The document discusses the history of the Indian Constitution. It covers the development of the constitution from independence to the present day. However, no other details were provided in the document to summarize further in just 3 sentences.
The slides relate to Part - III of the Indian Constitution i.e. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS. It elaborates on the concept and meaning of State under the constitution. Useful for Law students and Professionals.
Fundamental Duties are enshrined under Part IV A of the Constitution of India. The duties though not justifiable but are integral to constitutional spirit.
The document discusses the Constituent Assembly of India, which was elected to draft the Constitution of India after independence from Britain. It describes the Assembly's objectives of drafting, approving, and promulgating the constitution. It also summarizes the process of drafting the constitution, including borrowing features from other countries. Key figures involved included Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as chairman of the drafting committee. The constitution was finally adopted on November 26, 1949 and came into effect on January 26, 1950, marking the transition of India to a sovereign republic.
The document provides an overview of the Indian Constitution. It discusses that a constitution is a written set of rules that defines the structure and powers of a government. It then outlines the history of the Indian Constitution, including how the Constituent Assembly was formed in 1946 to draft the constitution after independence from Britain. Key details on the drafting process over three years and the main features of the Indian Constitution are also summarized, such as its length, blend of flexibility and rigidity, and guarantee of fundamental rights and duties.
please download it for better experience..The ppt is about the basic introduction to the Constitution of India. It is not limited to law students but fit for every citizen of India whose duty is to know the constitution of our country. So keeping that in mind, the ppt is made in a very simple understanding format.
1) The document discusses national emergencies in India, including the constitutional provisions around declaring emergencies and the effects.
2) Three national emergencies have been declared in India - in 1962 due to the Sino-Indian war, in 1971 due to the Indo-Pak war, and in 1975 by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
3) The 1975 emergency is considered the "black spot on democracy" due to the huge misuse of power through preventive detention laws and suspension of civil liberties.
Historical background of the Indian constitution - MCN202 (Module 1)Shamin Muth
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help regulate emotions and stress levels.
The Indian constitution contains both federal and unitary features that define the relationship between the central and state governments. Some unitary features include a strong central government, single citizenship, and the ability of parliament to amend the constitution without state consent. Federal features include a written constitution that divides powers between the central and state lists, an independent judiciary, and representation of states in the upper house. Financial and administrative relations are also established to balance power between the two levels of government.
The slides relate to Part - III of the Indian Constitution i.e. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS. It elaborates on the concept and meaning of State under the constitution. Useful for Law students and Professionals.
Fundamental Duties are enshrined under Part IV A of the Constitution of India. The duties though not justifiable but are integral to constitutional spirit.
The document discusses the Constituent Assembly of India, which was elected to draft the Constitution of India after independence from Britain. It describes the Assembly's objectives of drafting, approving, and promulgating the constitution. It also summarizes the process of drafting the constitution, including borrowing features from other countries. Key figures involved included Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as chairman of the drafting committee. The constitution was finally adopted on November 26, 1949 and came into effect on January 26, 1950, marking the transition of India to a sovereign republic.
The document provides an overview of the Indian Constitution. It discusses that a constitution is a written set of rules that defines the structure and powers of a government. It then outlines the history of the Indian Constitution, including how the Constituent Assembly was formed in 1946 to draft the constitution after independence from Britain. Key details on the drafting process over three years and the main features of the Indian Constitution are also summarized, such as its length, blend of flexibility and rigidity, and guarantee of fundamental rights and duties.
please download it for better experience..The ppt is about the basic introduction to the Constitution of India. It is not limited to law students but fit for every citizen of India whose duty is to know the constitution of our country. So keeping that in mind, the ppt is made in a very simple understanding format.
1) The document discusses national emergencies in India, including the constitutional provisions around declaring emergencies and the effects.
2) Three national emergencies have been declared in India - in 1962 due to the Sino-Indian war, in 1971 due to the Indo-Pak war, and in 1975 by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
3) The 1975 emergency is considered the "black spot on democracy" due to the huge misuse of power through preventive detention laws and suspension of civil liberties.
Historical background of the Indian constitution - MCN202 (Module 1)Shamin Muth
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help regulate emotions and stress levels.
