The document discusses the development and use of atomic bombs during World War II, including the physics behind how they work, the Manhattan Project that developed the bombs, and the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. It describes the efforts of scientists and engineers to produce fissile materials and develop nuclear weapons, as well as the devastating impacts of the bombings on the two Japanese cities.
The document summarizes the key events leading up to and following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States during World War II. It describes the development of the atomic bomb through the Manhattan Project, the rejection of the Potsdam Declaration by Japan, and President Truman's decision to drop bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It then details the immediate and long-term effects of the bombings, including widespread destruction and loss of life as well as long-term health impacts like radiation sickness, cancers, and birth defects. An atomic bomb casualty commission was later established to study the effects on survivors.
1) In 1932, Einstein warned President Roosevelt about Nazi Germany's efforts to purify uranium, which could be used to create an atomic bomb. This led the US to begin the secret Manhattan Project to develop a bomb.
2) The Manhattan Project took 6 years and over $2 billion, led by Robert Oppenheimer. They successfully tested the first atomic bomb called "The Gadget" in New Mexico in 1945.
3) In early August 1945, the US dropped atomic bombs called "Little Boy" on Hiroshima on August 6th and "Fat Man" on Nagasaki on August 9th, causing widespread destruction and many casualties in both cities. Japan surrendered on August 15th, ending World
The document discusses whether the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were morally and militarily justified in ending WWII. It presents perspectives from several top American military leaders who argued that the bombs were not necessary to defeat Japan, including Dwight Eisenhower, Douglas MacArthur, and Curtis LeMay. It also notes that a US bombing survey and officials like Ralph Bird concluded that Japan was already defeated and would have surrendered before invasion. The document suggests the bombs were not needed to end the war and primarily served to intimidate the Soviet Union, while also causing immense civilian suffering.
The United States dropped two atomic bombs on Japan in August 1945. The first bomb was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6th, killing around 90,000-166,000 people. The second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9th, killing around 60,000-80,000 people. In response to the bombings and the Soviet declaration of war, Japan surrendered on August 15th, officially ending World War II. The bombings led Japan to adopt a policy forbidding nuclear weapons.
The document summarizes the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States at the end of World War II. It describes the Potsdam Declaration calling for Japan's surrender and warning of destruction if they did not. When Japan refused, the US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima on August 6th and Nagasaki on August 9th developed through the secret Manhattan Project. The immediate deaths from the bombings were around 70,000-80,000 people in Hiroshima and 135,000 in Nagasaki, with many more dying later from injuries and radiation exposure. Japan surrendered on August 14th, bringing World War II to an end.
The document summarizes the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States in 1945. It discusses the Potsdam Declaration that called for Japan's surrender, the reasoning for using atomic bombs to end the war, the selection of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as targets, and the devastating effects of the bombings that killed a total of around 237,000 people in Hiroshima and 135,000 in Nagasaki and destroyed much of the cities. Japan surrendered a few days after the second bombing of Nagasaki, bringing World War 2 to an end.
The document summarizes the key events leading up to and following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States during World War II. It describes the development of the atomic bomb through the Manhattan Project, the rejection of the Potsdam Declaration by Japan, and President Truman's decision to drop bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It then details the immediate and long-term effects of the bombings, including widespread destruction and loss of life as well as long-term health impacts like radiation sickness, cancers, and birth defects. An atomic bomb casualty commission was later established to study the effects on survivors.
1) In 1932, Einstein warned President Roosevelt about Nazi Germany's efforts to purify uranium, which could be used to create an atomic bomb. This led the US to begin the secret Manhattan Project to develop a bomb.
2) The Manhattan Project took 6 years and over $2 billion, led by Robert Oppenheimer. They successfully tested the first atomic bomb called "The Gadget" in New Mexico in 1945.
3) In early August 1945, the US dropped atomic bombs called "Little Boy" on Hiroshima on August 6th and "Fat Man" on Nagasaki on August 9th, causing widespread destruction and many casualties in both cities. Japan surrendered on August 15th, ending World
The document discusses whether the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were morally and militarily justified in ending WWII. It presents perspectives from several top American military leaders who argued that the bombs were not necessary to defeat Japan, including Dwight Eisenhower, Douglas MacArthur, and Curtis LeMay. It also notes that a US bombing survey and officials like Ralph Bird concluded that Japan was already defeated and would have surrendered before invasion. The document suggests the bombs were not needed to end the war and primarily served to intimidate the Soviet Union, while also causing immense civilian suffering.
The United States dropped two atomic bombs on Japan in August 1945. The first bomb was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6th, killing around 90,000-166,000 people. The second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9th, killing around 60,000-80,000 people. In response to the bombings and the Soviet declaration of war, Japan surrendered on August 15th, officially ending World War II. The bombings led Japan to adopt a policy forbidding nuclear weapons.
The document summarizes the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States at the end of World War II. It describes the Potsdam Declaration calling for Japan's surrender and warning of destruction if they did not. When Japan refused, the US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima on August 6th and Nagasaki on August 9th developed through the secret Manhattan Project. The immediate deaths from the bombings were around 70,000-80,000 people in Hiroshima and 135,000 in Nagasaki, with many more dying later from injuries and radiation exposure. Japan surrendered on August 14th, bringing World War II to an end.
The document summarizes the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States in 1945. It discusses the Potsdam Declaration that called for Japan's surrender, the reasoning for using atomic bombs to end the war, the selection of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as targets, and the devastating effects of the bombings that killed a total of around 237,000 people in Hiroshima and 135,000 in Nagasaki and destroyed much of the cities. Japan surrendered a few days after the second bombing of Nagasaki, bringing World War 2 to an end.
This document provides an overview of environmental science and discusses the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It introduces environmental science as an interdisciplinary field studying human interactions with the natural world. It notes the importance of environmental education for sustainability. It then describes Hiroshima and Nagasaki before the bombings, highlighting their populations and industrial significance. It explains the attacks, noting that the atomic bombs killed 90,000-166,000 in Hiroshima and 60,000-80,000 in Nagasaki from acute effects within months. Japan surrendered on August 15th, six days after Nagasaki.
The document discusses the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that took place at the end of World War II. It provides details about the B-29 bombers that dropped the bombs, the pilots that flew the missions, the bombs themselves ("Little Boy" and "Fat Man"), and the devastating impacts and death tolls in the cities. It also discusses key figures like Robert Oppenheimer and Harry Truman who played major roles in the Manhattan Project and the decision to use atomic weapons against Japan.
The United States dropped two atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, killing over 120,000 people. This remains the only use of nuclear weapons in warfare to date. Japan refused to surrender after facing firebombing and the Allied demand for unconditional surrender. In response, the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima on August 6 and Nagasaki on August 9. Japan surrendered on August 15, ending World War II.
1. The Manhattan Project was a US-led research and development program that produced the first atomic bombs during World War II.
2. The project was conducted at sites across the US, Canada, and UK and involved over 125,000 people and cost around $2 billion.
3. The first atomic bomb was successfully tested in New Mexico in July 1945. Two atomic bombs were then dropped on Japan in August 1945, leading to Japan's surrender and the end of World War II.
This Presentation brings forth the Causes, Aftermaths and many other facts regarding the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It also includes Albert Einstein's Letter.
This was made for Educational Purpose.
