The document discusses HIV/AIDS, including that HIV attacks the immune system, weakening it and allowing for life-threatening infections and diseases like AIDS. It was first identified in 1981 in the U.S. among homosexual men. No cure exists, but antiretroviral therapy can suppress the virus. HIV is transmitted via blood and certain bodily fluids, but not through casual contact. The global pandemic has caused tens of millions of infections and deaths since the early 1980s.

2. MEANING OF HIV.
• HIV (HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS) IS A VIRUS THAT ATTACKS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, THE BODY'S
NATURAL DEFENSE SYSTEM. WITHOUT A STRONG IMMUNE SYSTEM, THE BODY HAS TROUBLE FIGHTING
OFF DISEASE. BOTH THE VIRUS AND THE INFECTION IT CAUSES ARE CALLED HIV.

3. INTRODUCTION
•HIV WAS FIRST IDENTIFIED IN 1981 IN U.S.A AMONG HOMOSEXUALS .
•IN 1983 FRENCH INVESTIGATOR NAMED LYMPHADENOPATHY ASSOCIATED VIRUS (LAV).
•IN 1984 VIRUS WAS ISOLATED BY GALLO AND CO-WORKERS FROM NATIONAL
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH IN UNITED STATES.
THEY NAMED HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS III (HTLV-III)

4. DID YOU KNOW???
•EVERY 9 ½ MINUTES,
SOMEONE IN THE UNITED STATES WITH INFECTED WITH THE VIRUS.
00:00:09:30
DAYS HOURS MINUTES SECONDS

5. FULL FORM OF HIV.
•H= HUMAN
•I= IMMUNODEFICIENCY
•V= VIRUS.

6. HIV AND AIDS.
•WHEN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM BECOMES WEAKENED BY HIV, THE
ILLNESS PROGRESSES TO AIDS.
•SOME BLOOD TESTS, SYMPTOMS OR INFECTION INDICATES
PROGRESSION OF HIV TO AIDS.

7. HIV-1 AND HIV-2
•HIV-1 IS MORE COMMON WORLDWIDE.
•HIV-2 IS FOUND PRIMARILY IN WEST AFRICA,
MOZAMBIQUE AND ANGOLA.

8. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HIV-1 & HIV-2
•HIV-2 IS LESS EASILY TRANSMITTED.
•HIV-2 DEVELOPS MORE SLOWLY.
•MTCT IS RELATIVELY RARE WITH HIV-2.

9. FULL FORM OF AIDS.
•A= ACQUIRED
•I= IMMUNO
•D= DEFICIENCY
•S= SYNDROME.

10. WHAT ARE HIV AND AIDS???
•HIV= (HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS) THE VIRUS COMPROMISES THE BODY’S
ABILITY TO HANDLE DISEASE AND CAUSES AIDS.
• AIDS= (ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME) IT IS RELATED TO HIV, BUT THEY
ARE NOT ONE IN THE SAME. A PERSON HAS AIDS ONLY IN THE FINAL STAGES OF HIV
AFTER THE IMMUNE SYSTEM BECOME UNABLE TO DEFEND ITS SELF AGAINST FOREIGN
INVADERS LIKE BACTERIA, OTHER VIRUSES, AND ALLOWS THE DEVELOPMENT OF
CERTAIN CANCERS.

11. STATISTICS.
• SINCE 1981 1.7 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE U.S. ARE ESTIMATED TO HAVE BEEN INFECT WITH HIV.
• 1 IN 5 OF THOSE INFECTED ARE UNAWARE.
• MSM (MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN) ACCOUNTED FOR 61% OF ALL NEW HIV INFECTIONS IN THE U.S. IN
2009.
• OVER 619,000 WITH HIV HAVE ALREADY DIED SINCE THE EPIDEMIC BEGAN.

12. ETIOLOGY.
• THE WORLD FIRST BECAME AWARE OF AIDS IN THE EARLY 1980’S.
• RESEARCHERS AREN’T SURE EXACTLY WHEN AND HOW HIV DEVELOPED.
• THE MOST LIKELY THEORIES ASSUME THAT HIV-1 WAS TRANSMITTED TO HUMANS FROM CHIMPANZEES
SOMETIME IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY.

13. SYMPTOMS.
• DRY FLAKY SKIN (XERODERMA).
• CHRONIC FATIGUE.
• FEVER THAT COMES AND GOES (PYREXIA).
• DIARRHEA THAT LASTS MORE THAN A WEEK.
• HEAVY NIGHT SWEATS (HYPERHIDROSIS).
• RAPID WEIGHT LOSS.
• SWOLLEN LYMPH NODES.
• WHITE SPOTS ON TONGUE, MOUTH & THROAT.

14. GLOBAL HIV/AIDS IN 2003.
• 40 MILLION PEOPLE ARE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS.
• 2.5 MILLION ARE CHILDREN UNDER 15 YEARS.
• 14,000 NEW INFECTIONS EACH DAY.