The Indian constitution contains both federal and unitary features that define the relationship between the central and state governments. Some unitary features include a strong central government, single citizenship, and the ability of parliament to amend the constitution without state consent. Federal features include a written constitution that divides powers between the central and state lists, an independent judiciary, and representation of states in the upper house. Financial and administrative relations are also established to balance power between the two levels of government.
Constitution of india directive principles of state policy and fundamental d...Dr. Vikas Khakare
This contains Directive Principles of State Policy under the Constitution of India. The relation between directive principle of State policy and fundamental rights. It also contains fundamental duties in the Constitution of India.
The document discusses key aspects of the Indian constitution including the preamble. It notes that the preamble establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic that aims to secure justice, liberty, equality and dignity for all citizens. The preamble draws from both French and Russian philosophical traditions. It has been amended once to add the words 'socialist', 'secular', and 'integrity'. There is debate around whether the preamble is legally part of the constitution, with courts ultimately ruling that it is part of the basic constitutional structure.
Federalism: Meaning and Importance
Quasi-Federalism in India
Unitary and Federal Features in India
Centre-State Relations: Division of Powers
Challenges faced by Indian Federalism
This document summarizes key aspects of Article 19 of the Indian Constitution, which protects certain fundamental rights of citizens. It discusses the rights to freedom of speech, assembly, association, movement, residence, and occupation as outlined in Article 19(1). It then examines reasonable restrictions that can be imposed on these rights as per Articles 19(2)-19(6) in the interests of sovereignty, public order, morality, etc. Case laws are cited to illustrate how the Supreme Court has interpreted and applied these rights and restrictions over time. The document provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of the fundamental rights protected by Article 19.
Salient features of the indian constitutionAnnumchaudhary
The Indian constitution is the longest and most detailed in the world. It establishes India as a sovereign socialist secular democratic republic with a parliamentary system of government. The constitution provides for fundamental rights and duties of citizens and defines the structure of government. The two houses of parliament are the Rajya Sabha, which is a permanent body with one third of members retiring every two years, and the Lok Sabha, which has about 500 members elected directly by voters for five year terms.
The document discusses the preamble of the Indian constitution. It provides background on how the preamble was drafted and adopted, explaining that it was based on the objective resolution introduced by Nehru. It describes the key elements and objectives outlined in the preamble, including that India is a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic that aims to secure justice, liberty, equality and promote fraternity. It discusses debates around whether the preamble is legally part of the constitution. While an early case held it was not, the Kesavananda Bharati case and later rulings found that it is a part of the constitution that can provide context to interpretation.
The document discusses the rule of law in India. It defines the rule of law and outlines A.V. Dicey's three postulates: supremacy of law, equality before the law, and predominance of legal spirit. It examines how the rule of law is reflected in the Indian constitution through fundamental rights, judicial independence, and judicial review. Several Supreme Court cases have upheld the rule of law as a basic feature of the constitution. In conclusion, while not expressly mentioned, the rule of law governs India as a fundamental principle of constitutional governance.
The document discusses the need for and process of amending the Indian constitution. It notes that all constitutions need to evolve over time to meet changing societal needs. The Indian constitution allows for amendment through simple majority votes, 2/3rd majority votes of parliament, or 2/3rd majority plus ratification by state legislatures depending on the type of amendment. However, the Supreme Court established in the Kesavananda Bharati case that amendments cannot alter the "basic structure" or fundamental founding principles of the constitution like its democratic and secular nature. The basic structure doctrine places important limits on the amendment power of parliament.
The Indian Constitution is the longest written constitution in the world. It has 448 articles across 22 parts and 12 schedules, and has undergone 124 amendments. Some key features include:
- It establishes a federal structure of government while maintaining a unitary bias.
- It provides for a parliamentary democracy and independent judiciary.
- It establishes fundamental rights and duties of citizens as well as directive principles of state policy.
- Through judicial interpretations, it recognizes the basic structure doctrine which protects certain core features of the constitution from being amended.