The Atomic Bombings Of Hiroshima And Nagasakinamelessacorn
The document summarizes the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. On August 6th, 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb called Little Boy on Hiroshima, killing 70,000 initially and 130,000 from radiation over 5 years. On August 9th, another bomb called Fat Man was dropped on Nagasaki due to poor weather, killing 40,000 immediately and 60,000 injured. While more powerful, Fat Man caused less damage due to Nagasaki's terrain. These bombings ended World War 2 but began the nuclear era.
Atomic bomb droping at hiroshima & nagasaki ppt by Rahul MehraRahul Mehra
The US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 and Nagasaki on August 9, 1945, in an effort to force Japan to surrender and end World War II. The bomb dropped on Hiroshima, named "Little Boy", destroyed over half the city and killed around 70,000 people instantly. In Nagasaki, the "Fat Man" bomb exploded 1,800 feet above the city, leveling buildings and killing approximately 42,000 people while injuring 40,000 more. The bombings marked the first and only use of nuclear weapons in war and resulted in hundreds of thousands of injuries and long term deaths from radiation exposure across both cities.
Historical photos with music. On Monday, August 6, 1945, at 8:15 AM, the atomic bomb Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima by an American B-29 bomber, the Enola Gay, directly killing an estimated 80,000 people. By the end of the year, injury and radiation brought total estimated casualties to 140,000. Approximately 69% of the city's buildings were completely destroyed, and about 7% severely damaged.
The document discusses the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It provides the rationale for the bombings, which was to end WWII and prevent mass casualties from a planned invasion of Japan. However, some people criticized the bombings on ethical grounds as civilians were targeted. After the bombings, over 220,000 people died from the two bombs. Japan surrendered six days later, ending the war.
Atomic bomb blasts in hiroshima and nagasakiতাসনুভা শাহরিন
The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 marked the first and only use of nuclear weapons in war. The U.S. dropped atomic bombs called "Little Boy" and "Fat Man" on the cities, resulting in massive destruction and at least 200,000 immediate deaths from blast effects and radiation sickness. Long-term health effects persisted for decades, including higher rates of cancer, birth defects, and other issues. The bombings contributed to Japan's surrender and ended World War II, but also demonstrated the immense destructive power of nuclear weapons and their lingering effects on populations and the environment.
On August 6, 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan from the B-29 bomber Enola Gay. Approximately 140,000 people were killed or died from injuries in the months following the explosion. Three days later, on August 9, another atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan, killing around 80,000 people. Japan surrendered on August 15, ending World War II. These bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki represent the only uses of nuclear weapons in war to date.
This power point presentation was created by my niece Priya, who is in her 11th grade. She presented the same along with her friend in a competition at her school, however didn’t win the competition. I believe it’s very informative and it also delivered a message at the end. So what do you guys think? Please send in your comments.
Here are some recommendations the committee could make to further nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament:
1. Urge all states that possess nuclear weapons to decrease their stockpiles in accordance with their obligations under Article VI of the NPT, with the ultimate goal of total elimination of nuclear weapons.
2. Encourage states to establish additional nuclear-weapon-free zones, especially in regions like the Middle East that currently do not have any treaties.
3. Call on all states, especially those not party to the NPT, to accept comprehensive International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards on all their nuclear activities and sign an Additional Protocol.
4. Request that the P5 states take further unilateral measures to reduce the
The document provides background information on the development of nuclear fission and the atomic bomb during World War II. It discusses several key scientists involved in the Manhattan Project, including Szilard, Fermi, and Oppenheimer. It describes some of the early nuclear experiments at Chicago and the establishment of the Los Alamos laboratory. It also summarizes the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the initial positive public response, as well as some later dissent from scientists about the use of the bomb.
This document provides an overview of the war in the Pacific theater during World War II, culminating in the US decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It describes the brutal battles like Iwo Jima and Okinawa where casualties were high on both sides. When Japan refused to surrender, Truman made the difficult choice to use atomic weapons to avoid an invasion that could cost over 1 million American lives. The bombings led to Japan's surrender and the end of World War II.
The document summarizes the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States in 1945. It discusses the Potsdam Declaration that called for Japan's surrender, the reasoning for using atomic bombs to end the war, and the targeting of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It then describes the delivery of atomic bombs by planes to both cities and the massive destruction and estimated deaths of over 200,000 people between the two bombings. Japan surrendered a few days later, ending World War II.
The document provides background information on several key figures in World War II, including Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, and Adolf Hitler. It also summarizes important events such as the Munich Conference, the invasion of Poland by Germany and the Soviet Union, and the Battle of Stalingrad. The document further discusses the Manhattan Project and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which ultimately led to Japan's surrender and the end of World War II.
The document discusses nuclear weapons, including their history, types, effects, and countries that possess them. It begins with definitions of nuclear weapons and descriptions of the massive explosive energy they produce. It then covers the key events in the history of nuclear weapons development during World War 2 and the Cold War. The document also examines the various effects of nuclear explosions and weapons, such as blast, thermal radiation, and fallout.
Atomic bomb blasting of Hiroshima and Nagasaki .pptতাসনুভা শাহরিন
The document summarizes the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. It describes the immediate and ongoing effects of the bombings, including the high death toll initially from burns and trauma (over 80,000 in Hiroshima and 40,000 in Nagasaki) and later illnesses from radiation exposure like leukemia. It also discusses the destruction of infrastructure in the cities and suppression of information about the bombings' impacts by the occupying Allied forces. The bombings marked the first and only use of nuclear weapons in war.
The document discusses the history and workings of atomic bombs. It notes that atomic bombs work through nuclear fission, which was discovered and developed into weapons during World War II under the Manhattan Project led by American physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer. The first atomic bomb was tested at Alamogordo, New Mexico in 1945. Two atomic bombs were then used against Japan in 1945 - "Little Boy" dropped on Hiroshima and "Fat Man" dropped on Nagasaki, causing widespread destruction and loss of life. The document outlines the effects of atomic bombs and some basic properties of the two bombs used against Japan.
Este documento presenta herramientas para la gestión de emprendimientos productivos. Explica la importancia de realizar un autodiagnóstico que incluya evaluar los recursos disponibles, realizar un análisis FODA e investigar el mercado y costos. También define conceptos clave como emprendedor, actitud emprendedora y las tareas centrales de la gestión de un emprendimiento.
Este documento discute as comunidades virtuais, fornecendo exemplos de comunidades bem-sucedidas e os desafios na construção de comunidades. Também aborda o potencial das comunidades virtuais para estimular a inteligência coletiva e ajudar as pessoas a lidar com o excesso de informação disponível.
This document provides an overview of environmental science and discusses the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It introduces environmental science as an interdisciplinary field studying human interactions with the natural world. It notes the importance of environmental education for sustainability. It then describes Hiroshima and Nagasaki before the bombings, highlighting their populations and industrial significance. It explains the attacks, noting that the atomic bombs killed 90,000-166,000 in Hiroshima and 60,000-80,000 in Nagasaki from acute effects within months. Japan surrendered on August 15th, six days after Nagasaki.
The document discusses the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that took place at the end of World War II. It provides details about the B-29 bombers that dropped the bombs, the pilots that flew the missions, the bombs themselves ("Little Boy" and "Fat Man"), and the devastating impacts and death tolls in the cities. It also discusses key figures like Robert Oppenheimer and Harry Truman who played major roles in the Manhattan Project and the decision to use atomic weapons against Japan.
