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HIDROSEFALUS
DEFINITION OF HYDROCEPHALUS
Accumulation of active cerebrospinal fluid (CSS) which causes dilatation
of the ventricular system of the brain where there is accumulation of
CSF overuse of one or more ventricles or subarachnoid space
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HYDROCEPHALUS
brain development
abnormalities (46%)
subarachnoid hemorrhage
and meningitis (50%)
posterior fossa tumor (<4%)
2 cases/1000 births
Toxoplasmosis (adolescents
and adults)
All Age
ETIOLOGI HIDROSEFALUS
Congenital Hydrocephalus
Brainstem Malformation  stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius
Dandy-Walker malformation
Arnold-Chiari malformation type 1 and type 2
Agenesis of the foramen of Monroe
Congenital toxoplasmosis
Bickers-Adams syndrome
•
•
•
•
•
Aquired Hydrocephalus
•
•
•
•
Lession Massa
Bleeding
Infection
Idiopatic
Hydrocephalus of Adult
•
•
•
•
subarachnoid Bleeding
Idiopatic Hidrocephalus
Tumor
Meningitis
CLASSIFICATION OF HYDROCEPHALUSG
• hidrosefalus congenital
• hidrosefalus akuisita
• hidrosefalus acute
• hidrosefalus cronic
Circulation CSF
Pseudohydrocephalus and Normal Pressure
Hydrocephalus
Clinical Sign
• overt hydrocephalus
• occult hydrocephalus
Formation Time
Formation Procces
• comunicans hydrocephalus
• non-Comunicans hydrocephalus
ANATOMI SISTEM CSS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ventrikel
Ventrikel
Ventrikel
Lateral
Tertius
Quartus
Ruang Subaraknoid
FISIOLOGI ALIRAN CSS
PATOFISIOLOGI HIDROSEFALUS
Increased of
CSF
Production
• Choroid plexus tumor
(papiloma)or carcinoma)
Vitamin A hypervitaminosis
•
• Malformation: Sylvius aqueduct
stenosisand Arnold Chiari malformation
• Mass lesions eg tumorsintraventricular,
paraventricular tumors,arachnoid cyst,
and hematoma.
• Inflammatory process
CSF Flow
Interruption
CSF
Absorption
Interruption
• Damage to the arachnoid villi
ICP Increased • whole wideninglateral
ventricle
• thinning of the
ependymal lining of the
ventricles
• increased ventricular
permeability
• CSF absorption
• brain hemorrhage,
brain
tumor/infection/abscess,
• Sylvi cerebral aqueduct
stenosis
• extradural hematoma
• acute brain edema
•
•
•
Visual disturbance
Projectile vomiting
cephalgia
CSF Flow and
Absorption
Interruoption
Substansia Alba edema
•
•
•
•
there is a direct relationship between
CSF ventricular system and CSF in
space subarachnoid
Distal obstruction of the system
ventricles (subarachnoid space or
arachnoid granulation)
Hydrocephalus
Communicate
CSF on ventricular space can’t reach
the subarachnoid space there is a
blockage to the flow of CSF in
foramen of Monroe, aquaductus
cerebri Sylvii or at the foramen of
Magendi and Luscha
Hydrocephalus
Non
Communicate
headache is not typical
vomiting in the morning
double vision (diplopia)
way change walk
memory and learning
process↓↓
Macrocephalic anterior
fontanelle prominent
setting-sun Sign
Abducens nerve
paralysis
papilledema or papillary
atrophy
nystagmus and
strabismus
cracked-pot sign
GAMBARAN KLINIS HIDROSEFALUS
Hidrosefalus ex-
vacuo
triad of
dementia
walking
disorders
Urinary
incontinence
Anak berumur kurang
dari 6 tahun
Neonatus Dewasa
•
•
Irritability
don't want to eat
and drink
Consciousness
down towards
lethargy
Vomitting
• Headache
• Visual
disturbances
• Motor
disturbances/w
alking
• Seizures
• abducens
nerve paralysis
• papilledema
•
•
•
•
•
GAMBARAN RADIOLOGI
bigger head size
widening of the
sutures
erosion of sella
tursica
distance between the external
tabula and internal narrow
impressiones digitate
USG
Bilateral dilatation is seen from
both lateral ventricle
thinning of brain tissue
CT SCAN
ventricular size
dilatation of the ventricles in the
CT Scan photo
location and size of
tumor
• blockage position
MRI
Ventricel Dilatation
