Condoms have a long history dating back thousands of years. Ancient Egyptians used linen sheaths for disease protection around 1000 BC. Through the centuries, condoms were gradually improved - made of materials like animal intestines, linen, rubber, and eventually latex. Mass production began in the 1800s after the invention of rubber vulcanization. Today condoms are widely used for both disease prevention and birth control, and come in many types and sizes.
This document discusses bio-medical waste management. It defines bio-medical waste and lists typical waste compositions from healthcare facilities. It categorizes waste as infectious, pathological, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, sharps and radioactive. It discusses the objectives, practices and strategies for safe waste management including collection, segregation, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal methods like incineration, autoclaving, chemical disinfection and sanitary landfilling. The Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules 2016 in India are also summarized.
This document discusses health care waste management. It defines health care waste as waste produced from health care activities like treatment, diagnosis, and research involving humans or animals. It notes that 75-90% of health care waste is non-hazardous general waste, while 10-15% is hazardous. It provides classifications of health care waste from the WHO and describes the sources, categories of exposed persons, routes of transmission, and methods of controlling hazardous waste like reduction, recycling, treatment, and disposal. It outlines the key steps in developing a health care waste management policy and standard operating procedures for waste generation, segregation, collection, storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal.
this is an introduction to the world of cloth pads- a reusable ecofriendly and safe alternative to the toxic disposable menstrual products like plastic pads and tampons.
Menstual cups are new inventions in the world of feminine hygiene products. Those who used the menstrual cups at least once in their periods will definitely fall in love with this products
The document provides information about puberty and adolescence for young people. It discusses the physical, emotional, and social changes that occur during this time, and emphasizes the importance of obtaining accurate information about sexuality from reliable sources like parents and books. The document also aims to reduce stigma and misconceptions by normalizing common experiences like erections, wet dreams, and masturbation.
The document discusses hospital waste management. It classifies hospital waste into hazardous and non-hazardous categories. Hazardous waste includes infectious waste from medical procedures and laboratories as well as chemical and radioactive waste. Proper segregation, treatment, and disposal of hospital waste is important to prevent health hazards. Key steps include waste minimization, segregation, storage, treatment, transportation, and final disposal.
Biomedical Waste is any kind of waste that contains infectious material (or material that’s potentially infectious). This definition includes waste generated by healthcare facilities like physician’s offices, hospitals, dental practices, laboratories, medical research facilities, and veterinary clinics
This document discusses bio-medical waste management. It defines bio-medical waste and lists typical waste compositions from healthcare facilities. It categorizes waste as infectious, pathological, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, sharps and radioactive. It discusses the objectives, practices and strategies for safe waste management including collection, segregation, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal methods like incineration, autoclaving, chemical disinfection and sanitary landfilling. The Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules 2016 in India are also summarized.
This document discusses health care waste management. It defines health care waste as waste produced from health care activities like treatment, diagnosis, and research involving humans or animals. It notes that 75-90% of health care waste is non-hazardous general waste, while 10-15% is hazardous. It provides classifications of health care waste from the WHO and describes the sources, categories of exposed persons, routes of transmission, and methods of controlling hazardous waste like reduction, recycling, treatment, and disposal. It outlines the key steps in developing a health care waste management policy and standard operating procedures for waste generation, segregation, collection, storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal.
this is an introduction to the world of cloth pads- a reusable ecofriendly and safe alternative to the toxic disposable menstrual products like plastic pads and tampons.
Menstual cups are new inventions in the world of feminine hygiene products. Those who used the menstrual cups at least once in their periods will definitely fall in love with this products
The document provides information about puberty and adolescence for young people. It discusses the physical, emotional, and social changes that occur during this time, and emphasizes the importance of obtaining accurate information about sexuality from reliable sources like parents and books. The document also aims to reduce stigma and misconceptions by normalizing common experiences like erections, wet dreams, and masturbation.
The document discusses hospital waste management. It classifies hospital waste into hazardous and non-hazardous categories. Hazardous waste includes infectious waste from medical procedures and laboratories as well as chemical and radioactive waste. Proper segregation, treatment, and disposal of hospital waste is important to prevent health hazards. Key steps include waste minimization, segregation, storage, treatment, transportation, and final disposal.
Biomedical Waste is any kind of waste that contains infectious material (or material that’s potentially infectious). This definition includes waste generated by healthcare facilities like physician’s offices, hospitals, dental practices, laboratories, medical research facilities, and veterinary clinics
This document provides information on dental healthcare waste management. It defines dental waste and classifies it according to infectiousness. The key sources of dental waste are described. Proper waste management involves segregating, storing, transporting and disposing of waste using methods like incineration, wet thermal treatment, chemical disinfection, and landfilling. Special protocols are outlined for managing amalgam waste and heavy metals from dental procedures. Effective dental waste management protects health workers, patients and the environment.
The document discusses various environmental issues like climate change, air and water pollution, deforestation, and species extinction. It provides examples of activities students can do at school like planting trees, organic gardening, and making recycled paper. However, it notes that individuals cannot solve all the problems and that larger companies and industries are major contributors to issues like global warming. The document advocates informing and educating others about issues as well as pressing governments to enforce environmental laws and regulations against polluting companies.
This document discusses different types of waste, how waste is generated and managed around the world. It describes various categories of waste such as solid, liquid, hazardous, organic, recyclable waste. It also outlines major sources of waste like municipal, medical, agricultural, industrial, and electronic waste. Finally, it discusses common waste management methods like incineration, landfilling, recycling, composting and their environmental impacts.
This document contains a 9 question survey about plastic pollution. The survey asks questions about where the respondent uses plastic products, whether they ensure plastic is biodegradable, how they dispose of plastic waste, their awareness of techniques and laws around plastic pollution in India, and daily habits to reduce plastic pollution. The respondent is also asked for their name, age, occupation and gender.
The document summarizes various techniques for selecting a baby's gender, ranging from most effective to least effective. The most effective techniques include in vitro fertilization (IVF), artificial insemination (AI), and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). IVF and PGD allow for testing and selecting embryos of the desired gender, but they are also the most expensive and invasive options.