The United States dropped two atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, killing over 120,000 people. This remains the only use of nuclear weapons in warfare to date. Japan refused to surrender after facing firebombing and the Allied demand for unconditional surrender. In response, the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima on August 6 and Nagasaki on August 9. Japan surrendered on August 15, ending World War II.
1. The Manhattan Project was a US-led research and development program that produced the first atomic bombs during World War II.
2. The project was conducted at sites across the US, Canada, and UK and involved over 125,000 people and cost around $2 billion.
3. The first atomic bomb was successfully tested in New Mexico in July 1945. Two atomic bombs were then dropped on Japan in August 1945, leading to Japan's surrender and the end of World War II.
This Presentation brings forth the Causes, Aftermaths and many other facts regarding the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It also includes Albert Einstein's Letter.
This was made for Educational Purpose.
The Atomic Bombings Of Hiroshima And Nagasakinamelessacorn
The document summarizes the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. On August 6th, 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb called Little Boy on Hiroshima, killing 70,000 initially and 130,000 from radiation over 5 years. On August 9th, another bomb called Fat Man was dropped on Nagasaki due to poor weather, killing 40,000 immediately and 60,000 injured. While more powerful, Fat Man caused less damage due to Nagasaki's terrain. These bombings ended World War 2 but began the nuclear era.
Atomic bomb droping at hiroshima & nagasaki ppt by Rahul MehraRahul Mehra
The US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 and Nagasaki on August 9, 1945, in an effort to force Japan to surrender and end World War II. The bomb dropped on Hiroshima, named "Little Boy", destroyed over half the city and killed around 70,000 people instantly. In Nagasaki, the "Fat Man" bomb exploded 1,800 feet above the city, leveling buildings and killing approximately 42,000 people while injuring 40,000 more. The bombings marked the first and only use of nuclear weapons in war and resulted in hundreds of thousands of injuries and long term deaths from radiation exposure across both cities.
Historical photos with music. On Monday, August 6, 1945, at 8:15 AM, the atomic bomb Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima by an American B-29 bomber, the Enola Gay, directly killing an estimated 80,000 people. By the end of the year, injury and radiation brought total estimated casualties to 140,000. Approximately 69% of the city's buildings were completely destroyed, and about 7% severely damaged.
The document discusses the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It provides the rationale for the bombings, which was to end WWII and prevent mass casualties from a planned invasion of Japan. However, some people criticized the bombings on ethical grounds as civilians were targeted. After the bombings, over 220,000 people died from the two bombs. Japan surrendered six days later, ending the war.
Atomic bomb blasts in hiroshima and nagasakiতাসনুভা শাহরিন
The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 marked the first and only use of nuclear weapons in war. The U.S. dropped atomic bombs called "Little Boy" and "Fat Man" on the cities, resulting in massive destruction and at least 200,000 immediate deaths from blast effects and radiation sickness. Long-term health effects persisted for decades, including higher rates of cancer, birth defects, and other issues. The bombings contributed to Japan's surrender and ended World War II, but also demonstrated the immense destructive power of nuclear weapons and their lingering effects on populations and the environment.
On August 6, 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan from the B-29 bomber Enola Gay. Approximately 140,000 people were killed or died from injuries in the months following the explosion. Three days later, on August 9, another atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan, killing around 80,000 people. Japan surrendered on August 15, ending World War II. These bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki represent the only uses of nuclear weapons in war to date.
This power point presentation was created by my niece Priya, who is in her 11th grade. She presented the same along with her friend in a competition at her school, however didn’t win the competition. I believe it’s very informative and it also delivered a message at the end. So what do you guys think? Please send in your comments.
Here are some recommendations the committee could make to further nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament:
1. Urge all states that possess nuclear weapons to decrease their stockpiles in accordance with their obligations under Article VI of the NPT, with the ultimate goal of total elimination of nuclear weapons.
2. Encourage states to establish additional nuclear-weapon-free zones, especially in regions like the Middle East that currently do not have any treaties.
3. Call on all states, especially those not party to the NPT, to accept comprehensive International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards on all their nuclear activities and sign an Additional Protocol.
4. Request that the P5 states take further unilateral measures to reduce the
The document provides background information on the development of nuclear fission and the atomic bomb during World War II. It discusses several key scientists involved in the Manhattan Project, including Szilard, Fermi, and Oppenheimer. It describes some of the early nuclear experiments at Chicago and the establishment of the Los Alamos laboratory. It also summarizes the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the initial positive public response, as well as some later dissent from scientists about the use of the bomb.
This document provides an overview of the war in the Pacific theater during World War II, culminating in the US decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It describes the brutal battles like Iwo Jima and Okinawa where casualties were high on both sides. When Japan refused to surrender, Truman made the difficult choice to use atomic weapons to avoid an invasion that could cost over 1 million American lives. The bombings led to Japan's surrender and the end of World War II.
The document summarizes the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States in 1945. It discusses the Potsdam Declaration that called for Japan's surrender, the reasoning for using atomic bombs to end the war, and the targeting of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It then describes the delivery of atomic bombs by planes to both cities and the massive destruction and estimated deaths of over 200,000 people between the two bombings. Japan surrendered a few days later, ending World War II.
The document provides background information on several key figures in World War II, including Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, and Adolf Hitler. It also summarizes important events such as the Munich Conference, the invasion of Poland by Germany and the Soviet Union, and the Battle of Stalingrad. The document further discusses the Manhattan Project and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which ultimately led to Japan's surrender and the end of World War II.
The document discusses nuclear weapons, including their history, types, effects, and countries that possess them. It begins with definitions of nuclear weapons and descriptions of the massive explosive energy they produce. It then covers the key events in the history of nuclear weapons development during World War 2 and the Cold War. The document also examines the various effects of nuclear explosions and weapons, such as blast, thermal radiation, and fallout.
Atomic bomb blasting of Hiroshima and Nagasaki .pptতাসনুভা শাহরিন
The document summarizes the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. It describes the immediate and ongoing effects of the bombings, including the high death toll initially from burns and trauma (over 80,000 in Hiroshima and 40,000 in Nagasaki) and later illnesses from radiation exposure like leukemia. It also discusses the destruction of infrastructure in the cities and suppression of information about the bombings' impacts by the occupying Allied forces. The bombings marked the first and only use of nuclear weapons in war.
The document discusses the history and workings of atomic bombs. It notes that atomic bombs work through nuclear fission, which was discovered and developed into weapons during World War II under the Manhattan Project led by American physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer. The first atomic bomb was tested at Alamogordo, New Mexico in 1945. Two atomic bombs were then used against Japan in 1945 - "Little Boy" dropped on Hiroshima and "Fat Man" dropped on Nagasaki, causing widespread destruction and loss of life. The document outlines the effects of atomic bombs and some basic properties of the two bombs used against Japan.
Este documento presenta herramientas para la gestión de emprendimientos productivos. Explica la importancia de realizar un autodiagnóstico que incluya evaluar los recursos disponibles, realizar un análisis FODA e investigar el mercado y costos. También define conceptos clave como emprendedor, actitud emprendedora y las tareas centrales de la gestión de un emprendimiento.