causes of hydrocephalus
thinning of the corpus callosum
Hidrosefalus non-komunikans
CT/MRI CRITERIA FOR
HYDROCEPHALUS
HCP is suggested when either
1. the size of both
temporal horns (TH) is ≥
2 mm in width and the
sylvian &
interhemispheric
fissures and cerebral
sulci are not visible
2. both TH are ≥ 2mm,
and the ratio FH/ID >
0,5 (where FH is the
largest width of the
frontal horns, and ID is
the internal diameter
from inner-table to
inner-table at this level
Suggestive for hydrocephalus
1. Ballooning of frontal horns of lateral ventricles (“Mickey Mouse” ventricles) and/or 3rd ventricle (the
3rd ventricle should normally be slit-like)
2. periventricular low density on CT, or periventricular high intensity signal on T2WI on MRI suggesting
transependymal absorption of CSF (note: amisnomer: CSF does not actually penetrate the ependymal
lining, proven with CSF labeling studies; probably represents stasis of fluid in brain adjacent to ventricles
3. used alone, the ratio FH/ID
– < 40% normal
– 40 % - 50% borderline
– > 50% suggested hydrocephalus
4. Evans ratio (originally described for ventriculography, or index; note: measurements that rely on the
frontal horn diameter tend to underestimate hydrocephalus in pediatrics possibly because of
disproportionate dilatation of the occipital horns in peds32): ratio of FH to maximal biparietal diameter
(BPD) measured in the same CT slice: > 0.3 suggests hydrocephalus
5. sagittal MRI may show thinning of the corpus callosum (generally present w ith chronic HCP) and/or
upward bowing of the corpus callosum
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF
HYDROCEPHALUS
Holoprosencephaly
proliferative failure of brain tissue to form two hemisphere
Hydranencephaly
most of the cerebral hemispheres are replaced by CSF
Atrofi Serebri
loss of cells or tissue, so cerebral atrophy can be definedas loss of
brain tissue (neurons and connections)between neurons)
PENATALAKSANAAN
Medikamentosa
•
•
•
Asetazolamid
Furosemid
Kortikosteroid
Operatif
• Eksternal (Pungsi Lumbal)
• Internal
• Ventrikulo-Sisternal
• Ventrikulo-Atrial
• Ventrikulo-Peritoneal
• Lumbo Peritoneal Shunt
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy
(ETV)
HYDROCEPHALUS PROGNOSIS
Quo ad Vitam
• Bonam
Quo ad
Functionam
• Dubia ad bonam
TERIMAKASIH 

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HIDROSEFALUS.pptx

  • 2. DEFINITION OF HYDROCEPHALUS Accumulation of active cerebrospinal fluid (CSS) which causes dilatation of the ventricular system of the brain where there is accumulation of CSF overuse of one or more ventricles or subarachnoid space
  • 3. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HYDROCEPHALUS brain development abnormalities (46%) subarachnoid hemorrhage and meningitis (50%) posterior fossa tumor (<4%) 2 cases/1000 births Toxoplasmosis (adolescents and adults) All Age
  • 4. ETIOLOGI HIDROSEFALUS Congenital Hydrocephalus Brainstem Malformation  stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius Dandy-Walker malformation Arnold-Chiari malformation type 1 and type 2 Agenesis of the foramen of Monroe Congenital toxoplasmosis Bickers-Adams syndrome • • • • • Aquired Hydrocephalus • • • • Lession Massa Bleeding Infection Idiopatic Hydrocephalus of Adult • • • • subarachnoid Bleeding Idiopatic Hidrocephalus Tumor Meningitis
  • 5. CLASSIFICATION OF HYDROCEPHALUSG • hidrosefalus congenital • hidrosefalus akuisita • hidrosefalus acute • hidrosefalus cronic Circulation CSF Pseudohydrocephalus and Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Clinical Sign • overt hydrocephalus • occult hydrocephalus Formation Time Formation Procces • comunicans hydrocephalus • non-Comunicans hydrocephalus