Roald Dahl was born in Wales in 1916 to Norwegian parents. He had a difficult childhood, losing his sister to illness and both parents within a short time. He was later educated in England and joined the Royal Air Force during World War II. After suffering injuries in a plane crash in Africa, he began writing and published his first stories. Dahl went on to write many beloved children's books and film screenplays, finding inspiration from his own children, before passing away in 1990 at age 74. He has left a significant legacy as one of the most popular children's authors.
There are *countless* facts about the dangers of plastic bags that go overlooked every day. This presentation is WELL worth the time to check out as is http://bagthebags.com!
"Beat Plastic Pollution" is a presentation by Dr. Amrit Krishna Mitra, Assistant Professor, Department Of Chemistry, Singur Government College, West Bengal, India. In this presentation he discusses the chemistry & history of Plastics, its benefits etc., as well as the detrimental effects of plastic on the environment, and finally ways towards the resolution.
https://www.sciencesg.com/scientificity/beat-plastic-pollution/
This document discusses solid waste handling and its importance for public health. It defines different types of solid waste and their sources. Improper solid waste disposal can lead to diseases and environmental pollution. A good solid waste management system involves waste reduction, reuse, recycling, and proper collection and disposal. Regular monitoring and community participation are needed to promote healthy practices and prevent disease.
The document outlines the steps involved in toilet training, which includes entering and closing the bathroom door, pulling down clothing, sitting on the toilet, using the toilet, getting and using toilet tissue, throwing the tissue in the toilet, standing up, pulling up clothing, flushing, washing hands, drying hands, and leaving the bathroom. It also asks questions about liking to use the toilet, asking to use the toilet, if using a toilet is better than diapers, and the necessity of washing hands after using the toilet.
This document provides tips for saving paper by reducing unnecessary paper usage and printing. It notes that Indians on average use much less paper per person each year than people in developed countries, due to conservative attitudes. Using a handkerchief instead of tissues can help reduce paper waste, as can switching to electronic versions of newspapers, TV, and radio. Printing should also be avoided when possible. Cutting down trees for paper can damage the environment, but in India most paper comes from recycled waste or agricultural residues rather than wood.
Condoms have a long history dating back to ancient Egypt, originally made from animal parts but later shifting to rubber in the 19th century. As GSC students, it is important we recognize and understand condoms and their significance in preventing disease.
The document provides an overview of the global condom industry, including its history, key players, market size and growth trends. It discusses the industry's products and innovations over time. Major players like Durex and Trojan dominate the market, which is estimated at billions of condoms distributed annually worldwide. The industry faces some barriers to entry but also benefits from economies of scale in large-scale condom manufacturing.
Dr. C.D. Fleet invented Chapstick lip balm in the 1880s in Lynchburg, Virginia. He sold the recipe to John Morton in 1912. Morton and his wife produced Chapstick in their kitchen and founded the successful Morton Manufacturing Corporation. In 1963, A.H. Robins Company bought Chapstick and has produced many flavors and types since. Some key developments include the addition of sun protection in 1981 and squeezable tubes in 1985. Lip balm companies like Chapstick and Blistex generate over $200 million in annual sales in the U.S.
This document summarizes information about condoms and microbicides for preventing sexually transmitted infections. It discusses the history of condoms and different condom types. It then covers the effectiveness of condoms in preventing HIV transmission and their benefits. The need for female-controlled barrier methods is explained due to issues with male condom use. Details are provided about female condoms and diaphragms. The document then discusses microbicides as a potential alternative prevention method, how they work, clinical trials conducted, challenges, and the future of microbicide research.
This document provides an analysis of factors that influence consumer decision making regarding Trojan brand condoms. It discusses Trojan's history and manufacturing process. It then analyzes various situational, external, and internal factors that influence the consumer decision process regarding condom purchase and use. These include communications situations like sex education, purchase situations like buying in advance or as needed, usage situations regarding health vs. pregnancy prevention, and cultural influences. The document also examines problem recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, outlet selection, and post-purchase behaviors. It provides recommendations regarding how Trojan can address these various influences.
This document defines key concepts related to sexuality, gender, and sexual health. It discusses sexuality as encompassing biological, psychological, social, and cultural dimensions. Sexual rights are outlined, and a sexually healthy adult is described as someone who appreciates their body, develops meaningful relationships, and expresses sexuality throughout life while respecting others. Sexual orientation, identity, activity, and development across the lifespan are also addressed.
Paper Writing Service - HelpWriting.net 👈
✅ Quality
You get an original and high-quality paper based on extensive research. The completed work will be correctly formatted, referenced and tailored to your level of study.
✅ Confidentiality
We value your privacy. We do not disclose your personal information to any third party without your consent. Your payment data is also safely handled as you process the payment through a secured and verified payment processor.
✅ Originality
Every single order we deliver is written from scratch according to your instructions. We have zero tolerance for plagiarism, so all completed papers are unique and checked for plagiarism using a leading plagiarism detector.
✅ On-time delivery
We strive to deliver quality custom written papers before the deadline. That's why you don't have to worry about missing the deadline for submitting your assignment.
✅ Free revisions
You can ask to revise your paper as many times as you need until you're completely satisfied with the result. Provide notes about what needs to be changed, and we'll change it right away.
✅ 24/7 Support
From answering simple questions to solving any possible issues, we're always here to help you in chat and on the phone. We've got you covered at any time, day or night.
Birth Control Essay
People have been having sex since the beginning of time; after all, how would we be here today if they had not. Yet, there has also been the pervasive problem of how to gain control over reproduction, in essence, how to prevent unwanted pregnancies. This is a challenge, even today, in an age of technological advancements, mass communication and education. However, through the years, the spread of information and awareness surrounding birth control has resulted in its increased availability and an improvement in the lives of both men and women.
People are very clever and ingenious and have, throughout history, devised a variety of birth control methods. The earliest known contraceptive came from the Egyptian women of around...show more content...The introduction of the condom in the 1700 s was very important. The first condoms were made of animal intestines. They were not nearly as effective as the latex condoms of today (Wikipedia, 2). Even so, according to 1920 s and 1930 s studies, the male condom was the second most popular form of birth control, with withdrawal being the first (Gordon 63). Interestingly, the condom was not originally accepted as a form of birth control. Instead, it was championed as being a shield against venereal disease. After WWI, the acceptance of the condom as a form of contraception was more widely recognized because even people who were opposed to the use of birth control understood its value in preventing disease. This helped lead to its increased use, and decreased some of the stigma to which it was attached (London 4).
