"Without History anything can be nothing"

1. HISTORY OF PRINT AND
BROADCASTING
MS .Amaninder kaur
Assistant professer
UIMS
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2. Early newspapers of Calcutta, Madras and
Bombay
Campus: Gharuan, Mohali

3. • The first newspaper in India was the “Bengal
Gazette”, also known as the Calcutta General
Advertiser, which appeared on 29 January 1780.
• It was edited by James Augustus Hicky
• The year 1818 marks the beginning of Bengali
journalism, with Samachar Darpan as the first
newspaper in Bengali language published by
Serampore Mission Press on May 23, 1818
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4. • The first ever Indian language newspaper Samachar Darpan
(Bengali) was started in the Bengali language.
• Interestingly, the history of vernacular newspapers began with a
controversy; a section of the scholars believe that Samachar
Darpan started (under the editorship of J. C. Marshman) by the
Serampore Missionaries in 1818 was the first Bengali newspaper,
while some others give the credit to Vangal Gazette of
Gangakishore Bhattacharya.
•
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5. • Ganga Kishore Bhattacharya, a teacher and reformist, started
the first Bangla weekly Bengal Gazette in early 1818 assisted
by Raja rammohan Roy
• Another remarkable Bengali journal Sambad Kaumadi was
published under the patronage of Rammohan Roy in 1821,
however, it did not survive for long
• Sambad Prabhakar was the first Bengali daily newspaper
published in 1839, patronized by Ishwar Chandra Gupta
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6. • The first Gujarati newspaper Bombay Samachar was
launched in 1822. Thus, the foundation of the Indian
language Press, called by the colonial rulers as the'
vernacular Press', was laid during the phase (1818-
1868)
• It was during this phase that the Bombay Times was
started (in 1838) by leading merchants in Bombay,
which later (in 1861) became the Times of India.
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7. • The other Bengali journals during this time were
Samachar Chandrika, Bangadoot, Vividhartha Sangrah
(1851), Masik Patra (1854) and Som Prakash (1851)
• The early Bengali papers took up the cause of the
oppressed workers in the indigo plantation and of the
peasants
• The Madras Courier was the first newspaper to be
published in Madras, Madras Presidency, British
India and one of the first in India.
• It first appeared in the English language on October 12,
1785. It was started by Richard Johnston.
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8. • The Mail, known as The Madras Mail till 1928,
was an English-language daily evening newspaper
published in the Madras Presidency from 1868 to
1981. It is the first evening newspaper in India
• The Madras Pioneer is a weekly paper published
in Madras, Oregon, United States, since 1904. It is
published on Wednesdays and has a circulation of
4,124.
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9. • We look at the growth of the Indian Press during the British Raj in four
phases on the lines of the periodisation scheme
• The preparatory phase, which extended from 1780 to 1818, was
characterised by stringent government regulation and control.
• Lord Wellesley (1798-1805) appointed an official censor before whom
newspapers had to submit complete infonnation well in advance of
commencement of publication; failing to do so was punishable and could
even lead to deportment.
• Several editors during this period were deported at short notice to Europe
without trial. Several others were censured and made to apologise.
• A number of newspapers were born and died. A prominent one that
appeared during the period was Bombay Herald (1789), the first Bombay-
based newspaper.
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10. • Bombay Gazette (Established in 1789) was among
the first English newspapers published
from Bombay, India
• Initially founded in 1789 as the "Bombay Herald", the
newspaper's name was changed to "Bombay
Gazette" in 1791
• The Bombay Samachar, now Mumbai Samachar is
the oldest continuously
published newspaper in India. Established in 1822
by Fardunjee Marzban, it is published in Gujarati and
English
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11. • The Hindustan Times
• The Hindustan Times is a leading English daily of India and
is also popularly known as HT. Master Sunder Singh
Lyallpuri who is the founder of the Akali Movement and the
Shiromani Akali Dal in Punjab
• Launched the paper in 1924. Mahatma Gandhi attended
the launching ceremony of the paper. The first issue was
published from Naya Bazar, New Delhi.
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12. The Spectator (newspaper)
• The Spectator was an English-language
newspaper published from Madras between 1836
and 1859. It is the first daily newspaper to be
published from the city.
• The Spectator was founded as a weekly in 1836
with J. Ouchterlony as its first publisher.
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13. Amrita Bazar Patrika
• Amrita Bazar Patrika, one of the oldest newspapers in
India, was at the forefront of the struggle of the
common people against oppressive colonial policies.
• Amrita Bazar Patrika was started in 1868 by two
brothers, Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Moti Lal Ghosh, sons of
a wealthy merchant in the Bengal province. Their family
had built a bazar and had named it after Amritamoyee,
the mother of Sisir and Moti Lal Ghosh. Amrita Bazaar
Patrika first started out as a weekly newspaper
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14. Growth of Indian
Language Press
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15. Campus: Gharuan, Mohali

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17. • During the early days, the language press
was looked down upon as ‘vernacular
dailies’ by the English press
• Indian economy is basically a rural economy.
More than 60% of our population lives in
the rural areas.
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18. Campus: Gharuan, Mohali

19. • A paradigm shift has been visible in the rural
population over the past 50 or 60 years.
• Indian farmers, who were classified as born in debt,
live in debt and die in debt, have become one of the
most influential consumer groups in society now.
• Their income levels have increased and along with that,
tastes and preferences have also shown changes.
• This advancement of the rural mass has resulted in the
growth of language newspapers.

20. • But the experiment by some newspapers, especially
in the southern states, of covering local news with
prominence gave a big boost to their circulation.