Este documento discute as comunidades virtuais, fornecendo exemplos de comunidades bem-sucedidas e os desafios na construção de comunidades. Também aborda o potencial das comunidades virtuais para estimular a inteligência coletiva e ajudar as pessoas a lidar com o excesso de informação disponível.
1) O texto descreve a formação histórica da espiritualidade bíblica entre os séculos XIII-XII aC, quando três experiências religiosas confluíram: a dos escravos hebreus no Egito, a dos nômades do Sinai e a dos nômades palestinos.
2) Os escravos hebreus no Egito desenvolveram uma experiência de Deus como libertador após serem libertos pelas mãos de Moisés, dando início à espiritualidade bíblica.
3) Os nômades
Strategies for Improving the U.S. Payment SystemEd Dodds
The Federal Reserve believes that the U.S. payment system is at a critical juncture in its evolution. Technology is rapidly changing many elements that support the payment process. High-speed data networks are becoming ubiquitous, computing devices are becoming more sophisticated and mobile, and information is increasingly processed in real time. These capabilities are changing the nature of commerce and end-user expectations for payment services. Meanwhile, payment security and the protection of sensitive data, which are foundational to public confidence in any payment system, are challenged by dynamic, persistent and rapidly escalating threats. Finally, an increasing number of U.S. citizens and businesses routinely transfer value across borders and demand better payment options to swiftly and efficiently do so.
El documento proporciona información sobre el pueblo de Barranquitas en Puerto Rico. Describe varios lugares históricos y sitios turísticos en el pueblo, incluyendo la plaza pública, la alcaldía, el centro cultural, la iglesia, casas históricas, y el cañón Las Bocas. También menciona la bandera y el escudo de Barranquitas, así como algunos detalles sobre la historia y fundación del pueblo.
The construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961 divided Germany and Berlin between East and West. It restricted East Germans' freedom and trapped them under communist rule, while West Germans maintained freedom and a capitalist society. The wall escalated tensions in the Cold War between the US and Soviet Union, with the US increasing its military presence in West Berlin in response to the wall's construction.
This document discusses discrimination faced by Asian people in New Zealand. It reviews research showing that Asians experience the most discrimination of any ethnic group in New Zealand. Specifically, it finds that Asian people frequently report experiencing harassment in public spaces, with many anecdotes of Asian individuals being verbally abused or having objects thrown at them by teenagers. It also examines research demonstrating barriers to equal employment for Asian people in New Zealand.
La ley 183-02 aprueba la Ley Monetaria y Financiera de la República Dominicana. Establece el marco regulatorio del sistema monetario y financiero del país, incluyendo principios como la estabilidad de precios y la solvencia y liquidez de las entidades financieras. También define las competencias de la Junta Monetaria y el Banco Central como reguladores del sistema y establece los procedimientos y recursos aplicables a los actos regulatorios.
The Manhattan Project was a top secret US research program during World War II to develop the first atomic bombs. Spurred by fears that Nazi Germany was developing its own atomic weapons, the project involved over 125,000 people across the US and cost over $2 billion. Key figures included Albert Einstein, who warned President Roosevelt about the potential German bomb, and J. Robert Oppenheimer, who directed the scientific research and development at sites across the US. Their work culminated in the Trinity test near Alamogordo, New Mexico in July 1945, which demonstrated that an atomic bomb was possible. The US then used two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945, helping to end World War II.
The document discusses the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It provides background on Oppenheimer and his views on nuclear weapons. It describes the planning and execution of the bombings, the devastating impacts on the cities, and reactions from those involved in the Manhattan Project. Survivors suffered immense casualties and radiation sickness in the aftermath.
The Manhattan Project was a secret US government project during World War II to develop the first atomic bombs. It involved over 130,000 people and cost around $2 billion over 7 years. The project successfully developed atomic bombs that were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, leading to Japan's surrender and the end of WWII. The Manhattan Project opened up nuclear technology and had lasting consequences around the world.
The Manhattan Project was a top secret US government project during World War II to develop the first atomic bombs. It involved over 125,000 people across the US and cost over $2 billion. Key scientists like J. Robert Oppenheimer, Enrico Fermi and Ernest Lawrence led research teams that successfully tested the first atomic device in July 1945 and went on to drop bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, helping to end the war.
1. Germany was forced to accept blame and pay reparations for World War 1 and was limited in its military capabilities.
2. Japan had been waging war in Asia in the 1930s and signed a pact with Germany and Italy in 1940.
3. On December 7, 1941 Japan launched a surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, bringing the U.S. into World War 2.
This document provides an overview and history of the atomic bomb. It discusses key events leading up to World War II and the Manhattan Project's secret development of the first nuclear weapons. The document outlines the Trinity test of the first atomic bomb and the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It examines the immediate devastation caused by the bombs and long-term health impacts of radiation exposure. The document concludes by considering the ethical issues raised by the development and use of such a destructive weapon.
The Manhattan Project was a secret US research program during World War II to develop the first atomic bombs. It had three main sites for producing plutonium and enriched uranium: Hanford, Washington; Oak Ridge, Tennessee; and Oak Ridge. On January 16, 1943, General Groves selected Hanford as the site for plutonium production. The Manhattan Project produced the atomic bombs that were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, helping to end World War II.
This document discusses the history of uranium mining and processing, and the development of nuclear weapons. It notes that in the 1930s, uranium ore was mined at Port Radium in the Northwest Territories of Canada for its radium content. The ore was then transported to facilities in the US and Canada for further processing and research. This led to the top-secret Manhattan Project during World War II that developed the first atomic bombs. The bombs were then used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, helping to end the war. However, it marked the start of the nuclear arms race between the US and USSR that continued for decades.
During World War II, two atomic bombs were dropped on Japan in 1945, bringing an end to the war. Albert Einstein's theories helped scientists develop these weapons as part of the Manhattan Project, a top-secret research initiative involving over 20,000 people and $2 billion in funding. The first bomb was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, destroying the city and killing thousands instantly. Despite this, Japan refused to surrender, so a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki three days later on August 9, after which Emperor Hirohito announced Japan's unconditional surrender on August 15.
The document provides a timeline of early settlement in the Oak Ridge, Tennessee area from the 1600s through World War II and the Manhattan Project. It details the Cherokee presence in the 1600s, white settlement beginning in the 1700s, and the establishment of schools and post offices in the 1800s-early 1900s. It then discusses the development of nuclear research in the 1930s-1940s that led to the secret Manhattan Project and the construction of facilities in Oak Ridge beginning in 1943, including K-25, Y-12, and S-50 plants.
The Manhattan Project was the secretive US government program during WWII to develop the first atomic bombs. It involved building massive production facilities and laboratories across the country. The project succeeded in testing the first atomic device in July 1945 near Los Alamos, NM, and went on to drop bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, helping end the war and ushering in the atomic age.
Archaeology involves the analysis of material remains from past human cultures to understand how people lived. Archaeologists study artifacts, features, and ecofacts found at excavation sites. Relative dating techniques like stratigraphy and seriation are used to sequence finds chronologically without absolute dates, while absolute methods like radiocarbon dating provide specific ages. After excavation, artifacts undergo processing including classification and analysis to infer patterns of ancient behavior and human development over time. This helps archaeologists reconstruct past lifeways and cultures.