Real awareness surrounding birth control came about when abortion was no longer viewed as acceptable. By examining
Karl Landsteiner and Giulio Natta discovered a catalyst used in the synthesis of polymers of 1-alkenes. This catalyst is known as the Ziegler–Natta catalyst.
Happy accidents have led to many important discoveries and inventions throughout history. Christopher Columbus discovered the New World by accident when he was trying to find a new route to Asia. The first antibiotic, penicillin, was discovered by accident when Alexander Fleming noticed a mold had dissolved bacteria in one of his lab dishes. Velcro was invented when a hiker noticed how plant burrs clung to his clothes and got the idea to replicate their mechanism in a fastener. Post-it Notes were created when an adhesive that was considered a failure was found to be perfect for holding paper scraps in place temporarily. These stories show that mistakes and accidents are not always bad and that valuable innovations can arise from closer examination of apparent failures.
This document provides information on dental healthcare waste management. It defines dental waste and classifies it according to infectiousness. The key sources of dental waste are described. Proper waste management involves segregating, storing, transporting and disposing of waste using methods like incineration, wet thermal treatment, chemical disinfection, and landfilling. Special protocols are outlined for managing amalgam waste and heavy metals from dental procedures. Effective dental waste management protects health workers, patients and the environment.
The document discusses various environmental issues like climate change, air and water pollution, deforestation, and species extinction. It provides examples of activities students can do at school like planting trees, organic gardening, and making recycled paper. However, it notes that individuals cannot solve all the problems and that larger companies and industries are major contributors to issues like global warming. The document advocates informing and educating others about issues as well as pressing governments to enforce environmental laws and regulations against polluting companies.
This document discusses different types of waste, how waste is generated and managed around the world. It describes various categories of waste such as solid, liquid, hazardous, organic, recyclable waste. It also outlines major sources of waste like municipal, medical, agricultural, industrial, and electronic waste. Finally, it discusses common waste management methods like incineration, landfilling, recycling, composting and their environmental impacts.
This document contains a 9 question survey about plastic pollution. The survey asks questions about where the respondent uses plastic products, whether they ensure plastic is biodegradable, how they dispose of plastic waste, their awareness of techniques and laws around plastic pollution in India, and daily habits to reduce plastic pollution. The respondent is also asked for their name, age, occupation and gender.
The document summarizes various techniques for selecting a baby's gender, ranging from most effective to least effective. The most effective techniques include in vitro fertilization (IVF), artificial insemination (AI), and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). IVF and PGD allow for testing and selecting embryos of the desired gender, but they are also the most expensive and invasive options.
Roald Dahl was born in Wales in 1916 to Norwegian parents. He had a difficult childhood, losing his sister to illness and both parents within a short time. He was later educated in England and joined the Royal Air Force during World War II. After suffering injuries in a plane crash in Africa, he began writing and published his first stories. Dahl went on to write many beloved children's books and film screenplays, finding inspiration from his own children, before passing away in 1990 at age 74. He has left a significant legacy as one of the most popular children's authors.
There are *countless* facts about the dangers of plastic bags that go overlooked every day. This presentation is WELL worth the time to check out as is http://bagthebags.com!
"Beat Plastic Pollution" is a presentation by Dr. Amrit Krishna Mitra, Assistant Professor, Department Of Chemistry, Singur Government College, West Bengal, India. In this presentation he discusses the chemistry & history of Plastics, its benefits etc., as well as the detrimental effects of plastic on the environment, and finally ways towards the resolution.
https://www.sciencesg.com/scientificity/beat-plastic-pollution/
This document discusses solid waste handling and its importance for public health. It defines different types of solid waste and their sources. Improper solid waste disposal can lead to diseases and environmental pollution. A good solid waste management system involves waste reduction, reuse, recycling, and proper collection and disposal. Regular monitoring and community participation are needed to promote healthy practices and prevent disease.
The document outlines the steps involved in toilet training, which includes entering and closing the bathroom door, pulling down clothing, sitting on the toilet, using the toilet, getting and using toilet tissue, throwing the tissue in the toilet, standing up, pulling up clothing, flushing, washing hands, drying hands, and leaving the bathroom. It also asks questions about liking to use the toilet, asking to use the toilet, if using a toilet is better than diapers, and the necessity of washing hands after using the toilet.
This document provides tips for saving paper by reducing unnecessary paper usage and printing. It notes that Indians on average use much less paper per person each year than people in developed countries, due to conservative attitudes. Using a handkerchief instead of tissues can help reduce paper waste, as can switching to electronic versions of newspapers, TV, and radio. Printing should also be avoided when possible. Cutting down trees for paper can damage the environment, but in India most paper comes from recycled waste or agricultural residues rather than wood.
Condoms have a long history dating back to ancient Egypt, originally made from animal parts but later shifting to rubber in the 19th century. As GSC students, it is important we recognize and understand condoms and their significance in preventing disease.
The document provides an overview of the global condom industry, including its history, key players, market size and growth trends. It discusses the industry's products and innovations over time. Major players like Durex and Trojan dominate the market, which is estimated at billions of condoms distributed annually worldwide. The industry faces some barriers to entry but also benefits from economies of scale in large-scale condom manufacturing.
Dr. C.D. Fleet invented Chapstick lip balm in the 1880s in Lynchburg, Virginia. He sold the recipe to John Morton in 1912. Morton and his wife produced Chapstick in their kitchen and founded the successful Morton Manufacturing Corporation. In 1963, A.H. Robins Company bought Chapstick and has produced many flavors and types since. Some key developments include the addition of sun protection in 1981 and squeezable tubes in 1985. Lip balm companies like Chapstick and Blistex generate over $200 million in annual sales in the U.S.