15. NATURAL HISTORY OF HIV INFECTIONS.
IMMUNE SUPPRESSION.
• HIV ATTACKS WHITE BLOOD CELLS, CALLED CD4 CELLS, THAT PROTECT BODY FROM ILLNESS.
• OVER TIMES, THE BODY’S ABILITY TO FIGHT COMMON INFECTIONS IS LOST.
• OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS OCCURE.

16. NATURAL HISTORY OF HIV INFECTIONS
DIRECT INFECTION OF ORGAN SYSTEMS.
• BRAIN (HIV DEMENTIA).
• GUT (WASTING).
• HEART (CARDIOMYOPATHY).

17. HIV-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS.

18. PROGRESSION OF HIV INFECTIONS.
• HIGH VIRAL LOAD (NUMBER OF COPIES OF HIV IN THE BLOOD).
• LOW CD4 COUNT (TYPE OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS).
• INCREASING CLINICAL SYMPTOMS (SUCH AS OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS).

19. TRANSMISSION OF HIV.
• HIV IS TRANSMITTED BY
• DIRECT CONTACT: WITH INFECTED BLOOD.
• SEXUAL CONTACT: ORAL, ANAL OR VIGINAL.
• DIRECT CONTACT WITH SEMEN OR VIGINAL AND CERVICAL SECRETIONS.
• MOTHER INFECTED TO HIV TO INFANT DURING PREGNANCY, DELIVERY AND BREASTFEEDING.

20. HIV CANNOT BE TRANSMITTED BY:
•COUGHING, SNEEZING.
•INSECT BITES.
•TOUCHING, HUGGING.
•WATER, FOOD.
•KISSING.
•PUBLIC BATHS/POOLS.
•TOILETS.
•HANDSHAKES.
•WORK OR SCHOOL CONTACT.
•TELEPHONES.
•CUP, GLASSES, PLATES OR OTHER
UTENSILS.

21. TREATMENT.
•THERE IS NO CURE FOR HIV, ANTIRETROVIRAL, THERAPY CAN REDUCE THE
PRESENCE OF THE VIRUS IN THE BODY, BUT CAN NOT ELIMINATE IT.

22. HIV PATIENT.

23. HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS INFECTED PERSONS

24. HIV INFECTED GIRL IN SOUTH AFRICA.

25. CAUSED BY THE HUMAN IMMUNO-DEFICIENCY VIRUS OR THE HIV, AIDS IS ONE OF THE MOST
DEADLIEST DISEASES OF ALL TIME. ITS CAUSED BY EXCHANGE OF BODY FLUIDS WITH AN INFECTED
PERSON, USUALLY DURING SEXUAL INTERCOURSE AND BLOOD TRANSFUSION. NO PERMANENT
CURE HAS BEEN FOUND AS YET.

27. PREVENTION.
• HIV CAN BE SPREAD THROUGH VIGINAL, ANAL OR ORAL SEX.
• OPEN SORES FROM STDs LIKE HERPES & SYPHILIS PROVIDES GATEWAY OF HIV TO ENTER THE BODY.
• GONORRHEA & CHLAMYDIA MAY WEAKEN THE SKIN & MUCOUS BARRIERS THAT HELP PREVENT
INFECTIONS.
• IF YOU INJECT DGUGS, USE A NEW STERILE NEEDLE EACH TIME TO SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE THE RISK OF
HIV TRANSMISSION.

28. FACTS.
• HIV IS NOT AIRBORNE AND CANNOT BE CAUGHT BY TOUCHING SKIN, SWEAT OR SALIVA.
• YOU CANNOT GET HIV BY HOLDING HANDS OR SHARING DRINKS.
• MOSQUITO’S DO NOT INJECTED OTHER PEOPLES BLOOD WHEN THEY BITE AN SO CAN’T SPREAD HIV.

29. STATISTICS: WORLDWIDE
• IN 2015, 36.7 MILLION PEOPLE WERE LIVING WITH HIV.
• IN 2015, 2.1 MILLION PEOPLE WERE NEWLY INFECTED WITH HIV.
• 150,000 WERE UNDER THE AGE OF 15.
• EVERY DAY ABOUT 5,753 PEOPLE CONTRACT HIV—ABOUT 240 EVERY HOUR.
• IN 2015, 1.1 MILLION PEOPLE DIED FROM AIDS-RELATED ILLNESSES.
• SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE PANDEMIC, 78 MILLION PEOPLE HAVE CONTRACTED HIV AND 35 MILLION HAVE DIED OF AIDS-
RELATED CAUSES.
• AS OF DECEMBER 2015, 17 MILLION PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV (46% OF THE TOTAL) HAD ACCESS TO ANTIRETROVIRAL
THERAPY.

30. ITIS BADENOUGHTHATPEOPLESAREDYINGOF AIDSBUTNOONE
SHOULDDIEOFIGNORANCE.