limitations of this study that decrease the potential
for generalizing the findings to the target population?
Exercise # 26
Plot the frequency distribution for “Age at Enrollment” by hand or by
using SPSS.
How would you characterize the skewness of the distribution in
Question 1—positively skewed, negatively skewed, or approximately
normal? Provide a rationale for your answer.
13. Compare the original skewness statistic and Shapiro-Wilk statistic with
those of the smaller dataset (n = 15) for the variable “Age at First
Arrest.” How did the statistics change, and how would you explain these
differences?
Plot the frequency distribution for “Years of Education” by hand or by
using SPSS.
How would you characterize the kurtosis of the distribution in Question
4————, mesokurtic, or platykurtic? Provide a rationale for your
answer.
What is the skewness statistic for “Age at Enrollment”? How would you
characterize the magnitude of the skewness statistic for “Age at
Enrollment”?
What is the kurtosis statistic for “Years of Education”? How would you
characterize the magnitude of kurtosis for “Years of Education”?
Using SPSS, compute the Shapiro-Wilk statistic for “Number of Times
Fired from Job.” What would you conclude from the results?
In the SPSS output table titled “Tests of Normality,” the Shapiro-Wilk
statistic is reported along with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic. Why
is the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic inappropriate to report for these
example data?
How would you explain the skewness statistic for a particular frequency
distribution being low and the Shapiro-Wilk statistic still being
significant at p < 0.05?
**************************************************
14. HLT 362V Week 2 Discussion Question 1
Explain The Importance Of Random Sampling
NEW
For more classes visit
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Explain the importance of random sampling. What problems/limitations
could prevent a truly random sampling and how can they be prevented?
**************************************************
HLT 362V Week 2 Discussion Question 2 How
Large Would Your Population NEW
15. For more classes visit
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How large would your population have to be for a sample to be
appropriate (i.e., rather than measuring the whole population)?
**************************************************
HLT 362V Week 3 Assignment Workbook
Exercise 16, 17, 20, 31 and 32 NEW
For more classes visit
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Exercise # 16: Understanding Independent Samples t-Test
What do degrees of freedom (df ) mean? Canbulat et al. (2015) did not
provide the dfs in their study. Why is it important to know the df for a t
ratio? Using the df formula, calculate the df for this study.
16. What are the means and standard deviations (SDs) for age for the Buzzy
intervention and control groups? What statistical analysis is conducted to
determine the difference in means for age for the two groups? Was this
an appropriate analysis technique? Provide a rationale for your answer.
What are the t value and p value for age? What do these results mean?
What are the assumptions for conducting the independent samples t-test?
Are the groups in this study independent or dependent? Provide a
rationale for your answer.
What is the null hypothesis for procedural self-reported pain measured
with the Wong Baker Faces Scale (WBFS) for the two groups? Was this
null hypothesis accepted or rejected in this study? Provide a rationale for
your answer.
Should a Bonferroni procedure be conducted in this study? Provide a
rationale for your answer.
What variable has a result of t = −6.135, p = 0.000? What does this
result mean?
In your opinion, is it an expected or unexpected finding that both t
values on Table 2 were found to be statistically significant. Provide a
rationale for your answer.
Describe one potential clinical benefit for pediatric patients to receive
the Buzzy intervention that combined cold and vibration during IV
insertion.
Exercise # 17
17. Understanding Paired or Dependent Samples t-Test
What are the assumptions for conducting a paired or dependent samples
t-test in a study? Which of these assumptions do you think were met by
the Lindseth et al. (2014) study?
In the introduction, Lindseth et al. (2014) described a “2-week washout
between diets.” What does this mean? Why is this important?
What is the paired t-test value for mood (irritability) between the
participants’ consump¬tion of high- versus low-aspartame diets? Is the
result statistically significant? Provide a rationale for your answer.
State the null hypothesis for mood (irritability) that was tested in this
study. Was this hypothesis accepted or rejected? Provide a rationale for
your answer.
Which t value in Table 2 represents the greatest relative or standardized
difference between the high- and low-aspartame diets? Is this t value
statistically significant? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Discuss why the larger t values are more likely to be statistically
significant.
Discuss the meaning of the results regarding depression for this study.
What is the clinical importance of this result?
What is the smallest, paired t-test value in Table 2? Why do you think
the smaller t values are not statistically significant?