This document summarizes information about condoms and microbicides for preventing sexually transmitted infections. It discusses the history of condoms and different condom types. It then covers the effectiveness of condoms in preventing HIV transmission and their benefits. The need for female-controlled barrier methods is explained due to issues with male condom use. Details are provided about female condoms and diaphragms. The document then discusses microbicides as a potential alternative prevention method, how they work, clinical trials conducted, challenges, and the future of microbicide research.
This document provides an analysis of factors that influence consumer decision making regarding Trojan brand condoms. It discusses Trojan's history and manufacturing process. It then analyzes various situational, external, and internal factors that influence the consumer decision process regarding condom purchase and use. These include communications situations like sex education, purchase situations like buying in advance or as needed, usage situations regarding health vs. pregnancy prevention, and cultural influences. The document also examines problem recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, outlet selection, and post-purchase behaviors. It provides recommendations regarding how Trojan can address these various influences.
This document defines key concepts related to sexuality, gender, and sexual health. It discusses sexuality as encompassing biological, psychological, social, and cultural dimensions. Sexual rights are outlined, and a sexually healthy adult is described as someone who appreciates their body, develops meaningful relationships, and expresses sexuality throughout life while respecting others. Sexual orientation, identity, activity, and development across the lifespan are also addressed.
Paper Writing Service - HelpWriting.net 👈
✅ Quality
You get an original and high-quality paper based on extensive research. The completed work will be correctly formatted, referenced and tailored to your level of study.
✅ Confidentiality
We value your privacy. We do not disclose your personal information to any third party without your consent. Your payment data is also safely handled as you process the payment through a secured and verified payment processor.
✅ Originality
Every single order we deliver is written from scratch according to your instructions. We have zero tolerance for plagiarism, so all completed papers are unique and checked for plagiarism using a leading plagiarism detector.
✅ On-time delivery
We strive to deliver quality custom written papers before the deadline. That's why you don't have to worry about missing the deadline for submitting your assignment.
✅ Free revisions
You can ask to revise your paper as many times as you need until you're completely satisfied with the result. Provide notes about what needs to be changed, and we'll change it right away.
✅ 24/7 Support
From answering simple questions to solving any possible issues, we're always here to help you in chat and on the phone. We've got you covered at any time, day or night.
Birth Control Essay
People have been having sex since the beginning of time; after all, how would we be here today if they had not. Yet, there has also been the pervasive problem of how to gain control over reproduction, in essence, how to prevent unwanted pregnancies. This is a challenge, even today, in an age of technological advancements, mass communication and education. However, through the years, the spread of information and awareness surrounding birth control has resulted in its increased availability and an improvement in the lives of both men and women.
People are very clever and ingenious and have, throughout history, devised a variety of birth control methods. The earliest known contraceptive came from the Egyptian women of around...show more content...The introduction of the condom in the 1700 s was very important. The first condoms were made of animal intestines. They were not nearly as effective as the latex condoms of today (Wikipedia, 2). Even so, according to 1920 s and 1930 s studies, the male condom was the second most popular form of birth control, with withdrawal being the first (Gordon 63). Interestingly, the condom was not originally accepted as a form of birth control. Instead, it was championed as being a shield against venereal disease. After WWI, the acceptance of the condom as a form of contraception was more widely recognized because even people who were opposed to the use of birth control understood its value in preventing disease. This helped lead to its increased use, and decreased some of the stigma to which it was attached (London 4).
Real awareness surrounding birth control came about when abortion was no longer viewed as acceptable. By examining
Karl Landsteiner and Giulio Natta discovered a catalyst used in the synthesis of polymers of 1-alkenes. This catalyst is known as the Ziegler–Natta catalyst.
Happy accidents have led to many important discoveries and inventions throughout history. Christopher Columbus discovered the New World by accident when he was trying to find a new route to Asia. The first antibiotic, penicillin, was discovered by accident when Alexander Fleming noticed a mold had dissolved bacteria in one of his lab dishes. Velcro was invented when a hiker noticed how plant burrs clung to his clothes and got the idea to replicate their mechanism in a fastener. Post-it Notes were created when an adhesive that was considered a failure was found to be perfect for holding paper scraps in place temporarily. These stories show that mistakes and accidents are not always bad and that valuable innovations can arise from closer examination of apparent failures.
Autism Essay | Essay on Autism for Students and Children in English - A .... Autism Essay Outline 2 - Autism, more formally known as Autism Spectrum .... Sample essay on impact of autism on speech. Autism essay topics. Solved Write a mini-essay on autism On autism: Include how | Chegg.com.
World War I had a significant impact on language from 1914 to 1918. New weapons like gas masks, trench mortars, and different types of planes led to new military terms. Medical knowledge advanced as injuries increased, and women took on new jobs as men fought. Rationing was implemented on the home front due to food shortages. Beyond war, scientific advancements in physics and psychology expanded terminology. Cinema and dances like the tango rose in popularity for entertainment.
The document discusses the history and rise of plastic from its invention in the 1860s to modern day uses and environmental concerns. It traces some of the key plastics developed like Bakelite, vinyl, nylon, polyethylene, polyester, and describes how plastics revolutionized industries like packaging, clothing, automobiles. However, it also notes that many plastics are toxic and release dangerous chemicals, contributing to pollution and health issues that environmentalists are now urging regulators to address.
Gattaca - Historical - Social - Cultrual Background - Key dates and events pr...Steven Kolber
Gattaca - Historical - Social - Cultrual Background - Key dates and events pre 1997.
A guide through the history of the film Gattaca and the broader context with which it fits within. Excellent for text response essays.
The passage discusses the history and importance of the patent system. It originated in England to encourage innovation by protecting inventors' rights and ideas. These principles were incorporated into the US Constitution and first patent law. The patent system has endured with few changes because it stimulates competition, increases productivity and wages, and brings benefits to society by rewarding creativity.
1) When Columbus arrived in the Americas, natives offered him tobacco leaves which he threw away. Soon after, Spanish traders adopted tobacco smoking from natives and introduced it to Europe.
2) In the early 1600s, some voices warned of tobacco's health risks but it remained popular. King James I unsuccessfully tried to curb smoking and tobacco imports to England through taxes.
