Uploaded byRebecca J Macy
HIV & Violence
The document discusses the intersection of HIV and violence, highlighting how individuals with HIV often experience high rates of violence, which negatively affects their health and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. It outlines the prevalence of violence in North Carolina, its health consequences, and the importance of trauma-informed approaches in healthcare settings for survivors. Strategies for addressing violence, such as universal screening and community support services, are also emphasized as crucial for improving health outcomes among this vulnerable population.
Editor's Notes
- #5 Community with 10,000 children: 430 children victimized by harsh physical discipline & 110 children forced to have sex with adult/older child
- #9 Cytokines are regulators of host responses to infection, immune responses, inflammation, and trauma. Some cytokines act to make disease worse (proinflammatory), whereas others serve to reduce inflammation and promote healing (anti-inflammatory).
- #13 Interplay among violence, mental health problems, negative coping behaviors, substance misuse & medication adherence
- #22 Seeking Safety has the goal of helping clients to “attain safety from both PTSD and substance use disorders” (Najavitz, 2007, p. 143). The treatment was designed flexibly so that it could be delivered in multiple ways: either in a group or individual format; in various setting (inpatient clinics to community-based agencies); with men or women; and with various substance disorders and types of traumas. The treatment has “25 topics that address cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal and case management domains” (Najavitz, 2007, p. 143). The treatment provider can deliver as many or as few of the topics as possible in any order. In addition, the treatment can be effectively delivered by a range of providers, including paraprofessionals.Prolonged exposure is one of the most researched treatments for PTSD, and it has repeatedly demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of PTSD among individuals who have survived a variety of traumas, including women who have survived violent physical and sexual assaults (see for example, Foa et al., 2005). Prolonged exposure is usually delivered in 9-12 individual therapy sessions that are 1.5-2 hours in length. Prolonged exposure is most effectively implemented when (1) there is a strong therapeutic alliance between the therapist and the client; (2) the therapist has a provide a clear and thorough rationale for the treatment; (3) the therapist has successfully conveyed to the client the potential usefulness of prolonged exposure, as well as the therapist’s expertise in delivering the therapy; and (4) the treatment is individually tailored to the client’s unique situation and symptoms (Hembree, et al., 2003). In addition, prolonged exposure should be delivered to violence survivors who are not in danger and are living safe, violence-free lives.