  • 8. PATOFISIOLOGI HIDROSEFALUS Increased of CSF Production • Choroid plexus tumor (papiloma)or carcinoma) Vitamin A hypervitaminosis • • Malformation: Sylvius aqueduct stenosisand Arnold Chiari malformation • Mass lesions eg tumorsintraventricular, paraventricular tumors,arachnoid cyst, and hematoma. • Inflammatory process CSF Flow Interruption CSF Absorption Interruption • Damage to the arachnoid villi
  • 9. ICP Increased • whole wideninglateral ventricle • thinning of the ependymal lining of the ventricles • increased ventricular permeability • CSF absorption • brain hemorrhage, brain tumor/infection/abscess, • Sylvi cerebral aqueduct stenosis • extradural hematoma • acute brain edema • • • Visual disturbance Projectile vomiting cephalgia CSF Flow and Absorption Interruoption Substansia Alba edema
  • 10. • • • • there is a direct relationship between CSF ventricular system and CSF in space subarachnoid Distal obstruction of the system ventricles (subarachnoid space or arachnoid granulation) Hydrocephalus Communicate CSF on ventricular space can’t reach the subarachnoid space there is a blockage to the flow of CSF in foramen of Monroe, aquaductus cerebri Sylvii or at the foramen of Magendi and Luscha Hydrocephalus Non Communicate
  • 11. headache is not typical vomiting in the morning double vision (diplopia) way change walk memory and learning process↓↓ Macrocephalic anterior fontanelle prominent setting-sun Sign Abducens nerve paralysis papilledema or papillary atrophy nystagmus and strabismus cracked-pot sign GAMBARAN KLINIS HIDROSEFALUS Hidrosefalus ex- vacuo triad of dementia walking disorders Urinary incontinence Anak berumur kurang dari 6 tahun Neonatus Dewasa • • Irritability don't want to eat and drink Consciousness down towards lethargy Vomitting • Headache • Visual disturbances • Motor disturbances/w alking • Seizures • abducens nerve paralysis • papilledema • • • • •
  • 12. GAMBARAN RADIOLOGI bigger head size widening of the sutures erosion of sella tursica distance between the external tabula and internal narrow impressiones digitate
  • 13. USG Bilateral dilatation is seen from both lateral ventricle thinning of brain tissue
  • 14. CT SCAN ventricular size dilatation of the ventricles in the CT Scan photo location and size of tumor • blockage position
  • 15. MRI Ventricel Dilatation causes of hydrocephalus thinning of the corpus callosum
  • 17. CT/MRI CRITERIA FOR HYDROCEPHALUS HCP is suggested when either 1. the size of both temporal horns (TH) is ≥ 2 mm in width and the sylvian & interhemispheric fissures and cerebral sulci are not visible 2. both TH are ≥ 2mm, and the ratio FH/ID > 0,5 (where FH is the largest width of the frontal horns, and ID is the internal diameter from inner-table to inner-table at this level
  • 18. Suggestive for hydrocephalus 1. Ballooning of frontal horns of lateral ventricles (“Mickey Mouse” ventricles) and/or 3rd ventricle (the 3rd ventricle should normally be slit-like) 2. periventricular low density on CT, or periventricular high intensity signal on T2WI on MRI suggesting transependymal absorption of CSF (note: amisnomer: CSF does not actually penetrate the ependymal lining, proven with CSF labeling studies; probably represents stasis of fluid in brain adjacent to ventricles 3. used alone, the ratio FH/ID – < 40% normal – 40 % - 50% borderline – > 50% suggested hydrocephalus 4. Evans ratio (originally described for ventriculography, or index; note: measurements that rely on the frontal horn diameter tend to underestimate hydrocephalus in pediatrics possibly because of disproportionate dilatation of the occipital horns in peds32): ratio of FH to maximal biparietal diameter (BPD) measured in the same CT slice: > 0.3 suggests hydrocephalus 5. sagittal MRI may show thinning of the corpus callosum (generally present w ith chronic HCP) and/or upward bowing of the corpus callosum