3) The Jamestown colony struggled until John Rolfe began growing a sweeter tobacco variety. Tobacco became very profitable and enabled Jamestown's survival as the first permanent English settlement in North America.
How To Write A Compare And Contrast Essay TopicHeather Freek
This document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if pleased. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with a full refund option for plagiarized work.
The passage discusses the importance of patents and the patent system. It notes that many modern inventions like the telephone and automobile may never have been developed without patent protection, as it provides an incentive for inventors by allowing them to protect their ideas from being copied. Key principles of the US patent system originated in England, including granting exclusive rights to inventors in exchange for publicly disclosing their inventions. The US Constitution established a uniform patent law, and the first patent was issued in 1790. The Patent Office has grown significantly over time to examine over 1,000 applications per week.
This document describes several important inventions throughout history including writing tools like pencils and pens, household items like tables and telephones, medical devices like pacemakers and aspirin, and technologies like computers, the internet, and cameras. It discusses who invented each item and some key details about their development, noting that many innovations built upon earlier ideas and it sometimes took centuries for inventions to spread globally. The document aims to highlight the impact various inventions have had on modern life and civilization.
This document provides an overview of a textbook about the decades of the 20th and 21st centuries in the United States. It includes an introduction explaining the purpose is for students to learn about American culture and how it has changed over time. Each chapter will cover a different decade from 1900 to present day, with sections on clothing, technology, and events of that time period. Students are instructed to write a summary paragraph for each decade after completing the book.
This project aims to build a hydraulic model of a penis to educate youth about proper condom use. The model will use hydraulic and electrical systems to demonstrate how to correctly put on a condom. It is an educational tool meant to prevent early pregnancies and transmission of STDs by showing teenagers how to use protection properly. The summary will be constructed using hydraulic, condoms, and educate in 3 sentences or less.
This project aims to build a hydraulic model of a penis to educate youth about proper condom use. The model will use hydraulic and electrical systems to demonstrate how to correctly put on a condom. It is an educational tool meant to inform youth about safe sex practices and disease prevention in a hands-on way. The summary provides a high-level overview of the key aspects and goals of the project in 3 sentences.
The document discusses Victorian attitudes toward death, grief, and spirit photography. Death was common in Victorian times due to disease and low life expectancy. Emerging photography allowed Victorians to capture images of the deceased and explore concepts of an afterlife. Specifically, the document examines William Mumler's pioneering spirit photography and how his manipulated images shaped Victorian understandings of death and the afterlife. It also explores broader Victorian themes like high mortality rates, treatment of the deceased, and how families processed grief through mementos and post-mortem portraits.
Enjoy this and Also I have a YOUTUBE Channel.. Name - (MRB Movieclips ) Please SUBSCRIBE that too....(Kind Request)
😔 link _https://www.youtube.com/@MrbMovieclips5755/featured
Pro Euthanasia Essay. Essay on euthanasia - frudgereport85.web.fc2.comRoberta Turner
Euthanasia Argument - 1231 Words | Free Essay Example on GraduateWay. Euthanasia should be legalised - GCSE Religious Studies (Philosophy .... There are arguments for and against the controversial topic of .... The pros, and what is wrong with the cons, of Euthanasia. - GCSE .... 'Euthanasia should be legalised. Agree or Disagree?' - A-Level .... The Euthanasia Issue - GCSE Religious Studies (Philosophy & Ethics .... Why is Euthanasia such a controversial issue? - GCSE Religious Studies .... What is Euthanasia. - GCSE Religious Studies (Philosophy & Ethics .... Should Euthanasia be legalised? - GCSE Religious Studies (Philosophy .... What is Euthanasia? - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. (PDF) Legal And Ethical Issues Of Euthanasia: Argumentative Essay. against euthanasia essay in 2020 | Essay, Persuasive essays ....
Essay about The industrial revolution (400 Words) - PHDessay.com. The Industrial Revolution - GCSE History - Marked by Teachers.com. Industrial Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... History Industrial Revolution Essay - Industrial Revolution Essay .... ️ Industrial revolution essay topics. Industrial Revolution Essay .... Industrial revolution essay | Industrial Revolution | Wealth. During the Industrial Revolution - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. Industrial Revolution: Essay assessing the positives/ negative impacts .... Surprising Industrial Revolution Essay Topics ~ Thatsnotus. Industrial Revolution. The industrial revolution essay ugpost co uk. the industrial revolution essay. Started the Industrial Revolution - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. The Industrial Revolution. - A-Level Geography - Marked by Teachers.com. Think Of The Industrial Revolution - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. Industrial Revolution Essay | Modern History - Year 11 HSC | Thinkswap. Introduction for industrial revolution essay. Narrative Essay: Industrial revolution essay outline. Industrial revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... Industrial Revolution and the Working Class Essay Example | StudyHippo.com. Industrial Revolution Summary / Essay | Factory | Labour. Explain why there was an Industrial Revolution - GCSE History - Marked .... Industrial revolution essay introduction - copywritingname.web.fc2.com. Industrial and Digital Revolution Essay. Industrial Revolution Essay by World History Rocks | TpT. Was the industrial Revolution a good thing? - University Historical and .... Essay On The American Industrial Revolution. Sample essay on impact of second industrial revolution Essays On The Industrial Revolution
Medical trivia quiz hosted by me during KARMIC 2015 -- the annual national medical students' conference at Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Apollo Health CIty, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad.
Happy was a stray dog rescued by the author and his wife after losing their previous dog Lacey. Through training, Happy learned to follow commands but still had a wild side. While out walking on the beach during bad weather, the author fell and broke his hip and hand. Happy pulled the author to safety and then frantically barked for help. A woman came and called for an ambulance, saving the author's life. The author and Happy continue training together slowly as the author recovers.
The document discusses how relying too heavily on past experiences and logic can diminish innovation and curiosity in the foodservice equipment and supplies industry. Simply looking at what has worked or not worked before without truly understanding the reasons is conjecture. Conducting thorough post-mortems of past deals and projects to understand what went well and wrong could promote more growth. Taking a defensive pessimism approach that questions all aspects of a scenario can foster realism, positivity, and avoid negativity. No single approach of being only positive, negative, or realistic is sufficient - success requires harnessing different perspectives.
