Rene Sabatier noticed unusual symptoms in healthy young homosexual men and realized their bodies were invaded by a new virus. This led to the isolation of HIV in the 1980s. HIV causes AIDS by attacking CD4 cells and weakening the immune system. It is transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusions, needle sharing, and from mother to child. While there is no cure for AIDS, education programs aim to prevent transmission through promoting safe sex practices and blood safety.

1. WELCOME

2. HIV - AIDS
AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is
a disease which is caused by a virus called Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
 In the United States and some other countries
like France , Belgium, Uganda, Zambia,
Tanzania etc, the AIDS emerged in 1980’s.

3. ORIGIN OF THE PANADEMIC
Rene Sabatier noticed some unusual features in the
group of healthy young homosexual men & realized
that their bodies were being invaded by a germ. His
search alerted the entire scientific community & a
French virologist reported the isolation of a new virus
from patients who suffered from this newly described
disease. The isolation of this virus further researched
in the USA & other countries by virologists &
biologists & they called the virus as Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

4. RENE SABATIER ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF
AIDS
1. It originated from an old human disease
unknown to science for a long time.
2. It has originated from species other than
human beings like, apes , monkeys , who
suffered from natural virus.
3. It accidently originated from laboratories while
conducting experiments.
The first one is more acceptable to the scholars.

5. MEANS OF TRANSMITTING THE VIRUS
A. Sex with an infected partner. Heterosexual as
well as homosexual.
B. Transfusion of blood contaminated with HIV.
C. Sharing needles for injections with other drug
users & patients who are likely to be HIV
positive
D. From infected mother to her unborn child.

6. STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
THE DISEASE
Initial HIV infection
Clinical latency stage
AIDS
Full blown AIDS

7. TESTS
Antibody screening test (Immunoassay):
Tests for the antibodies that your body makes
against HIV. It may be performed on blood or
oral fluid (not saliva).
ELISA: An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent
Assay also called ELISA or EIA , is a test that
detects and measures antibodies in blood.
Western blot( Protein immunoblot ): It is
done to confirm the ELISA test & is 50 times
more expensive than ELISA.

8. LONDON DECLARATION
In the last week of January 1988, a historic and
unprecedented meeting took place in London to
discuss the problem of AIDS. It was the world
summit of ministers of health from 148 countries
along with health experts. The historic “London
Declaration” , emerged from the meeting stated
“In the absence at present of a vaccine or cure for
AIDS, a single most important component of
National AIDS Program is information and
education”

9. LINK BETWEEN SEXUALLY
TRANSMITTED DISEASES & AIDS

10. PROTECTIVE PROGRAMS
• Educate people to have safe sex by using
condoms & avoiding multiple sexual partners.
• Training for doctors & nurses
• Programs for the prevention & control of STD’s
should be given high priority.
• Blood or blood products must be tested for HIV
before transfusion.
• The HIV test should be made free and
confidential

11. • Use of disposable syringes or ensuring the
injecting equipment is sterilized.
• Condoms should be freely distributed.
• Awareness among people.
• Effective strategies should be made for
HIV/AIDS victims to overcome fear.

14. IN INDIA

17. In Kerala
*Reference from Times of India

20. ORGANISATIONS
• IAS-International AIDS Society
• UNAIDS -1994
• WHO’s HIV/AIDS department
• ICASCO – International Council of AIDS
Service Organizations
• NACO- National AIDS Control Organization
• KSACS- Kerala State AIDS Control society

21. CONCLUSION
HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
If left untreated HIV can lead to the disease AIDS.
HIV attacks the body’s immune system, especially
CD4 cells, which helps the immune system to fight
against infections.

22. THANK YOU…