The president of India has several important powers according to the constitution. These include executive powers over the administration, legislative powers such as introducing bills and approving or returning acts of parliament, financial powers such as approving the national budget, judicial powers like pardoning convicted criminals, and emergency powers to declare different types of emergencies. The president can exercise these powers directly or through subordinate officers. Additionally, the president has the power to appoint key government officials and acts as commander-in-chief of the armed forces. While the president has significant authority, executive powers must be exercised according to the constitution and are subject to limited judicial review.
This document discusses Article 14 of the Indian constitution, which guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of laws. It covers the following key points:
- Article 14 is based on the English common law doctrine of rule of law and the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution.
- It guarantees both equality before law, meaning all are equally subject to the ordinary law without privileges, and equal protection of laws, meaning equal treatment in equal circumstances without discrimination.
- The state has an obligation to ensure equality and cannot deny equality through arbitrary, unreasonable, or discriminatory laws or actions. Classification of groups must be based on intelligent differentia with a reasonable nexus to the object.
The document provides information about the preamble and key features of the Constitution of India. It discusses that the preamble lays out the objectives and ideals of the constitution, establishing India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic. It guarantees justice, liberty, equality and fraternity to all citizens. The document then summarizes some of the fundamental rights guaranteed in the constitution like right to equality, freedom, freedom of religion, and prohibition of exploitation. It also provides context on the drafting process and the father of the Indian constitution, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
The document discusses the basic structure doctrine of the Indian Constitution. It outlines key cases like Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala that established that Parliament does not have unlimited power to amend the Constitution and cannot damage its basic structure. The basic features identified by judges include the supremacy of the Constitution, republican and democratic form of government, secularism, separation of powers, federalism, and unity and integrity of the nation. Later cases like Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain added free and fair elections as a basic feature, while Minerva Mills v. Union of India established that harmonizing fundamental rights and directive principles is also a basic structure. In conclusion, the basic structure doctrine has
The Kesavananda Bharati case established the basic structure doctrine, limiting Parliament's power to amend the constitution. The 13 judge bench ruled that while Parliament has broad amendment powers, it cannot alter the basic structure or spirit of the constitution. This includes principles like judicial review, secularism, democracy, and the balance between fundamental rights and directive principles. The case paved the way for the Supreme Court to have the power to review and strike down constitutional amendments that violate these basic features of the constitution.
This document discusses several articles from the Indian Constitution related to fundamental rights and freedoms. Article 19 covers six freedoms: speech and expression, assembly, association, movement, residence, and occupation. Article 20 provides protection against ex-post facto laws and double jeopardy. Article 21 covers the right to life and personal liberty. Article 21-A establishes the right to education for children ages 6-14. Article 22 covers protections for arrested or detained persons, including the right to be informed of arrest grounds and to consult a legal practitioner.
This document contains chapter summaries and sample questions for a metallurgy textbook. It covers topics such as crystal structures, solid solutions, phase diagrams, heat treating steel and cast iron, non-ferrous alloys, powder metallurgy, metallography, and non-destructive testing methods. For each chapter, it lists key concepts and provides example questions to test understanding, ranging from defining terms to explaining processes and properties. The document is divided into multiple pages with headings identifying the chapter topics covered.
1. The specimen is cut, mounted, and ground using progressively finer abrasive papers to create a flat surface.
2. The specimen is then polished using diamond and alumina powders to remove fine scratches.
3. Etching with chemical reagents is used to reveal microscopic structures by imparting contrast to grain boundaries and other microstructural features. This final prepared specimen surface can then be examined under a microscope.
Constitution of india directive principles of state policy and fundamental d...Dr. Vikas Khakare
This contains Directive Principles of State Policy under the Constitution of India. The relation between directive principle of State policy and fundamental rights. It also contains fundamental duties in the Constitution of India.
The document discusses key aspects of the Indian constitution including the preamble. It notes that the preamble establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic that aims to secure justice, liberty, equality and dignity for all citizens. The preamble draws from both French and Russian philosophical traditions. It has been amended once to add the words 'socialist', 'secular', and 'integrity'. There is debate around whether the preamble is legally part of the constitution, with courts ultimately ruling that it is part of the basic constitutional structure.