Discuss the statistical and clinical importance of these study results
about the consump¬tion of aspartame. Document your answer with a
relevant source.
18. Are these study findings related to the consumption of high- and low-
aspartame diets ready for implementation in practice? Provide a
rationale for your answer.
Exercise # 20
Which patient scored the highest on the preoperative CVLT
Acquisition? What was his or her T score?
Which patient scored the lowest on postoperative CVLT Retrieval?
What was this patient’s T score?
Did the patient in Question 2 have more of a memory performance
decline than average on the CVLT Retrieval? Provide a rationale for
your answer.
What is the mean ( ) and standard deviation (SD) for preoperative T
score for CVLT Acquisition?
Is the preoperative Retrieval T score for Patient 5 above or below the
mean for the norm of the group? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Assuming that the distribution of the preoperative CVLT Retrieval T
scores is normal, the middle 68% of the patients had T scores between
what two values?
Assuming that the distribution of scores for the postoperative CVLT
Retrieval T scores is normal, the middle 68% of the patients had T
scores between what two values?
The researchers state that it appears that the functional integrity of the
left temporal lobe, despite evidence of structural abnormality, plays a
considerable role when it comes to memory outcomes following left
19. ATL. Can the findings from this study be generalized to a larger
population? Provide a rationale for your answer.
If a patient had a raw score = 30, what would his/her postoperative
CVLT Retrieval T score be?
Did patients demonstrate more postoperative memory declines among
CVLT Retrieval T scores than CVLT Acquisition T scores?
Provide a rationale for your answer.
Exercise # 31: Calculating t-tests for Independent Samples
Do the example data meet the assumptions for the independent samples
t-test? Provide a rationale for your answer.
If calculating by hand, draw the frequency distributions of the dependent
variable, wages earned. What is the shape of the distribution? If using
SPSS, what is the result of the Shapiro-Wilk test of normality for the
dependent variable?
What are the means for two group’s wages earned?
What is the independent samples t-test value?
Is the t-test significant at a = 0.05? Specify how you arrived at your
answer.
If using SPSS, what is the exact likelihood of obtaining a t-test value at
least as extreme or as close to the one that was actually observed,
assuming that the null hypothesis is true?
Which group earned the most money post-treatment?
Write your interpretation of the results, as you would in an APA-
formatted journal.
20. What do the results indicate regarding the impact of the supported
employment voca¬tional rehabilitation on wages earned?
Was the sample size adequate to detect significant differences between
the two groups in this example? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Exercise # 32: Calculating t-tests for Paired (Dependent) Samples
Do the data meet the assumptions for the paired samples t-test? Provide
a rationale for your
If calculating by hand, draw the frequency distributions of the two
variables. What are the shapes of the distributions? If using SPSS, what
are the results of the Shapiro-Wilk tests of normality for the two
variables?
What are the means for the baseline and post-treatment affective distress
scores, respectively?
What is the paired samples t-test value?
Is the t-test significant at α = 0.05? Specify how you arrived at your
answer.
If using SPSS, what is the exact likelihood of obtaining a t-test value at
least as extreme as or as close to the one that was actually observed,
assuming that the null hypothesis is true?
On average, did the affective distress scores improve or deteriorate over
time? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Write your interpretation of the results as you would in an APA-
formatted journal.
What do the results indicate regarding the impact of the rehabilitation on
emotional dis¬tress levels?
21. What are the weaknesses of the design in this example?
**************************************************
HLT 362V Week 3 Discussion Question 1
Explain When a Z-Test Would Be Appropriate
Over a T-Test NEW
For more classes visit
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Explain when a z-test would be appropriate over a t-test.
HLT 362V Week 3 Discussion Question 2
Researchers Routinely Choose An α-Level of
0.05 For Testing Their Hypotheses NEW
22. For more classes visit
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Researchers routinely choose an α-level of 0.05 for testing their
hypotheses. What are some experiments for which you might want a
lower α -level (e.g. 0.01)? What are some situations in which you might
accept a higher level (e.g. 0.1)?
**************************************************
HLT 362V Week 4 Assignment Workbook
Exercise 18, 33 and 36 NEW
For more classes visit
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23. Mayland et al. (2014) do not provide the degrees of freedom (df) in their
study. Use the degrees of freedom formulas provided at the beginning of
this exercise to calculate the group df and the error df.
What is the F value and p value for spiritual need—patient? What do
these results mean?
