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History of Computers.ppt
The early history of computers included the abacus, the Pascaline mechanical calculator, and Jacquard's punched-card controlled loom. Charles Babbage designed but did not build the Difference Engine and Analytical Engine. Herman Hollerith's tabulating machine used punched cards to compile census data. Generations of computers are classified based on their technology: first generation used vacuum tubes, second used transistors, third used integrated circuits, and fourth used microprocessors. Later generations brought smaller size, lower power consumption, and faster processing.
History of Computers.ppt
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- 3. The Abacus • Thefirst counting device • Has no definite inventor but it’s creation was largely influenced by the Chinese and Romans • Based on a place-value system where the place of a bead or rock determined how much it was worth
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- 5. The Pascaline • Createdby French mathematician and philosopher, Blaise Pascal • Was the first mechanical digital calculator • Could perform only addition and subtraction on whole numbers
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- 7. Jacquard’s Loom • Createdby Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1801 • Used punched cards – Punched card: a card in which holes are punched in designated positions to represent data — called also Hollerith card • View in action
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- 9. Charles Babbage • Calledthe “father of the computer” • Designed two machines: the 1. Difference Engine – Designed to be steam powered and fully automatic 2. Analytical Engine • Was not able to build his machines
- 10. Charles Babbage • Difference Engine •Analytical Engine
- 11. Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine •Invented by Dr. Herman Hollerith • Used punched cards • Was used to compile data for the US census of 1980
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- 14. Generations of the Computer •Classified into five categories • Characterized by the type of electrical component/technology used to build the computer
- 15. First Generation Time periodSize Technology 1945-1956 Very large Vacuum tube
- 16. First Generation ENIAC (ElectronicNumerical Integrator And Computer)
- 17. Second Generation Time periodSize Technology 1956- 1963 Large ; smaller than first generation Transisto r
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- 19. Third Generation Time periodSize Technology 1964-1970 smaller than second generation integrated circuit (IC) or chip
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- 21. Fourth Generation Time periodSize Technology 1971-present • Small • Portable integrated circuit (IC) or chip • LSI • ULSI
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- 24. Fifth Generation • Artificialintelligence – computers mimicking human beings – Greater development of: Robotics Voice recognition
- 25. Summary – Historyof Computers Invention Inventor Abacus Creation influenced by ancient civilization (Chinese, Romans, Egyptians and others). Pascaline Blaise Pascal Jacquard’s Loom Joseph Marie Jacquard Tabulating machine Herman Hollerith Analytical Engine Difference Engine Charles Babbage Adapted from History of Computers presentation by Miss Hall and Mrs. Batchelor (2014)
- 26. Summary – Generationsof Computers First Generation (1945-1956) Second Generation (1956-1963) Third Generation (1964-1970) Fourth Generation (1971- present) Vacuum Tubes Transistors Integrated Circuits Microprocessors Big and Clumsy High electricity consumption Larger AC units were needed Lot of electricity failure occurred. Smaller transistors were used Core memory was developed. Faster than first generation computers Integrated circuits developed Power consumption was low. 100 times faster than the second generation Development of portable computers Floppy disks, optical disks then flash memory became the popular storage media Adapted from History of Computers presentation by Miss Hall and Mrs. Batchelor (2014)
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