Federalism: Meaning and Importance
Quasi-Federalism in India
Unitary and Federal Features in India
Centre-State Relations: Division of Powers
Challenges faced by Indian Federalism
This document summarizes key aspects of Article 19 of the Indian Constitution, which protects certain fundamental rights of citizens. It discusses the rights to freedom of speech, assembly, association, movement, residence, and occupation as outlined in Article 19(1). It then examines reasonable restrictions that can be imposed on these rights as per Articles 19(2)-19(6) in the interests of sovereignty, public order, morality, etc. Case laws are cited to illustrate how the Supreme Court has interpreted and applied these rights and restrictions over time. The document provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of the fundamental rights protected by Article 19.
Salient features of the indian constitutionAnnumchaudhary
The Indian constitution is the longest and most detailed in the world. It establishes India as a sovereign socialist secular democratic republic with a parliamentary system of government. The constitution provides for fundamental rights and duties of citizens and defines the structure of government. The two houses of parliament are the Rajya Sabha, which is a permanent body with one third of members retiring every two years, and the Lok Sabha, which has about 500 members elected directly by voters for five year terms.
The document discusses the preamble of the Indian constitution. It provides background on how the preamble was drafted and adopted, explaining that it was based on the objective resolution introduced by Nehru. It describes the key elements and objectives outlined in the preamble, including that India is a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic that aims to secure justice, liberty, equality and promote fraternity. It discusses debates around whether the preamble is legally part of the constitution. While an early case held it was not, the Kesavananda Bharati case and later rulings found that it is a part of the constitution that can provide context to interpretation.
The document discusses the rule of law in India. It defines the rule of law and outlines A.V. Dicey's three postulates: supremacy of law, equality before the law, and predominance of legal spirit. It examines how the rule of law is reflected in the Indian constitution through fundamental rights, judicial independence, and judicial review. Several Supreme Court cases have upheld the rule of law as a basic feature of the constitution. In conclusion, while not expressly mentioned, the rule of law governs India as a fundamental principle of constitutional governance.
The document discusses the need for and process of amending the Indian constitution. It notes that all constitutions need to evolve over time to meet changing societal needs. The Indian constitution allows for amendment through simple majority votes, 2/3rd majority votes of parliament, or 2/3rd majority plus ratification by state legislatures depending on the type of amendment. However, the Supreme Court established in the Kesavananda Bharati case that amendments cannot alter the "basic structure" or fundamental founding principles of the constitution like its democratic and secular nature. The basic structure doctrine places important limits on the amendment power of parliament.
The Indian Constitution is the longest written constitution in the world. It has 448 articles across 22 parts and 12 schedules, and has undergone 124 amendments. Some key features include:
- It establishes a federal structure of government while maintaining a unitary bias.
- It provides for a parliamentary democracy and independent judiciary.
- It establishes fundamental rights and duties of citizens as well as directive principles of state policy.
- Through judicial interpretations, it recognizes the basic structure doctrine which protects certain core features of the constitution from being amended.
The president of India has several important powers according to the constitution. These include executive powers over the administration, legislative powers such as introducing bills and approving or returning acts of parliament, financial powers such as approving the national budget, judicial powers like pardoning convicted criminals, and emergency powers to declare different types of emergencies. The president can exercise these powers directly or through subordinate officers. Additionally, the president has the power to appoint key government officials and acts as commander-in-chief of the armed forces. While the president has significant authority, executive powers must be exercised according to the constitution and are subject to limited judicial review.
This document discusses Article 14 of the Indian constitution, which guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of laws. It covers the following key points:
- Article 14 is based on the English common law doctrine of rule of law and the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution.
- It guarantees both equality before law, meaning all are equally subject to the ordinary law without privileges, and equal protection of laws, meaning equal treatment in equal circumstances without discrimination.
- The state has an obligation to ensure equality and cannot deny equality through arbitrary, unreasonable, or discriminatory laws or actions. Classification of groups must be based on intelligent differentia with a reasonable nexus to the object.