What is the post hoc result for facilities for the hospital with LCP vs. the
hospital without LCP (see Table 2)? Is this result statistically
significant? In your opinion, is this an expected finding?
What are the assumptions for use of ANOVA?
What variable on Table 3 has the result F = 10.6, p < 0.0001? What does
the result mean?
ANOVA was used for analysis by Mayland et al. (2014). Would t-tests
have also been appropriate? Provide a rationale for your answer.
What type post hoc analysis was performed? Is the post hoc analysis
performed more or less conservative than the Scheffé test?
State the null hypothesis for care for the three study groups (see Table
2). Should the null hypothesis be accepted or rejected? Provide a
rationale for your answer.
What are the post hoc results for care? Which results are statistically
significant? What do the results mean?
In your opinion, do the study findings presented in Tables 2 and 3 have
implications for end-of-life care? Provide a rationale for your answer.
24. Exercise # 33: Calculating Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Post
Hoc Analyses Following ANOVA
Do the data meet criteria for homogeneity of variance? Provide a
rationale for your answer.
If calculating by hand, draw the frequency distribution of the dependent
variable, hours worked. What is the shape of the distribution? If using
SPSS, what is the result of the Shapiro-Wilk test of normality for the
dependent variable
What are the means for three groups’ hours worked on a job?
What are the F value and the group and error df for this set of data?
Is the F significant at α = 0.05? Specify how you arrived at your answer.
If using SPSS, what is the exact likelihood of obtaining an F value at
least as extreme as or as close to the one that was actually observed,
assuming that the null hypothesis is true?
Which group worked the most weekly job hours post-treatment? Proved
a rationale for your answer.
Write your interpretation of the results as you would in an APA-
formatted journal.
Is there a difference in your final interpretation when comparing the
results of the LSD post hoc test versus Tukey HSD test?
If the researcher decided to combine the two Treatment as Usual groups
to represent an overall “Control” group, then there would be two groups
to compare: Supported Employment versus Control. What would be the
appropriate statistic to address the difference in hours worked between
the two groups?
25. Exercise # 36:
The researchers found a significant difference between the two groups
(control and treatment) for change in mobility of the women with
osteoarthritis (OA) over 12 weeks with the results of F(1, 22) 9.619, p
0.005. Discuss each aspect of these results.
State the null hypothesis for the Baird and Sands (2004) study that
focuses on the effect of the GI with PMR treatment on patients’ mobility
level. Should the null hypothesis be rejected for the difference between
the two groups in change in mobility scores over 12 weeks? Provide a
rationale for your answer.
The researchers stated that the participants in the intervention group
reported a reduction in mobility difficulty at week 12. Was this result
statistically significant, and if so at what probability?
If the researchers had set the level of significance or = 0.01, would the
results of p 0.001 still be statistically significant? Provide a rationale for
your answer.
If F(3, 60) 4.13, p 0.04, and = 0.01, is the result statistically significant?
Provide a rationale for your answer. …….. accepted or rejected?
Can ANOVA be used to test proposed relationships or predicted
correlations between variables in a single group? Provide a rationale for
your answer.
If a study had a result of F(2, 147) 4.56, p 0.003, how many groups were
in the study, and what was the sample size?
26. The researchers state that the sample for their study was 28 women with
a diagnosis of OA, and that 18 were randomly assigned to the
intervention group and 10 were randomly assigned to the control group.
Discuss the study strengths and/or weaknesses in this statement.
In your opinion, have the researchers established that guided imagery
(GI) with progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) reduces pain and
decreases mobility difficulties in women with OA?
The researchers stated that this was a 12-week longitudinal, randomized
clinical trial pilot study with 28 women over 65 years of age with the
diagnosis of OA. What are some of the possible problems or limitations
that might occur with this type of study?
**************************************************
HLT 362V Week 4 Discussion Question 1 If The
Result Of An ANOVA Experiment Was “not
Significant” NEW
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27. If the result of an ANOVA experiment was “not significant”, was the
experiment a failure? Provide reasoning and examples (real or
hypothetical) to support your argument.
**************************************************
HLT 362V Week 4 Discussion Question 2 What
Is An Interaction NEW
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What is an interaction? Describe an example; what are the variables
within your population (work, social, academic, etc.) for which you
might expect interactions?