The document discusses the Personnel Productivity Ratio (PPR), which is the relationship between total payroll costs and gross profit. It provides two examples of how to calculate the PPR for different companies - one with a PPR of 35% and one with 65%. It indicates that a PPR below 55% may mean the payroll is too low and could be increased to boost sales, while a PPR above 55% likely means the payroll costs are too high and changes need to be made to reduce costs and increase profits. The optimal PPR can vary by industry but around 55% generally indicates the high end of the ideal range.
Inventory in business defined as “an economic figure that tracks the dollar amount of inventories held by retailers, wholesalers and manufacturers across the nation. Business inventories are essentially the amount of all products available to sell to other businesses and/or the end consumer. When tracked alongside a sales index, production activity in the near term can be predicted.
I took much of this article from a Reuters news feed and began thinking. In the world today we are forced into global thinking, despite many countries or people wanting isolationism. It won’t happen.
If Apple had joined the DJIA earlier than March 2015, it would not have impacted DOW very much. Its positive impact would have started being felt after January 2011 but the impact would not have been great. Apple is not the top performing component in DJIA. Goldman Sachs is the top performing one for the past one year (to March 2014). The other top performing stocks are 3M, IBM and Boeing. Apple comes 5th.
Using Average True Range (ATR) with Point and Figure Charting
J. Welles Wilder developed the Average True Range (ATR) indicator to measure volatility over a specific period. The document discusses using ATR with Point and Figure charting to identify potential highs and lows, calculate stop losses, and project price targets. It provides examples analyzing stocks like BKD and BA using this method, noting support/resistance levels and calculating ATR values. The author advocates a 20-day ATR period and 5.53x multiplier for defining stops and projections.
The document discusses using simple moving averages (SMAs) as a leading rather than lagging indicator. It argues that SMAs can help identify support and resistance levels when used with techniques like point and figure charting to reduce noise. The document provides examples showing how SMAs of different time periods overlaid on a chart, along with other indicators like Bollinger Bands, can help traders analyze trends and potential entry and exit points.
1) The document discusses developing a comprehensive financial strategy that combines different investment ideas, practices, and notions into a coordinated plan.
2) It emphasizes regularly reviewing and adjusting the strategy based on economic changes to ensure the strategy's actions and goals remain aligned.
3) The author proposes a "Financial Select" approach that incorporates monthly coaching, regular strategy adjustments, and considering both long-term and short-term factors to develop a holistic financial strategy.
Few can argue that the end user's definition of value has changed, becoming mostly price-centric due to larger operators being owned by private equity or being publicly traded, focusing on shareholder value and lowering costs. As a result, value takes the form of lower costs in the eyes of operators, eroding the value provided by the supply chain through deeply cutting prices and timelines with little supplier input. This recurring cycle of commoditization and channel conflict is hard for the foodservice equipment and supplies industry to break, as stakeholders protect their interests amid a declining margins landscape.
The document outlines the key components of an effective strategy:
1. The overall goal that the strategy aims to achieve.
2. The costs associated in terms of time, money, people, and resources needed to execute the strategy.
3. Potential obstacles that could impact the strategy such as economic conditions, people issues, lack of resources, labor issues, and natural disasters.
4. Developing the strategy involves understanding the desired and undesired outcomes, conducting a SWOT analysis to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, and accounting for potential obstacles in the planning process.
This document discusses whether "win/win" business relationships are fact or fiction. It argues that true win/win situations are not achievable in real business negotiations due to information asymmetry and differing motivations between parties. At best, negotiations result in a "settle/settle" outcome where both parties perceive they have gained something. The document provides an example scenario to illustrate this point and references studies on information failure and principal-agent problems to support the argument that one party usually gains more than the other due to unequal access to or interpretation of information.
This document discusses "Crush the Box Thinking" and moving beyond limiting ways of thinking. It argues that as children we think creatively without limits, but are taught boundaries that create "boxes". While boundaries have their place, overly rigid boxes prevent innovation. The document provides 11 suggestions for businesses to break out of limiting boxes, such as finding thought constraints, rewarding innovation, and helping people continuously learn new skills. The goal is to think without boxes and color outside the lines to drive business success.
The document discusses the 80/20 strategic tool, also known as Pareto's principle. It explains that the 80/20 tool can help uncover key areas of a business that drive performance objectives, as well as areas that may be underperforming. Specifically, the tool often reveals that a minority of components (e.g. products, customers) account for the majority of impact (e.g. revenue, profit). Making the 80/20 tool a regular practice can help businesses identify factors to build on or reduce, improving efficiency and sustainability. While a simple concept, the 80/20 tool remains an effective method for understanding what creates positive or negative impact within an organization.
This document discusses the debate around immigration to the U.S. It notes that while immigrants have historically contributed to U.S. economic growth and prosperity, the debate has taken different turns as some native-born Americans see immigration as a threat. While most agree some level of immigration is acceptable, there is disagreement around how many and what types of immigrants to allow. The document also outlines some arguments made against immigration and taxes paid by undocumented immigrants. It concludes that the debate is complicated by politics and gerrymandering that reduces incentives for compromise.
Richard D. Wyckoff was a famous trader in the early 20th century known for his analysis of volume, price trends, and sector rotation. He viewed the market as a "composite man" representing total investor behavior. Wyckoff developed principles of supply and demand, effort vs. result, and cause and effect to identify accumulation and distribution patterns. His methods focused on analyzing price and volume trends using bar charts, point and figure charts, and tracking relative sector performance to identify trading opportunities. Wyckoff's teachings emphasized understanding the psychological phases of markets and using indicators like volume and trendlines to recognize accumulation and distribution periods.
The document discusses how a company called The Evans Group used innovation and principles from Sun Tzu's The Art of War to disrupt the market leader Murky Shire. They launched a new company with improved products that were safer, higher quality and 50% cheaper than Murky Shire's. Using tactics like "pulling through" the distribution chain and approaching clients directly, they gained market share. In just a few years they became the #1 producer and sold the company, demonstrating how innovation based on The Art of War can help an underdog defeat an entrenched competitor.