The document discusses the racial composition of African American US Senators throughout history. It notes that from 1789-2012, there have been 6 African American Senators compared to over 1,925 Caucasian, Hispanic, or Asian Senators. It then lists the names and terms of the 6 African American Senators: Blanche Bruce (Mississippi, 1875-1881), Hiram R. Revels (Mississippi, 1870-1871), Edward Brooke (Massachusetts, 1967-1979), Carol Moseley Braun (Illinois, 1993-1999), Barack Obama (Illinois, 2005-2008), and Roland Burris (Illinois, 2009-2010).
The Watergate break-in and subsequent cover-up led to Richard Nixon's resignation from the presidency in 1974, making Gerald Ford the first "accidental president." This damaged trust in politicians and influenced Jimmy Carter's election in 1976 as an outsider promising reform. In the long term, Watergate caused closer scrutiny of executive actions and labeled all political scandals with the "-gate" suffix, changing expectations of transparency and accountability.
The Russian Revolution of 1917 had major consequences for the United States. Russia went from being an ally of the US in World War 2 to a mortal enemy, leading to the Cold War. The revolution brought Lenin and the Bolsheviks to power in Russia, establishing communist rule. Over time, tensions grew between the US/UK and Soviet leader Stalin, culminating in the Cold War following disagreements over World War 2 strategy. The Cold War defined international politics for decades as the US and USSR emerged as competing superpowers.
The launching of TIROS-1, the first weather satellite, in 1960 proved that satellites could successfully observe weather patterns from space. TIROS-1 took over 22,000 pictures in its 78 days in orbit, helping meteorologists better understand weather systems. This satellite launch opened the door to modern satellite observation technology and improved weather forecasting. Today, polar-orbiting and geostationary satellites continue monitoring global weather and environmental conditions. Modern satellites also support GPS navigation and emergency beacons, influencing many aspects of modern life from transportation and communications to search and rescue operations.
The document discusses the Pan American Exposition of 1901 held in Buffalo, New York and the 1904 World's Fair held in St. Louis, Missouri. It provides statistics on attendance, costs, and exhibits at both events. It also discusses the assassination of President William McKinley at the Pan American Exposition and the subsequent presidency of Theodore Roosevelt. Many new foods and technologies were introduced to widespread audiences at the World's Fair, influencing American culture and triggering innovations that propelled the nation into the 20th century.
The National Security Act of 1947 established the modern U.S. national security framework that remains in place today. It created the Department of Defense, National Security Council, Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Central Intelligence Agency. While initially controversial, over time the CIA took on a larger covert role. The Act and subsequent changes improved U.S. security coordination and intelligence gathering capabilities from World War II through current times.
The document discusses Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech and the violence in American cities in 1963 that helped advance civil rights for African Americans. It provides context on nonviolent protests that were met with police brutality in cities like Birmingham. The violence included police using dogs and fire hoses on protestors. MLK's protests in Birmingham also faced brutality and bombings. Other events discussed include the murders of Medgar Evers and the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church. The document also summarizes MLK's iconic "I Have a Dream" speech delivered at the March on Washington.
History civil rights compared to anti-apartheid movement (1)jtrip
The document discusses the goals and tactics of apartheid in South Africa, including racial segregation and discrimination in areas like housing, education, employment, and political participation. It also profiles Nelson Mandela's resistance to apartheid through organizations like the African National Congress and his eventual imprisonment for 27 years. The research question compares Mandela's anti-apartheid movement to the American Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s in their shared goals of achieving equal rights and ending racist policies and laws.
The Ford Model-T revolutionized America's transportation industry through Henry Ford's innovations in assembly line production. Ford developed the moving assembly line, which reduced production time for each Model-T from over 12 hours to just 93 minutes. This lowered costs, allowing Ford to sell over 15 million Model-Ts by 1927 and make car ownership affordable for the masses. However, Ford's rubber plantation city of Fordlandia in Brazil failed due to difficulties managing the remote jungle environment.
Spies during the Cold War tried to gain information through surveillance, recruiting foreign sources, and tapping communications. They would write reports on the information obtained and send it back to their headquarters to be analyzed. At the time, this information was beneficial for the United States because it helped the country understand and prepare for tensions with the Soviet Union without openly fighting. The information could inform military plans in the event of a war.
Fidel Castro rose to power in Cuba in 1959 after Fulgencio Batista's corrupt and oppressive regime was overthrown. Castro established a communist government, nationalized foreign-owned businesses including American properties, and aligned Cuba with the Soviet Union. This damaged relations with the US, which imposed an economic embargo on Cuba. Tensions escalated during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 when Soviet nuclear missiles were deployed in Cuba. Over subsequent decades, Castro suppressed dissent and restricted freedoms in Cuba while over a million Cubans fled the country, though relations have remained tense between the US and Cuba.
Andy Warhol was shot on June 3, 1968 by Valerie Solanas. While the shooting concerned the art world, it did not greatly affect America as the assassination of President Kennedy occurred just two days later. Warhol was inspired by everyday life and events, creating works like silkscreen prints of car crashes and celebrities. He pioneered new techniques in art and had a lasting impact beyond just the artistic community, becoming an American icon who showed a new perspective through his work.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin illegal. It led to some desegregation of schools and public facilities in the South. However, violence and unrest continued, such as the 1964 murders of three civil rights workers - Michael Schwerner, Andrew Goodman and James Chaney - by the KKK in Mississippi. Their deaths highlighted ongoing racial tensions and the need for further progress on civil rights.
60 Minutes was groundbreaking as the first news magazine show on television. It introduced short 15-minute segments that condensed complex topics into compelling stories. This helped audiences stay engaged where documentaries had failed. 60 Minutes pioneered investigative journalism techniques like hidden cameras. It became a cultural touchstone, with people making sure to watch it every Sunday at 7 pm. Correspondents like Mike Wallace became household names and the show influenced the style of television news reporting. 60 Minutes set the standard for in-depth, well-researched stories and remains one of the most popular and respected news programs today.
The cyclotron was invented by Leo Szilard in the early 1900s and accelerated the development of nuclear physics and particle accelerators. It allowed scientists to produce radionuclides for medical imaging like PET scans and treat cancer with proton therapy. Szilard later regretted his role in nuclear weapons and founded the Council for a Livable World to advocate for arms control. The cyclotron continues to be used for fundamental particle physics research and medical isotopes, influencing fields from astrophysics to medicine.
The document discusses the origins of Superman and his creators Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster. It suggests that Superman was influenced by Jewish mythology and symbolism, with Kal-El and Jor-El's Kryptonian names reflecting this, and that Superman's origin story of arriving from another world to help humanity mirrors the biblical story of Moses.
The document discusses the Gilded Age in America from 1873 to 1893, a period of immense industrial growth and wealth accumulation by prominent businessmen known as "robber barons", but also rampant political corruption. It describes how under the presidency of Ulysses S. Grant from 1869 to 1877, the national debt ballooned as the economy boomed but scandals like the Crédit Mobilier affair eroded trust in government. Political machines like New York's Tammany Hall, led by Boss Tweed, exploited loose regulations and used patronage systems to entrench corruption at the local level. Despite new prosperity, the rise of labor unions showed growing unrest with the lack of reforms during this era.
The document provides information about three early American civilizations:
The Maya civilization flourished from 250-900 AD in Central America, developing one of the few fully written languages of the Americas as well as advanced mathematical, astronomical and architectural achievements. However, they mysteriously declined around 900 AD.