21. Diversity of the Language press
• During the Independence struggle and after, the Indian
newspapers had flourished and expanded, gaining wider
circulation and extensive readership.
• Compared to many other developing countries, the
growth of the Indian Press has been impressive.
• Apart from English language, newspapers are published
in India in more than 100 languages though
• Only 22 main languages are listed in the Eight Schedule
of the
• Constitution.

22. DEVELOPMENT OF KESARI AND
OTHER MARATHI NEWSPAPER
• The first Marathi fortnightly newspaper 'Darpan'
was started by Balshastri Jambhekar on 6th
January 1832.
• On 27th April 1832 'Darpan' became weekly
• It was having 8 pages
• Size was 19"x11.5
• 3 months' subscription was Rs.6

24. • The main objective was welfare of common man and
to educate people with western knowledge
• To create public opinion for development of society
and region.
• But it was closed on 26 June 1840.

25. • After 'Darpan' various newspapers like 'Mumbai
Akhbhar' (1840),
• 'Prabhakar', 'Gyandarshan' were published. Even
in those days,
• There was competition on competitive pricing per
copy
• 'Vartman Dipika' brought their price down to Rs.
5 per year. Where
• Prabhakar was sold at Rs.12 per year.

26. First Marathi daily 'Dyanprakash' was started on 12 Feb.
1849, which lasted long for next 100 years.
• Dyanprakash first time spoke about the freedom of press
and contained few new things like Temperature,
• Market rates,
• Govt. notifications,
• Discussions,
• Crime news,
• Court news, State news & International
• news.
In short Dyanprakash was the format of modern Journalism.

27. • On 2nd Jan 1881, 'Mahratta' in English and on
4th Jan 1881 'Kesari’ were founded.
• Kesari and Mahratta were founded as a mean
to educate people against the slavery of
British Rule.
• In short all the Marathi newspapers started
during second half of nineteenth century and
had specific views to educate the masses and
Newspaper was a business proposition.

28. History of Marathi newspapers
three major parts they are :
• Views Paper :
Marathi newspapers were founded by great men
• Jambhekar, Tilak, Chiplunkar, Agarkar, Namjoshi, Dr. Ambedkar
• As a mean to educate the people against the slavery of
imperialism, social and economic crises.
• They used the newspapers as a weapon to fight the established
systems and educate the masses

29. News Paper
• After Independence newspapers slowly converted
themselves from viewspaper to newspaper.
• Their objectives were transferred to
• Equality
• Democracy
• Development and
• Betterment of mankind.
Newspapers became fourth pillar of Democracy.

30. Newspaper as business proposition
In order to grab the power of fourth estate and as a
weapon of mass media, various industrialists and political
leaders started newspapers as a business proposition.
• Today newspapers have become consumer's product to
meet the market demand and satisfy the customers.
• Newspaper, in the past were views papers
• after Independence became newspapers to serve the
needs of customer.

32. • This is indeed phenomenal in the history of
vernacular journalism in India as it is the one
and only newspaper in vernacular languages
that is being published by a Trust for the last
130 years.
• 'Kesari' has pursued this course with the
• Aim of 'Swaraj' (Self-government) in the pre-
independence period and

33. News Agencies
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34. • News agency is wholesaler of News
• Newspapers all over the world depend exclusively to a large
extent on news agencies for news flow
• Larger media houses do not have their own abroad news
network
• News agencies circulate important national
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35. • News agency provide news reports of current events
to newspapers and others who subscribe to its service
• Foreign news in the Indian English daily newspapers
exclusively depended on agencies like Reuters and
A.P.
Functions of News Agency
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36. • The United News of India (UNI), founded in 1961, has emerged as
one of the largest news agencies in India with several hundred
subscribers across the length and breadth of the nation.
• The agency’s subscribers include:
- Newspapers published in 14 languages,
- All India Radio and Doordarshan,
- The Prime Minister’s Office as well as Union Ministers’
offices
- Central and State governments
- Corporate and commercial houses
- Electronic and web based media
History of News Agency Journalism in India
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37. • Press Council of India (PCI) in its first Press Commission
report (1952–1954) emphasized on the importance of second
news agency so that they can act as corrective to each other.
• But even after the support of PCI, United Press of
India collapsed in 1958, due to financial problems.
• So some leading newspapers felt the need of a second news
agency along with Press Trust of India.
• This led to the formation of United News of India under
Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy,
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38. • Reuters is an international news agency headquartered
in London, England.
• It is a division of Thomson Reuters.
• It was established in 1851.
• Since the acquisition of Reuters Group by the Thomson
Corporation in 2008, the Reuters news agency has been a part of
Thomson Reuters, making up the media division. Reuters
transmits news in
•
English, French, Arabic, Spanish, German, Italian, Portuguese, Russ
ian, Japanese, Korean, Urdu, and Chinese.
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39. • The Internet makes the media highly competitive
• Presently the agencies are struggling to retain their
subscription client
• The internet makes it easy to participate in the news making
process.
• It has no borders, no regulations and no limitations – in a
positive and a negative way
Challenges of News Agency
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40. • Agence France-Presse (AFP) is an international news
agency headquartered in Paris, France.
• AFP is the third largest news agency in the world, after
the Associated Press (AP) and Reuters.
• Journalists of the French Resistance established the AFP in the
headquarters
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41. THANKYOU
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42. References
Vir Bala aggarwal/Handbook of journalism and
mass communication/
Keval j. kumar/Mass communication in india/
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