**************************************************
28. HLT 362V Week 5 Assignment Workbook
Exercise 14 and 19, 23 24, 29 and 35 NEW
For more classes visit
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Exercise # 14: Understanding Simple Linear Regression
According to the study narrative and Figure 1 in the Flannigan et al.
(2014) study, does the APLS UK formulae under- or overestimate the
weight of children younger than 1 year of age? Provide a rationale for
your answer.
Using the values a = 3.161 and b = 0.502 with the novel formula in
Figure 1, what is the predicted weight in kilograms (kg) for a child at 9
months of age? Show your calculations.
Using the values a = 3.161 and b = 0.502 with the novel formula in
Figure 1, what is the predicted weight in kilograms for a child at 2
months of age? Show your calculations.
In Figure 2, the formula for calculating y (weight in kg) is Weight in kg
= (0.176 × age in months) + 7.241. Identify the y intercept and the slope
in this formula.
29. Using the values a = 7.241 and b = 0.176 with the novel formula in
Figure 2, what is the predicted weight in kilograms for a child 3 years of
age? Show your calculations.
Using the values a = 7.241 and b = 0.176 with the novel formula in
Figure 2, what is the predicted weight in kilograms for a child 5 years of
age? Show your calculations.
In Figure 3, some of the actual mean weights represented by the blue
line with squares are above the dotted straight line for the novel formula,
but others are below the straight line. Is this an expected finding?
Provide a rationale for your answer.
In Figure 3, the novel formula is (Weight in kilograms = (0.331 × Age in
months) – 6.868. What is the predicted weight in kilograms for a child
10 years old? Show your calculations.
Was the sample size of this study adequate for conducting simple linear
regression? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Describe one potential clinical advantage and one potential clinical
problem with using the three novel formulas presented in Figures 1, 2,
and 3 in a PICU setting.
Exercise # 19: Understanding Pearson Chi-Square
According to the relevant study results section of the Darling-Fisher et
al. (2014) study, what categories are reported to be statistically
significant?
What level of measurement is appropriate for calculating the χ2 statistic?
Give two exam¬ples from Table 2 of demographic variables measured at
the level appropriate for χ2.
30. What is the χ2 for U.S. practice region? Is the χ2 value statistically
significant? Provide a rationale for your answer. X2= 29.68; p= <.00
What is the df for provider type? Provide a rationale for why the df for
provider type pre¬sented in Table 2 is correct.
Is there a statistically significant difference for practice setting between
the Rapid Assessment for Adolescent Preventive Services (RAAPS)
users and nonusers? Provide a rationale for your answer.
State the null hypothesis for provider age in years for RAAPS users and
RAAPS nonusers.
Should the null hypothesis for provider age in years developed for
Question 6 be accepted or rejected? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Describe at least one clinical advantage and one clinical challenge of
using RAAPS as described by Darling-Fisher et al. (2014).
How many null hypotheses are rejected in the Darling-Fisher et al.
(2014) study for the results presented in Table 2? Provide a rationale for
your answer.
A statistically significant difference is present between RAAPS users
and RAAPS nonusers for U.S. practice region, χ2 = 29.68. Does the χ2
result provide the location of the difference? Provide a rationale for your
answer.
Exercise # 23
31. What is the r value for the relationship between Hamstring strength
index 60°/s and the Shuttle run test? Is this r value significant? Provide
a rationale for your answer.
Consider r = 1.00 and r = -1.00. Which r value is stronger? Provide a
rationale for your answer.
Describe the direction of the relationship between the Hamstring
strength index 60°/s and the Shuttle run test.
Without using numbers, describe the relationship between the Hamstring
strength index 120°/s and the Triple hop index.
Which variable has the weakest relationship with the Quadriceps
strength index 120°/s? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Which of the following sets of variables has the strongest relationship?
a. Hamstring strength index 120°/s and the Hop index
b. Quadriceps strength index 60°/s and the Carioca test
c. Quadriceps strength index 120°/s and the Side step test
d. Quadriceps strength index 60°/s and the Triple hop index
In Table 5, two r values are reported as r = -0.498 and r = -0.528.
Describe each r value in words, indicating which would be more
statistically significant, and provide a rationale for your answer.
The researchers stated that the study showed a positive, significant
correlation between Quadriceps strength indices and pre- and
postoperative functional stability. Considering the data presented in the
32. Table 5, do you agree with their statement? Provide a rationale for your
answer.