The document provides information about the preamble and key features of the Constitution of India. It discusses that the preamble lays out the objectives and ideals of the constitution, establishing India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic. It guarantees justice, liberty, equality and fraternity to all citizens. The document then summarizes some of the fundamental rights guaranteed in the constitution like right to equality, freedom, freedom of religion, and prohibition of exploitation. It also provides context on the drafting process and the father of the Indian constitution, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
The document discusses the basic structure doctrine of the Indian Constitution. It outlines key cases like Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala that established that Parliament does not have unlimited power to amend the Constitution and cannot damage its basic structure. The basic features identified by judges include the supremacy of the Constitution, republican and democratic form of government, secularism, separation of powers, federalism, and unity and integrity of the nation. Later cases like Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain added free and fair elections as a basic feature, while Minerva Mills v. Union of India established that harmonizing fundamental rights and directive principles is also a basic structure. In conclusion, the basic structure doctrine has
The Kesavananda Bharati case established the basic structure doctrine, limiting Parliament's power to amend the constitution. The 13 judge bench ruled that while Parliament has broad amendment powers, it cannot alter the basic structure or spirit of the constitution. This includes principles like judicial review, secularism, democracy, and the balance between fundamental rights and directive principles. The case paved the way for the Supreme Court to have the power to review and strike down constitutional amendments that violate these basic features of the constitution.
This document discusses several articles from the Indian Constitution related to fundamental rights and freedoms. Article 19 covers six freedoms: speech and expression, assembly, association, movement, residence, and occupation. Article 20 provides protection against ex-post facto laws and double jeopardy. Article 21 covers the right to life and personal liberty. Article 21-A establishes the right to education for children ages 6-14. Article 22 covers protections for arrested or detained persons, including the right to be informed of arrest grounds and to consult a legal practitioner.
This document contains chapter summaries and sample questions for a metallurgy textbook. It covers topics such as crystal structures, solid solutions, phase diagrams, heat treating steel and cast iron, non-ferrous alloys, powder metallurgy, metallography, and non-destructive testing methods. For each chapter, it lists key concepts and provides example questions to test understanding, ranging from defining terms to explaining processes and properties. The document is divided into multiple pages with headings identifying the chapter topics covered.
1. The specimen is cut, mounted, and ground using progressively finer abrasive papers to create a flat surface.
2. The specimen is then polished using diamond and alumina powders to remove fine scratches.
3. Etching with chemical reagents is used to reveal microscopic structures by imparting contrast to grain boundaries and other microstructural features. This final prepared specimen surface can then be examined under a microscope.
This document provides an analysis of past questions from the GTU exam for the course "Material Science & Metallurgy (2131904)" taught at the Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology. It covers 13 chapters, with multiple questions asked per chapter over several exam periods. The questions assess topics such as crystal structures, defects, phase transformations, alloy design, heat treatments, casting, powder metallurgy, and non-destructive testing. Material characterization techniques like metallography are also addressed. The document aims to help students prepare for this recurring exam by reviewing important concepts and analysis skills tested in prior years.
This document provides an analysis of past exam papers for the course "Kinematics of Machines" taught at Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology. It covers 4 chapters: Introduction of Mechanisms and Machines, Synthesis and Analysis of Mechanisms, Velocity and Acceleration Analysis, and Special Mechanisms. For each chapter, it lists the theory and example questions asked in previous exams from 2014-2017. The questions cover topics such as kinematic links, inversion of mechanisms, Freudenstein's method of synthesis, velocity/acceleration analysis using Klein's construction and relative velocity method, and special mechanisms including steering gears and straight line motion mechanisms.
This document provides an introduction to gears and gear trains. It defines common terms used in gears such as pitch circle, pitch diameter, pressure angle, addendum, and dedendum. It also classifies gears based on the position of shaft axes (parallel shaft gears include spur gears, helical gears, herringbone gears, bevel gears; intersecting shaft gears include straight bevel gears and spiral bevel gears). The document discusses advantages of gear drives such as transmitting exact velocity ratios and disadvantages such as requiring specialized manufacturing. It provides examples of different types of gears and their applications.
This document discusses friction, clutches, and brakes. It begins with an introduction to friction, describing the different types (dry, skin/greasy, film), laws of friction, and coefficient of friction. It then discusses motion up and down inclined planes, defining the angle of friction and efficiency. Specific topics covered include screw threads, pivot and collar friction, friction clutches, brakes, brake classification, and vehicle braking systems. Problems with friction, clutches, and brakes are also mentioned.