The use of the words “citizen” and “consumer” to many would appear to be synonymous when in actual fact, there are often conflicts between their desires and aspirations that could lead one to believe that these are two different groups of individuals.
The document discusses boundaries for consulting and facilitation. It notes that organization goals and metrics are often not aligned, product requirements are poorly defined and prone to feature creep, and functional silos can emerge with conflicting priorities. It also states that consulting and facilitation boundaries are defined by the hiring contractor, the scope of effort within the organization, the consultant's capabilities, and multiple stakeholders, which all determine the range of influence and success.
This document discusses decision making with uncertainty and outlines several key elements. It begins by examining physical evidence that forms the basis of our belief systems. It then explores how the self interacts with external realities through biological and psychological processes. Finally, it defines systems and outlines how the external self integrates with the internal self and community to determine the best course of action despite complex influences. The overall focus is on understanding how individuals and groups can make effective decisions in an uncertain world.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
1. History of Condoms
www.theevansgroupllc.com
Chip Evans, Ph.D.
“When I write articles for clients I am teaching from a transpersonal psychology basis. I believe
that most companies do not understand the history of their own company, let alone the history
of how products were developed. History helps us understand HOW A PRODUCT OR CONCEPT IS
DEVELOPED. For example, how many millions of dice have been sold, or toothpicks, condoms,
and even Chapstick. We learn from viewing what was, what is, and what can be." -Chip Evans
2. History of Condoms
1000 BC
Condom use can be traced back several thousand years. It is known that around 1000 BC
the ancient Egyptians used a linen sheath for protection against disease.
100 – 200 AD
The earliest evidence of condom use in Europe comes from scenes in cave paintings at
Combarelles in France. There is also some evidence that some form of condom was used in
imperial Rome.
1500’s
The syphilis epidemic that spread across Europe gave rise to the first published account of the condom.
Gabrielle Fallopius described a sheath of linen he claimed to have invented to protect men against
syphilis. Having been found useful for prevention of infection, it was only later that the usefulness of
the condom for the prevention of pregnancy was recognized.
Later in the 1500s, one of the first improvements to the condom was made, when the linen cloth
sheaths were sometimes soaked in a chemical solution and then allowed to dry prior to use. These
were the first spermicides on condoms.
1700’s
The first published use of the world 'condom' was in a 1706 poem. It has also been suggested
that Condom was a doctor in the time of Charles II. It is believed that he invented the device to
help the king to prevent the birth of more illegitimate children.
Even the most famous lover of all, Casanova, was using the condom as a birth control as
well as against infection.
Condoms made out of animal intestines began to be available. However, they were quite
expensive and the unfortunate result was that they were often reused. This type of condom was
described at the time as “an armor against pleasure, and a cobweb against infection”.
In the second half of the 1700's, a trade in handmade condoms thrived in London and some
shops where producing handbills and advertisements of condoms.
Chip Evans, Ph.D.
www.theevansgroupllc.com
Page | 2
3. History of Condoms
1800’s
The use of condoms was affected by technological, economic and social development in Europe
and the US in 1800s.
Condom manufacturing was revolutionized by the discovery of rubber vulcanization by
Goodyear (founder of the tyre company) and Hancock. This meant that is was possible to mass
produce rubber goods including condoms quickly and cheaply. Vulcanisation is a process, which
turns the rubber into a strong elastic material.
In 1861, the first advertisement for condoms was published in an American newspaper when
The New York Times printed an ad. for 'Dr. Power's French Preventatives.'
In 1873, the Comstock Law was passed. Named after Anthony Comstock, the Comstock Law
made illegal the advertising of any sort of birth control, and it also allowed the postal service to
confiscate condoms sold through the mail.
1900’s
Until the 1920's, most condoms were manufactured by hand-dipping from rubber cement.
These kinds of condoms aged quickly and the quality was doubtful.
In 1919, Frederick Killian initiated hand-dipping from natural rubber latex in Ohio. The latex condoms
had the advantage of ageing less quickly and being thinner and odorless. These new type of condoms
enjoyed a great expansion of sales. By the mid-1930s, the fifteen largest makers in the U.S. were
producing 1.5 million condoms a day.
In 1957, the very first lubricated condom was launched in the UK by Durex.
From the early 1960s, use of condoms as a contraceptive device declined as the pill, the coil and
sterilization became more popular.
The use of the condom increased strikingly in many countries following the recognition of
HIV/AIDS in the 1980's. Condoms also became available in pubs, bars, grocery stores and
supermarkets.
The female condom has been available in Europe since 1992 and it was approved in 1993 by the
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
In 1994, the world's first polyurethane condom for men was launched in the
US. The 1990s also saw the introduction of colored and flavored condoms.
Chip Evans, Ph.D.
www.theevansgroupllc.com
Page | 3
4. History of Condoms
Present day
In more recent years, improved technology has enabled the thickness of the condom to decrease.
Also, condom manufacturers have recognized that one size of condom does not fit all. You can
now find condoms that are different shapes, widths and lengths.
As early as 1000 BCE, the ancient Egyptians used a linen sheath for protection against disease, while the Chinese
are known to have used oiled silk paper. However, the oldest condoms ever found date back to 1640 and were
excavated near Birmingham, England. They were made of fish and animal intestine.
In 16th century Italy, Gabrielle Fallopius authored the first-known published description of prophylactic
condom use. Fallopius conducted trials among 1,100 men using a sheath made of linen; none of the men
became infected with syphilis. During this period, protection was also improved by soaking the cloth sheaths
in a chemical solution and allowing them to dry prior to use Ñ the first use of a spermicide on condoms. The
condom’s usefulness in preventing pregnancy was recognized in the 1700s.
Condoms made out of animal intestines became widely available in Europe, but were costly and often
reused. In 19th century Japan, the Japanese had condoms made from two other materials: one made of thin
leather and the other of thin tortoise shells or horns.
The mass-production of “rubbers” began after 1844 and the invention of vulcanization, a process that turns
crude rubber into a strong elastic material. These were as thick as inner tubes, had a seam, and deteriorated
rapidly. Latex manufacturing processes improved sufficiently in the 1930s to produce single-use condoms
almost as thin and inexpensive as the ones used today.