The Aztec civilization dominated central Mexico from 1250-1521 AD, practicing intensive agriculture and human sacrifice on a large scale while expanding their influence.
The Inca civilization spanned Peru and Chile from 1220-1532 AD, emphasizing a centrally managed economy focused on agriculture and redistribution of wealth over military conquest, with a polytheistic religion centered on sun worship.
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
Essential Tools for Modern PR Business .pptxPragencyuk
Discover the essential tools and strategies for modern PR business success. Learn how to craft compelling news releases, leverage press release sites and news wires, stay updated with PR news, and integrate effective PR practices to enhance your brand's visibility and credibility. Elevate your PR efforts with our comprehensive guide.
04062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
Acolyte Episodes review (TV series) The Acolyte. Learn about the influence of the program on the Star Wars world, as well as new characters and story twists.
1. By : Matt Hutchinson
Honors History 9
1936-1940
80 years ago
2. “When you see something that is technically sweet, you go
ahead and do it, and you argue about what to do about it
only after you have had your technical success. That is the
way it was with the atomic bomb.”
-J. Robert Oppenheimer
“The world is a very different one now. For man holds in his
mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human
poverty, and all forms of human life.”
-Kennedy
3.
4.
5. What are the physics behind the atomic bomb and
how has it changed the world politically?
6. In the fall of 1939 Edward Teller drove Leo Szilard to
Einstein's Long Island house; in his hand he held a letter
that urged president Roosevelt to stockpile uranium and
further research in radioactivity.
despite Einstein's pacifist nature he signed the letter after
Szilard reasoned that many more lives would be lost if
Germany had the technology
upon receiving the letter Roosevelt formed the advisory
committee on uranium to determine if a bomb could be
constructed our of fissionable material
7.
8. On October 21, the committee held a meeting and
determined that it would be possible to construct a
bomb out of uranium and perhaps a workable device
could be built by the wars end
US Army Corps of Engineers was given the job of
construction. And lead by Major General
Lesley R. Groves
9. In June 1942 the Manhattan District was created to test
and confirm the feasibility of the theory of an atomic
bomb. This theory earlier theorized in the 1930’s
It spanned more than 30 sites
10.
11. Oakridge- contained a Graphite reactor, built in 1943
and produced the first significant amounts of
plutonium. It also contained a K-25 Gaseous Diffusion
Process Building and Y-12 Beta-3 Racetracks that
contained the necessary equipment to separate the
uranium isotopes.
12. Hanford Washington- contained the B Reactor the
world’s largest-scale plutonium production reactor and
the T plant
Los Alamos New Mexico- the main Building site of the
Manhattan Project and location of Project-Y
Oakridge Tennessee- worked on uranium separation
13. Oppenheimer was the director of the Manhattan
district he was also a theoretical physics teacher at the
University of California
Aside from his work on the atomic bomb he is
recognized for his work on molecular wave functions,
the theory of electrons and positrons, the
Oppenheimer Phillips process, nuclear fusion, his
theory's on Neutron stars and black holes as well as
quantum mechanics and more
Given clearance July 20, 1943
14. He was the child of a German textile owner and a
Boston painter
He grew up vary secluded and alone as a sickly child
He graduated valedictorian and went to Harvard,
during with time he never had a date
He became fascinated with minerals at the age of 5,
specifically crystals
He was a chronic depressant and jerk
but found peace at “hot dog”
15. It employed more than 130,000 people at the cost of $2
billion US dollars (in today's terms roughly $24.4
billion)
Over 90% of the cost was for building factories and
producing the fissionable materials
With less than 10% for development and production of
the weapons
16. Scientists had the problem of how to actually obtain
the radioactive matter (uranium-235)
They tried a multitude of methods for extracting the
needed uranium-235 from its chemically identical
twin, uranium-238
The ratio from uranium ore to uranium metal is 500:1
and 99% of the uranium is uranium-238
They tried multiple methods such as diffusing it
through the means of gas a magnetic methods, but
finally succeeded when they tried the use of the
centrifuge
17.
18. On July 16, 1945 at 5:29 am the first atomic weapon
was detonated
It was dropped from a 100 foot tower producing a yield
200 times grater than the 100 ton TNT test
Produced a crater half mile across and fused the
desert sand into a green glass that still holds trace
amounts of radiation to this day
30,000 ft
19.
20. “few people laughed few people cried most people were
silent. I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture, the
book of Bhagavad Gita, Vishnu is trying to persuade the
prince to do his duty, and to impress him he takes on his
multi armed form and says I have become death the
destroyer of worlds I suppose we all thought that one way
or another.”
- Oppenheimer
23. Was a uranium-235 bomb weighing in at 8,800 lb.
It was carried by a B-29 bomber named Enola Gay from
Tinian to the 7th largest Japanese city of Hiroshima on
August 6 1945 at 8:15 it was dropped and exploded 3
seconds later
It was dropped at an altitude of 31,000ft and detonated at
1,850 ft.
5 square miles were destroyed and an estimated 120,000
died as a result of the blast (40% of the city’s population)
Roughly 70,000 buildings were destroyed of the 76,000
buildings “The city was hidden by an awful cloud, boiling
up, mushrooming, terrible and incredibly tall”
-Colonel Tibbets
24. Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr. (1915-2007) – Pilot and Aircraft commander
Captain Robert A. Lewis (1917-1983) – Co-pilot; Enola Gay's assigned
aircraft commander*
Major Thomas Ferebee (1918–2000) – Bombardier
Captain Theodore Van Kirk (1921-) – Navigator
U.S. Navy Captain William S. Parsons (1901–1953) – Weaponeer and bomb
commander.
Lieutenant Jacob Beser (1921–1992) – Radar countermeasures
Second Lieutenant Morris R. Jeppson (1922–2010) – Assistant weaponeer
Technical Sergeant George R. Caron (1919-1995) – Tail gunner*
Technical Sergeant Wyatt E. Duzenberry – Flight engineer*
Sergeant Joe S. Stiborik (1914-1984) – Radar operator*
Sergeant Robert H. Shumard (1920-1967) – Assistant flight engineer*
Private First Class Richard H. Nelson (1925-2003) – VHF radio operator*
25. A=TriNitroToluene
B=plutonium
The energy source is a mass of radioactive material such
as uranium or plutonium. This material is very unstable;
every atom's nucleus is ready to fall apart or decay at the
slightest metaphorical bump, releasing the energy that
was used to hold the atom together and extra neutrons.
(B) is given that bump by the outer casing (A), which
explodes all around it.
26. In order to drop the bomb the “gun” method was
utilized
It involved a uranium plug being shot by an artillery
gun into a stationary uranium sphere at 3,000ft per
second to achieve critical mass
The 2 halves of the critical mass are joined together to
result in an explosion
Critical mass=the minimum amount of energy needed for a nuclear reaction
27. Within an 1,000 yard radius human bodies literally
melted in a temperature of about 5,432 degrees
Fahrenheit
Further away a compression wave destroyed their
internal organs
Survivors would have staggered around, stripped of
their cloths and their skin flayed. Some fell dead as
they walked
90% of the doctors were killed
Each day 2,000 people died
28. The bomb exploded
within 550 ft of its target
The width of the fire ball
= 18,000 ft
4 miles square, in the 40,000ft high
city's center the ground
was charred
29. President Truman was eating lunch when he was
handed a decoded message “results clear cut,
successful in all respects.”