This document discusses belt drives and their components. It describes different types of belt drives including open belt drives, crossed belt drives, and quarter turn belt drives. It also discusses different belt drive configurations that use idler pulleys, compound pulleys, stepped pulleys, and fast and loose pulleys to transmit power between shafts over varying distances and speed ratios. The key types of belts are described as flat belts, V-belts, and ropes along with their typical applications and materials. Factors for selecting a belt drive like power, speed, and distance between shafts are also outlined.
3131906 -CAMS- KINETICS AND DYNAMICS OF MACHINETakshil Gajjar
This document discusses cam and follower classification and terminology. It provides:
1) Classification of followers based on contact surface (knife edge, roller, flat/mushroom faced) and motion (reciprocating, oscillating).
2) Classification of cams as radial or cylindrical.
3) Terminology used in cams including base circle, trace point, pressure angle, pitch point, and lift.
4) Motions of the follower including uniform velocity, simple harmonic motion, uniform acceleration/retardation, and cycloidal motion. Displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams are provided for uniform velocity and simple harmonic motion cases.
3131906 VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION ANALYSISTakshil Gajjar
This document discusses concepts related to velocity and acceleration analysis in mechanisms. It introduces linear velocity and acceleration, and describes two methods for determining velocity of points on links: the instantaneous center method and relative velocity method. It then applies these concepts to analyze the velocity of points in a slider crank mechanism using a velocity diagram. Finally, it discusses properties of instantaneous centers including the number and types of instantaneous centers in a mechanism.
3131906 - GRAPHICAL AND ANALYTICAL LINKAGE SYNTHESISTakshil Gajjar
The document discusses various methods for synthesizing mechanisms through graphical and analytical means. It describes Freudenstein's equation, which allows analytical synthesis of a four-bar linkage to achieve desired output positions based on input positions. The document also discusses two-position synthesis of slider-crank and crank-rocker mechanisms through graphical construction of limiting positions. Finally, it introduces the inversion method of synthesis for a four-bar linkage using three specified positions of the input and output links.
3131906 - INTRODUCTION OF MECHANISMS AND MACHINES Takshil Gajjar
The document discusses various concepts related to kinematics and mechanisms including:
- Kinematic links that make up mechanisms and their types including rigid, flexible, and fluid links.
- Kinematic pairs and their classification based on relative motion and contact between elements. Common pairs include sliding, turning, rolling, screw, and spherical pairs.
- Kinematic chains formed by coupling kinematic pairs to transmit motion from one link to another. The simplest kinematic chain is the four-bar chain.
- Degrees of freedom and mobility of mechanisms, which is the number of independent coordinates needed to define the configuration. Formulas like Kutzbach's criterion are used to calculate this.
Meaning of constitutional law AND constitutionalismTakshil Gajjar
Constitutional law refers to the body of law that governs the relationships between different government institutions and between the government and citizens. Constitutionalism is the ideology and practice of limiting government power through a constitution in order to protect individual rights and promote democracy. The document discusses the meaning and definitions of constitutional law and constitutionalism.
Indian constitution technical publication bookTakshil Gajjar
The document appears to be a scanned collection of pages from a book or manual. It contains images of many pages with text and diagrams but no clear overall topic or narrative. As it is just scanned pages with no context provided, it is difficult to provide a high-level summary in 3 sentences or less.
The document discusses key aspects of the Indian constitution, including:
1) It provides a timeline of the formation of the Indian constitution from 1946 to 1950, outlining important dates and events such as the establishment of the constituent assembly and adoption of the final constitution.
2) It describes some of the influences on the Indian constitution from other models including the UK, US, Ireland and Canada in areas like parliamentary democracy, fundamental rights, federalism and directive principles.
3) It explains some of the salient features of the Indian constitution such as its length, structure with parts and schedules, borrowing from other systems while adapting to Indian conditions, and establishment through a constituent assembly rather than parliament.
The document appears to be a scanned collection of pages from a book or manual. It contains images of many pages with text and diagrams but no clear overall narrative or topic. As it is an unstructured scan of pages, it is difficult to provide a high-level summary in 3 sentences or less.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against developing mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already have a condition.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.