The reservoir tip on the latex condom was introduced in the early 1950s, textured condoms in 1973. In 1994,
Polyurethane emerged as an alternative to latex, leading to the development of both male condoms for latex
sensitive people and the female condom.
In the 18th century, the famous womanizer, Casanova, wore condoms made of linen. Rubber condoms were
mass-produced after 1844, when Charles Goodyear patented the vulcanization of rubber, which he invented
five years earlier. Condoms made of sheep's intestines are still available. They are now disposable and
should only be used once. In the 1940s and 50s, they were washed, slathered in petroleum jelly, and kept in
little wooden boxes in a bedroom drawer-but they weren't talked about-in front of the kids, anyway.
The American Social Hygiene Association fought hard to prohibit condom use in the early part of this
century. Social hygienists believed that anyone who risked getting 'venereal' diseases should suffer the
consequences, including American 'dough boys'-U.S. soldiers who fought in World War I. The American
Expeditionary Forces, as our army was called, were the only armed forces in Europe during the war that was
denied the use of condoms. It is not surprising that our troops had the highest rates of sexually transmitted
infections of all; 70 percent of our 'boys' were just unable to 'just say 'no'.' The Secretary of the Navy was
only one of many military leaders who believed that condom use was immoral and 'un Christian.' It was a
young Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who, when his boss was away from the
office, ordered the distribution of condoms to sailors.
Chip Evans, Ph.D.
www.theevansgroupllc.com
Page | 4
5. History of Condoms
One of the challenges that Margaret Sanger, the founder of Planned Parenthood, faced as she fought for
women's right to use birth control was the double standard regarding condom use. Doctors were allowed to
'prescribe' condoms to protect men from syphilis and gonorrhea when they had pre-marital or extra-marital
sexual intercourse. Women, however, could not get condoms to protect themselves from unintended
pregnancy. Similarly, the Nazi government of Germany would not allow the use of condoms, or any other
kind of birth control, by its citizens. They were expected to breed warriors to create a one-race world of
'Aryans.' But the Nazi military did allow soldiers to use condoms to keep them on the front lines instead of
crowding their barracks nursing illnesses caused by syphilis and gonorrhea. By World War II, military
leaders had a more realistic attitude about condoms. Concerned that 'our boys' would bring home diseases
and infect their wives, they aggressively promoted the use of condoms. Government training films urged
soldiers, “Don't forget-put it on before you put it in.” In fact, in 1942, condoms were issued to soldiers during
the landing on Dunkirk. They were used to cover and protect rifle barrels from being damaged by salt water
as the soldiers waded ashore.
The sexual revolution of the 60s almost put an end to condom use. 'Good girls' were willing sex partners, so
fewer men turned to professional sex workers, the most prevalent STIs-gonorrhea and syphilis-were easily
treated, and the Pill and IUD provided the most effective reversible contraception the world had seen. When
HIV, the virus that can cause AIDS, was identified, it became clear that condom use and safer sex could
stem the epidemic. Many public health professionals believe that local, state, and federal governments
behaved a lot like the social hygienists of the World War I generation as they continued to ignore or deny the
need for public condom education. At this point in the epidemic, 25 percent of all HIV infections occur
among teenagers-with rates increasing most quickly for teenage women. Yet most school districts still
oppose condom distribution among students.
There is an obvious need for a massive, public health condom education campaign. Yet major broadcasting
companies typically refuse to air condom ads, and most school districts across the country not only refuse to
distribute condoms, they also refuse to provide responsible, reality-based sexuality and AIDS education.
Medical professionals and health advocates watch in dismay as history repeats itself, and the promotion of
condom use remains a public health controversy.
The female condom is a sleeve-like device made of polyurethane. It has a small closed end, and a larger
open end. Each end contains a flexible ring. Use this simple step-by-step guide to using female condoms to
assure that you are using them properly during vaginal and/or rectal intercourse.
There are between 6 and 9 billion condoms used each year. Where do they come from and
how are they made?
For the last 70 years most of the condoms manufactured have been made with natural rubber latex
and are manufactured mostly in Malaysia. Similar to the tapping of maple trees for syrup, rubber
trees are tapped to extract liquid latex. Once the latex is treated with chemicals, it is ready to be
used to for condom manufacturing.
More chemicals are added to the latex in the compounding process, where the latex is put in large vats.
During the compounding process, added to the raw natural latex are chemical preservatives, vulcanizes, and
other compounding agents. The composition of the resulting latex determines the condom's strength,
sensitivity and suppleness. The solution produced at this stage is then fed into other large vats.
Chip Evans, Ph.D.
www.theevansgroupllc.com
Page | 5
6. History of Condoms
Formers are glass molds which are dipped twice into the compounded liquid latex. In the dipping process,
the condom shape is formed. After dipping is completed the condoms are dried in the drying ovens then
sent to the leaching and stripping tanks. Leaching is the process that takes off the latex residue and odor.
Next the condoms are washed and dried and covered in talc to remove any stickiness in the latex. This
completes the primary production process.
The condoms are then immersed in the powdering tank. In powdering a mixture of magnesium
carbonate, corn starch, and anti-bacterial chemicals prevents the latex from sticking.
After the condoms are made they need to be tested. There are two types of testing procedures
conducted on the condoms.
The dry electrical test is performed on every condom manufactured and plays an important role in the
quality control process. An electric current is introduced through every single condom to test for pinholes
and overall porosity. Any condom that does not pass the electrical test is discarded.
The second type of testing is done in a factory laboratory. Five tests are performed on randomly-selected
samples of condoms from each batch of condoms produced. These tests are called: air burst, water burst,
aging and wet electrical. Vacuum testing is done on the packaging as well. These tests are performed on
three-month, six-month and five-year and un-aged condoms.
Once the condoms have been manufactured and tested, the final stage in the manufacturing process is foiling
where condoms are lubricated and inserted into aluminum based packages. Final testing is performed on the
packaged condoms before they are approved for shipping. Prior to shipping condoms are stored in
a temperature-controlled environment.
Chip Evans, Ph.D.
www.theevansgroupllc.com
Page | 6