That afternoon Truman gave a warning to the Japanese
"If they do not now accept our terms, they may expect a reign
of ruin from the air the like of which has never been seen on
this earth.”
30. 3 days after Hiroshima was bombed the Soviet Red
army entered the Japanese healed territory of
Manchuria.
They did this not to cease hostilities but to gain territory.
Defeat was imminent for Japan
Emperor Hirohito even admitted “it is necessary to
study and decide the termination of the war”
31. Was an plutonium-239 bomb weighing in at 10,200 lb
It was carried by a B-29 named the Bock's Car from
Tania and was intended to be dropped on the city of
Kokura on August 9 1945 11:02
Due to the obscuring cloud cover the bomb had to be
dropped on its secondary target, the southwestern
port of Nagasaki
The city was sheltered by hills but it still killed an
estimated 74,000 from a population of only 270,000
32. Maj Charles W. Sweeney, aircraft commander
Capt Charles Donald Albury, co-pilot (pilot of Crew C-15)
2nd Lt Fred Olivi, regular co-pilot
Capt James van Pelt, navigator
Capt Kermit Beahan, bombardier
Master Sergeant John D. Kuharek, flight engineer
SSgt Ray Gallagher, gunner, assistant flight engineer
SSgt Edward Buckley, radar operator
Sgt Abe Spitzer, radio operator
Sgt Albert Dehart, tail gunner
CDR Frederick L. Ashworth (USN), weaponeer
LT Philip Barnes (USN), assistant weaponeer
2nd Lt Jacob Beser, radar countermeasures
33. B=the central core made up of trillions hydrogen
isotopes called deuterium and tritium.
A= Small atomic bombs cause the deuterium and
tritium to be squeezed into a very dense mass, which
causes nuclear fusion, releasing great quantities of
energy.
C= bomb casing, which is made from uranium,
undergoes fission, creating even more energy.
In other words, an atomic bomb sets off a fusion
bomb, which also triggers another atomic bomb!
34. The block of deuterium and tritium atoms are
squeezed into a super-dense mass. Nuclei of these two
isotopes are squeezed together by the force of the
explosion.
The force is so great that it causes the nuclei to
combine. But this new nucleus requires less energy to
keep it together, and there is one less neutron needed.
This excess energy, and the neutron, escapes as
radiation.
Example;
not always as shown
35. The bomb exploded
several miles from its
target
45,000ft high
36. The same day of the Nagasaki attack the Japanese
prime minister asked emperor Hirohito to decide on
the issue of surrender
On August 14 the emperor made a radio broadcast
telling the Japanese to lay down their arms
On August 28 Douglas McArthur, supreme Allied
commander of the Pacific, arrived at Japan with his
occupying army
“Something huge had just cracked… the
proud dream of greater Japan”
-Robert Guillino (French reporter)
37. On September 2 the Japanese instrument of surrender
was signed the battleship the USS Missouri
Japan was no longer a sovereign nation its own
administration was in the hands of the occupying
government
Representatives came from Britain, Australia and New
Zealand, the empire was to be broken up
38. The US was to have authority in several strategic
Pacific islands and to supervise the South Korean
Government they also provided the effective
distribution of supplies
The soviet union was allowed to keep its conquests in
Manchuria, North Korea and Kuril
The Republic of China was to take Taiwan
A tribunal was established to put leading Japanese
military leaders on trial for war crimes
39. 11 months after the detonation of “Fat Man” operation
crossroads was put into action.
The test was carried out in order to determine if an
American naval fleet could survive an atomic blast.
They situated 200 German, Japanese and American
ships and 140 planes in Bikini bay and waited to
detonate atomic bombs number 4 and 5
Able- would be dropped from a B-29
Baker-would be detonated 90ft below the water
41. They positioned the ships and placed animals on oars
in order to test the effect the blasts would have on
organic mater.
After the bombs were dropped and detonated they
concluded that no organism could survive the blast
and that a submerged bomb did much more damage.
They also concluded that when a atomic bomb goes off
the area becomes a bit radioactive
42.
43. The objective was to test and perfect atomic bomb
designs
An island 200 miles west of Bikini was used as a
research facility.
They gathered samples for ground 0 in order to test
the radiation content.
44. These samples played a curtail role in design
improvisation, the fat man and little boy designs were
soon obsolete.
Projects:
Green house
Ivy- full scale H bomb
Ob shot knot hole- a series of 11 atomic bomb tests in
Nevada, including the first atomic canon
Castle-bravo- the largest atmospheric bomb ever
detonated in U.S. history
Operation wigwam- the deep underwater portion of
Operation Cross Roads (11 years later)
45. Today 9 countries have nuclear weapons amongst
those countries are the Koreans, Russians, Americans
and the French
After the Cuban Missile crisis, the USSR and United
States along with the United Nations' International
Atomic Energy Agency opened negotiations aimed at
limiting the threat of nuclear war. They started
negotiating a way to limit the scope and dangers posed
by the global atomic arms race.
47. Partial Test Ban Treaty – 1963-prohibits nuclear tests in
the atmosphere, in outer space and underwater. (not
France or China)
Non-Proliferation Treaty – 1968-Made it illegal for
possessing countries to share info. Or technology on
nuclear bombs
SALT I- 1969-1972- aimed to limit and restrain land and
submarine based nuclear weapons, a 5year agreement to
limit construction of intercontinental missile sites ad
other nuclear missile sights
48. Antiballistic Missile Treaty – 1972- between us & Russia,
restricted the development of defensive missiles and
allowed each country to have only 2 launch stations.
SALT II - 1972-1979- intended to lengthen the 5 year treaty
from SALT I, and also put a more long lasting agreement in
place
Threshold Test Ban Treaty – 1974- Prohibited
underground nuclear weapons testing exceeding 150
kilotons
49. In the first millionth of a second the fire ball would be
500 meters across
Within 10 seconds it would grow to one mile
The temperature would rise to 20 million degrees
Fahrenheit (hotter than the surface of the sun)
The blast would generate winds traveling at 60 miles
an hour, destroying everything in its path (dissipates)
10’s of city blocks would be melted, the trees, the
people the cars even the upper level of the earth
Everyone within a 5 mile radius will die
50. People who are lucky enough to be 8 or 9 miles away
would experience it as a blast with window shards
traveling at more than 100 miles an hour
100,000’s of fires would join together in one big fire
storm for miles across and ignite everything
flammable for 11 miles across, devouring massive
amounts of oxygen
Everyone looking in the direction of the blast would
be blinded. Your lungs and eardrums would rupture
from the pressure
51. If doctors could get there in time they would be
treating injuries such as broken bones from people
being thrown into buildings and crushed form debris,
3rd degree burns
The body does have a repair rate for radiation but the
doses would be so sudden and great that it would
overwhelm the body
Their would be public panic with people worrying if
there next
52. Why is it that even though America is the only country
that has used the bomb in a war and yet Americans
seem to be the ones most concerned about preventing
other countries from getting that technology?
And
Should other countries get nuclear weapons?
53. Do you think that the A bomb was a good thing and
benefited the nation/world?
54. The bomb operates on the fissionable material of
uranium and plutonium to produce a chain reaction
of radiation. It has also allowed countries such as
China, North Korea, Russia and America to utilize the
fear of nuclear war as a political weapon. Fear after all
is the most powerful weapon.