The researchers stated that no significant relationship could be described
between Hamstring strength indices 60°/s and functional stability.
Given the data in Table 5, explain why not.
Consider the relationship reported for the Quadriceps strength index
120°/s and the Hop index (r = 0.744**, p = 0.000 ). What do these r
and p values indicate related to statistical significance and clinical
importance?
Exercise # 24
What is the r value listed for the relationship between variables 4 and 9?
Describe the correlation r = -0.32** using words. Is this a statistically
significant correlation? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Calculate the percentage of variance explained for r = 0.53. Is this
correlation clinically important? Provide a rationale for your answer.
According to Table 2, r = 0.15 is listed as the correlation between which
two items? Describe this relationship. What is the effect size for this
relationship, and what size sample would be needed to detect this
relationship in future studies?
Calculate the percentage of variance explained for r = 0.15. Describe the
clinical importance of this relationship.
33. Which two variables in Table 2, have the weakest correlation, or r
value? Which relationship is the closest to this r value? Provide a
rationale for your answer.
Is the correlation between LOT-R Total scores and Avoidance-
Distraction coping style statistically significant? Is this relationship
relevant to practice? Provide rationales for your answers.
Is the correlation between variables 9 and 4 significant? Is this
correlation relevant to practice? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Consider two values, r = 0.08 and r = -0.58. Describe them in
relationship to each other. Describe the clinical importance of both r
values.
Examine the Pearson r values for LOT-R Total, which measured
Optimism with the Task and Emotion Coping Styles. What do these
results indicate? How might you use this information in your practice?
BONUS QUESTION
One of the study goals was to examine the relationship between
optimism and psychopathology. Using the data in Table 2, formulate an
opinion regarding the overall correlation between optimism and
psychopathology. Provide a rationale for your answer.
Exercise # 29: Calculating Simple Linear Regression
If you have access to SPSS, compute the Shapiro-Wilk test of normality
for the variable age (as demonstrated in Exercise 26). If you do not have
access to SPSS, plot the frequency distributions by hand. What do the
results indicate?
34. State the null hypothesis where age at enrollment is used to predict the
time for comple¬tion of an RN to BSN program.
What is b as computed by hand (or using SPSS)?
What is a as computed by hand (or using SPSS)?
Write the new regression equation.
How would you characterize the magnitude of the obtained R2 value?
Provide a rationale for your answer.
How much variance in months to RN to BSN program completion is
explained by knowing the student’s enrollment age?
What was the correlation between the actual y values and the predicted y
values using the new regression equation in the example?
Write your interpretation of the results as you would in an APA-
formatted journal.
Given the results of your analyses, would you use the calculated
regression equation to predict future students’ program completion time
by using enrollment age as x? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Exercise # 35: Calculating Pearson Chi-Square
Do the example data in Table 35-2 meet the assumptions for the Pearson
χ2 test? Provide a rationale for your answer.
2. Compute the χ2 test. What is the χ2 value? 11.931
Is the χ2 significant at α =0.05? Specify how you arrived at your answer.
35. If using SPSS, what is the exact likelihood of obtaining the χ2 value at
least as extreme as or as close to the one that was actually observed,
assuming that the null hypothesis is true?
Using the numbers in the contingency table, calculate the percentage of
antibiotic users who tested positive for candiduria.
Using the numbers in the contingency table, calculate the percentage of
non-antibiotic users who tested negative for candiduria.
Using the numbers in the contingency table, calculate the percentage of
veterans with candiduria who had a history of antibiotic use.
Using the numbers in the contingency table, calculate the percentage of
veterans with candiduria who had no history of antibiotic use.
Write your interpretation of the results as you would in an APA-
formatted journal.
Was the sample size adequate to detect differences between the two
groups in this example? Provide a rationale for your answer.
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HLT 362V Week 5 Discussion Question 1
Describe The Error in The Conclusion NEW
36. For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Describe the error in the conclusion. Given: There is a linear correlation
between the number of cigarettes smoked and the pulse rate. As the
number of cigarettes increases the pulse rate increases. Conclusion:
Cigarettes cause the pulse rate to increase.
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HLT 362V Week 5 Discussion Question 2 Now
That You Are Familiar With The Basic Concepts
Of Statistics NEW
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
37. Now that you are familiar with the basic concepts of statistics, what are
some examples of when you have seen or heard statistics used
inappropriately?
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