2. Aquired immuno deficiency
syndrome
• Caused by HIV virus
• Serious disorder of immune system
• Host becomes vulnerable to life threatening
opportunistic infections and malignancies
• Every country in the world has new cases every
year
• HIV is a RNA virus lentivirus one of sub family
retrovirus
• Has a unique enzyme reverse transcriptase
• People infected with HIV are reservoirs and
source
3. Host factors
• Young people more affected
• More common in high risk groups –
1. Presence of STD
2. Frequency of exposure
3. Multiple sex partners
4. Injection drug users
4. Modes of transmission
• Unsafe Sexual practices
• Unsafe blood transfusion
• Parent/Mother to child transmission
5. Clinical course of HIV/AIDS
• Primary infection upto 12 weeks-
seroconversion, virus in blood and lymph nodes
• Asymptomatic period- 3-5 years, HIv antibodies
detected, CD4 >500/ul
• Early immune deficiency- antibodies detected,
CD4 200 – 500/ul, 2-3 yrs, few signs of
immunodeficiency
• Full blown AIDS- opportunistic infection, 1-2
years, CD4<200/ul
6. National AIDS control program
• To slow the spread of HIV
• To decrease morbidity and mortality asso
with HIV infection
• To minimise economic impact from HIV
infection
• Change behavior through interventions
• Counselling and testing
7. History
• First recognized in 1981
• Virus identified in 1993 by
Dr. Luc Montaigner of Pasteur institute
France and Dr. Robert C Gallo of National
cancer institute USA
8. HIV
• 2 types of virus - HIV 1 and 2
• Genetic information stored in RNA
• RNA converted to DNA by enzyme
reverse transcriptase
• Enveloped virus
• 3 groups of viruses M, O and N
• M group subdivided into sub groups A to K
• India A, B and C prevalent
9. Structure of HIV virus showing the spikes
gp120,41, matrix p17 and core p24
13. Points to remember
• Infection with HIV is lifelong
• AIDS develops 10 – 12 years after
infection
• Opportunistic infections develop and
cancers increase – surrogate indicators of
AIDS
• Survival after AIDS is 1 – 2 years
14. The theme
for the 18th World AIDS day
STOP AIDS – keep the promise
Refers to the promises that we have all
made to deliver the exceptional
responses demanded by AIDS
we face a choice of responses
1. We continue to accept that our
efforts will fail
or
2. We can recognize the threat and
embrace an exceptional response
15. Among the countries with largest
number of people living with HIV
infection – second is India
With no cure at present we should save
the thousands who are not yet exposed
to the virus
The fate of many will depend less on
science than on the ability of large
numbers of human beings to change
their behavior in the face of danger
16. Poverty, insufficient resources, lack of
education, stigma and discrimination are
considered to be major factors responsible
for the widespread epidemic of HIV & AIDS
We should take the pledge to use the
facilities available with us to prevent,
diagnose, treat and care for all those in need
with the aim of coming as close as possible
to the goal of universal access to treatment
by 2016
17. EVERYONE CAN DO SOMETHING TO
MAKE A DIFFERENCE
Create a more AIDS aware society
Bring peoples attention to challenges and
consequences of the epidemic in order to
create change
Drive away the deep rooted factors that are
driving the AIDS virus
Eradicate the stigma of AIDS
Treat an AIDS patient as you would any
other patient
Empathize with them