Editor's Notes
Bomb- from Latin bombus deep hollow soundUranium comes from Uranus idk why Plutonium- from Pluto idk why
It was like a kid who can’t have a bowel of ice cream. And later that night he snakes downstairs and eats the whole bowl. Later on he feels sick and regrets his actions. That was how it was with the atomic bomb. No one was doing much thinking about what they were really doing all they were thinking about was if this was possible and how to do it.
The # major components were:SaterPrayers and duck tape
PhisicsLatin physica, plural, natural science, from Greek physika, from neuter plural of physikos of nature, from physis growth, nature, from phyein to bring forth
was endorsed in a letter than Einstein sent to Franklin Rooseveltin 1939Lizard dude knew that one that Pence did her presentation on sent the letter along with Edward teller (Jewish theoretical physicist )Lizard couldn’t drive so he got teller to drive him to Einstein's summer home on long island
General groves was disgusted that he had to take it over he said it would never work He’s (Oppenheimer) a genius a real genus he can talk to you about anything you want, well not really he doesn’t know anything about sports Groves
The Manhattan project also worked on tempers which shielded from radiation and allowed for more efficiency in the bomb, this lead to bunker tec. We didn’t really partner up with Britain we just exchanged infoOn December 2, 1942 the first self sustained chin reaction pile was operated by EnricoFarme
The trinity site is now the white sands missile range Ok ridge made uranium Hanford Washington would later make plutonium
Los Alamos-Other buildings at site destroyed by the Cerro Grande fire in May 2000. There were a great deal of children being born here but the project was so secretive that there birth certificate read “PO Box 1663 in Santa Fe”Conspirators think these site was later used to test night vision tec. from aliensOakridge- consumed one 10th of the power produced in the us and was the 5th largest town in Tennessee
He also allegedly had access to the Roswell crash siteConcerns over clearance b/c his girl friend (Jean Talock) bro and his bros wife were comunists, he however never was and the FBI took 30 years to prove thatThe black hole thing and the cemeteric explosion- explain similarity People thought he shouldn’t have the job b/c he didn’t have a Nobel prize He had never really directed anything After the creation of the atomic bomb he was put on trial in a shabby court room in DC, security concerns were heightened by the out break of the cold warWhile working on the project he lived on cigarettes and martinis
Picked on, shielded by knowledge- they called him a boob And at the age of 10 he wrote to the mineralogical center, they then asked him unknowingly (age 10) to give a lecture He was arrogantGraduated Harvard in 3 years He wasn’t really coordinated for a laboratoryHe went on to research theoretical physics in Germany He was ambidextrous – cigarette & chalk story He also wrote poems “Hot dog” was a small cabin in New Mexico that his father leased for him and his brother There he was more adventurous and happyHe once wrote that his two loves were physics and desert country He wasn’t really affected by the depression and politics seemed gorse to him- just like in his childhood he didn’t understand humanityBut that all changed when he met Jean Talock, who was very involved politically and also a communist She was also as Oppenheimer found out after she dumped him, probably gayWhile working on the project he found out she still loved him and 6months after they met again she killed herself 5 weeks after seeing her groves forcibly gave him security clearance Meet kitty Harrison (communist), in 1940 Oppenheimer became kitties 4th husband Later they had their first son, Peter was born and they began cutting communist tiesThey later had another child, a girlAnd a dog
Each scientist working on the project would be responsible for about 100 deaths
98 percent of earth uranium is 238Uranium is more common than tinUses uranium in as gas form, previous to this they could only use a magnet to shed the needed 235 off the 238 they would have a trackEnriching uranium requires 1000’s of centrifuges working for months or years Before this tec. they used the magnetic diffusion and the gaseous diffusionOne uranium nugget=149 gal of oil or 1 ton of coal or 17,000 cubic ft of gas France German Japan the soviet union and every capable country began to try and achieve nuclear fusion after the news leaked out (security wasn’t tight and would later be urged to change)
over a million pounds of pleasure and, vaporizing the tower and everything with in a half a mileThe light for the blast would of caused temporary blindness to an 10 mile away observerJust before the atomic explosion Oppenheimer was reeding French poems and the scientists herd the frogs croaking and having sex
Oppenheimer studied Hindu scriptures
An EMP reacts with the heavy metals in the air which knockout electronics
The us government actually prevented Hiroshima from being reg. bombed so they could destroy it laterThis was done for scientific reasons
Enola Gay was the name of Tibbets mom After the bomb was released 2 shockwave hit the plain while it made its turn away mover Tinian was used for various reasons including:It was close enough The runways were long enoughAnd the runways could be fitted to load the bombsThe B-29 was a Japanese work horse it had four propellers that allowed it to fly at an altitude of 40,000ft. It had a maximum carrying capacity of 9 tons and a range of 3,750 miles
Purple=only man to fly on both missions yellow/gold= the people who knew the perpous of the mission * Are regulars
It joined a ball and a plug so there was maximum contact
The compression waves (2) pushed the plain 9 milesThe Enola gay crew could see the city of fire from 30 miles awayPeople flocked to the river, the death and bodies turned it into stixThe area had 200 doctors before the attackThe area also had 45 hospitals, only 3 were usable
The first bullet is relative to 2 foot ball fields
Blues are additional membersPurple attended both missions
It was an implosion bomb a bunch of explosive lenses surrounded a ball of plutonium that would detonate and squeeze it togetherScientists didn’t know it would work: it would have to be timed exactlyisotopeis- + Greek topos place
Germany discovered this first
The medical college stood 600 yd from the center and 198 died in it The penitentiary stood 300 yd from the center and 140 prisoners died in their cells
The broadcast was the first time the Japanese ever herd there emperors voice
Oppenheimer opposed the test and even wrote a letter to TrumanTruman disowned the letter and caller him “that crybaby scientist”Bikini is between Japan and HawaiiThey actually had to ask the native people to move his people It was June 30th 1946 at 5:30Smoke was 90 miles high
The placed these animals here to test how a person could shield himself from the blast
Project names sometimes are like car model names, they don’t mean any (legacy, avenger)
An EMP reacts with the heavy metals in the air which knockout electronics
In 1949 Russia gets the bomb and every one in scared, for years there has been a balanceRussia had the men and we had he bombWhen Russia gets the bomb were are kind of like o crap we don’t have our power anymore.Julius Rosenberg and his wife, Etha, gave Russia nuclear knowledge, they were then given the electric chair at sing-sing prisonJulius went first somberly and never said a wordEtha went second and after a shock the straps were taken off only to find she was still alive. She then had to be re-strapped to be killed. A plume of smoke came from her head and after 2 jolts she was dead, officiallyThere 2 children were now orphans
SALT= Strategic Arms Limitation Talks Oppenheimer wanted to nationalize the knowledge of atomic weapons for security purposes
For people close enough their skin would turn into carbon
The radiation burns the back/retna of your eye Fire storms would also form which is when the fire s consume massive amounts of oxygen and the uneven air flow causes a kind of fire tornado
the radiation on the edges would of been = to 1,000's of chest x-raysAlfa and Beta partials can only enter through breaks in your skin, cuts mouth ect.if the radiation is intense enough it will look like a burn you could get cancer 20-30 years laterThe vary cells you need to heal are dying Blisters will form- layers of skin will shed off- your body is preparing to shut down