C was created in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs to develop the UNIX operating system. Key features were added to its predecessor, the B language, including data types and structures. The C language became widely popular due to its inclusion in the UNIX kernel and the book "The C Programming Language". C++ was created in the 1980s by Bjarne Stroustrup as an object-oriented extension of C, adding classes, templates, and exceptions while maintaining compatibility with C. C++ has since become an ISO standard language widely used for system and application programming.

1. Qurtuba University
Of Science And Information Technology
Assignment
History of C/C++
Submitted To
Sir Javeed
Submitted Date
16-Nov-2015
Submitted By
Fareed Hilal
ID: 10154
Class: BCS
1st Semester
Subject
Programing
fundamentals

2. The History of C/C++ Language Subject Programing Fundamentals
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The History of the C Language
The C programming language was devised in the early 1970s by Dennis M. Ritchie an employee
from Bell Labs (AT&T).
In the 1960s Ritchie worked, with several other employees of Bell Labs (AT&T), on a project called
Multics. The goal of the project was to develop an operating system for a large computer that
could be used by a thousand users. In 1969 AT&T (Bell Labs) withdrew from the project, because
the project could not produce an economically useful system. So the employees of Bell Labs
(AT&T) had to search for another project to work on (mainly Dennis M. Ritchie and Ken
Thompson).
Ken Thompson began to work on the development of a new file system. He wrote, a version of
the new file system for the DEC PDP-7, in assembler. (The new file system was also used for the
game Space Travel). Soon they began to make improvements and add expansions. (They used
their knowledge from the Multics project to add improvements). After a while a complete system
was born. Brian W. Kernighan called the system UNIX, a sarcastic reference to Multics. The whole
system was still written in assembly code.
Besides assembler and FORTRAN, UNIX also had an interpreter for the programming language B.
(The B language is derived directly from Martin Richards BCPL). The language B was developed
in 1969-70 by Ken Thompson. In the early days computer code was written in assembly code. To
perform a specific task, you had to write many pages of code. A high-level language like B made
it possible to write the same task in just a few lines of code. The language B was used for further
development of the UNIX system. Because of the high-level of the B language, code could be
produced much faster, then in assembly.
A drawback of the B language was that it did not know data-types. (Everything was expressed in
machine words). Another functionality that the B language did not provide was the use of
“structures”. The lag of these things formed the reason for Dennis M. Ritchie to develop the
programming language C. So in 1971-73 Dennis M. Ritchie turned the B language into the C
language, keeping most of the language B syntax while adding data-types and many other
changes. The C language had a powerful mix of high-level functionality and the detailed features
required to program an operating system. Therefore many of the UNIX components were
eventually rewritten in C (the UNIX kernel itself was rewritten in 1973 on a DEC PDP-11).

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The programming language C was written down, by Kernighan and Ritchie, in a now classic book
called “The C Programming Language, 1st edition”. (Kernighan has said that he had no part in
the design of the C language: “It’s entirely Dennis Ritchie’s work”. But he is the author of the
famous “Hello, World” program and many other UNIX programs).
For years the book “The C Programming Language, 1st edition” was the standard on the language
C. In 1983 a committee was formed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to
develop a modern definition for the programming language C (ANSI X3J11). In 1988 they
delivered the final standard definition ANSI C. (The standard was based on the book from K&R
1st ed.).
The standard ANSI C made little changes on the original design of the C language. (They had to
make sure that old programs still worked with the new standard). Later on, the ANSI C standard
was adopted by the International Standards Organization (ISO). The correct term should
therefore be ISO C, but everybody still calls it ANSI C.
C++ was invented in the very early 80s by Bjarne stroustrup. He had studied in the doctoral
program at the computing laboratory at Cambridge University.
C++ is an Object Oriented Language which has gained much more importance than any other
object oriented programming language and is increasingly being used. For a long time, C++ was
a standardized language and later in 1998 it became an ISO standard.
The first C++ compiler known as cfront was written by the developer at AT&T. It strong ties to C
language.
At the beginning, the developer and other scientists viewed the work done as an extension of C
language. Actually Bjarne Stroustup wanted to add some new features in the subset of C++ that
support Object Oriented concepts. In the subsequent years, he succeeded in his goal which is
now adays called the C++ language with object oriented approach. C++ is a separate language to
C and is almost a proper superset of C. It is for your information that the original version was
called, “C with classes”.
In 1989, the first true C++ compiler, G++, was written by Michael Tiemann of Cygnus was able to
produce code for most of the targets that GCC already supported.

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In late 90’s and the years following, a number of new C++ compilers were produced but many
were unable to keep pace with the standards committee. This era of no development is the
fundamental cause of non-portable of C++ programs. One of the plus p[points of the language
and especially the standard one is that it encompasses the language interface to the standard
library and also the Standard Template Library (STL). There are many new features added in this
language but a few of them are presented in the following manner.
Built in tool (Boolean) type
Exceptions
Casts
Namespaces
The mutable keyword
Templates
Standard Template library (STL)
Conclusion:
There are only a few incompatibilities with C and they are new keywords such as New, delete,
Void* pointer type conversion, etc. The last thing which should also be mentioned is that the
improved comments where the delimiter gives two types of flavor. The first flavor is the C
comment delimiters and the new one is the form of double slash. At the end I would say briefly
that C was redesigned, extended and the reimplementation of this process, the resulting
language is now called the C++ language.