Counting on fingers was one of the earliest ways for people to represent and communicate numbers, by displaying quantities on hands. The abacus was then developed as the first calculating machine over 5,000 years ago in China, using a wooden frame with movable beads to perform arithmetic. Later inventions included Pascal's arithmetic machine in 1642 and Babbage's analytical engine in the 1830s, both attempting to mechanize mathematical calculations, before the development of tabulating machines in the late 19th century that could count populations.