  • 19. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HYDROCEPHALUS Holoprosencephaly proliferative failure of brain tissue to form two hemisphere Hydranencephaly most of the cerebral hemispheres are replaced by CSF Atrofi Serebri loss of cells or tissue, so cerebral atrophy can be definedas loss of brain tissue (neurons and connections)between neurons)
  • 20. PENATALAKSANAAN Medikamentosa • • • Asetazolamid Furosemid Kortikosteroid Operatif • Eksternal (Pungsi Lumbal) • Internal • Ventrikulo-Sisternal • Ventrikulo-Atrial • Ventrikulo-Peritoneal • Lumbo Peritoneal Shunt Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV)
  • 21. HYDROCEPHALUS PROGNOSIS Quo ad Vitam • Bonam Quo ad Functionam • Dubia ad bonam

Editor's Notes

  1. Penumpukan cairan serebrospinal (CSS) secara aktif yang menyebabkan dilatasi sistem ventrikel otak dimana terjadi akumulasi CSS yang berlebihan pada satu atau lebih ventrikel atau ruang subarachnoid
  2. Kelainan bawaan a) Stenosis Akuaduktus Sylvius- merupakan penyebab terbanyak. 60%-90% kasus hidrosefalus terjadi pada bayi dan anak-anak. Umumnya terlihat sejak lahir atau progresif dengan cepat pada bulan-bulan pertama setelah lahir. b) Spina bifida dan cranium bifida – berhubungan dengan sindroma Arnord-Chiari akibat tertariknya medulla spinalis, dengan medulla oblongata dan serebelum letaknya lebih rendah dan menutupi foramen magnum sehingga terjadi penyumbatan sebagian atau total. c) Sindrom Dandy-Walker - atresiakongenital foramen Luschka dan Magendi dengan akibat hidrosefalus obstruktif dengan pelebaran system ventrikel, terutama ventrikel IV yang dapat sedemikian besarnya hingga merupakan suatu kista yang besar di daerah fossa posterior
  3. Klasifikasi hidrose!alus cukup beragam0 bergantung pada !aktor yang  berkaitan dengannya/ Berikut ini klasi!ikasi hidrose!alus yang sering dijumpai  # a/ Menurut gambaran klinik0 dikenal hidrose!alus mani!es (overt hydrocephalus) dan hidrose!alus yang tersembunyi (occult hydrocephalus)/ Hidrose!alus yang tampak jelas tanda4tanda klinis yang khas disebut hidrose!alus yang mani!es/ Sementara itu0 hidrose!alus dengan ukuran kepala yang normal disebut sebagai hidrose!alus yang tersembunyi/ #  b/ Menurut -aktu pembentukannya0 dikenal hidrose!alus kongenital dan hidrose!alus akuisita/ Hidrose!alus yang terjadi pada neonatus atau  berkembang selama intra4uterin disebut hidrose!alus kongenital/ Hidrose!alus yang terjadi karena :edera kepala selama proses kelahiran disebut hidrose!alus in!antil/ Hidrose!alus akuisita adalah hidrose!alus yang terjadi setelah masa neonatus atau disebabkan oleh !aktor4!aktor lain setelah masa neonatus/ # :/ Menurut proses terbentuknya hidrose!alus0 dikenal hidrose!alus akut dan hidrosea!alus kronik/ Hidrose!alus akut adalah hidrose!alus yang terjadi se:ara mendadak sebagai akibat obstruksi atau gangguan absorbsi ;SS/ Disebut hidrose!alus kronik apabila perkembangan hidrose!alus tejadi setelah aliran ;SS mengalami obstruksi beberapa minggu/ # d/ Menurut sirkulasi ;SS0 dikenal hidrose!alus komunikans dan hidose!alus non4 komunikans/ Hidrose!alus non4komunikans berarti ;SS sistem ,entrikulus tidak berhubungan dengan ;SS ruang subaraknoid misalnya yang terjadi bila akuaduktus Syl,ii0 atau !oramina 8us:hka dan Magendie tersumbat/ Hidrose!alus komunikans adalah hidrose!alus yang memperlihatkan adanya hubungan antara ;SS sistem ,entrikulus dan ;SS dari ruang subaraknoid< :ontohnya0 terjadi bila penyerapan ;SS di dalam ,ili araknoidalis terhambat/ #0> e/ Pseudohidrose!alus dan hidrose!alus tekanan normal (normal pressure hydrocephalus)/ Pseudohidrose!alus adalah disproporsi kepala dan badan bayi/ Kepala bayi tumbuh :epat selama bulan kedua sampai bulan kedelapan/ Sesudah itu disproporsinya berkurang dan kemudian menghilang sebelum  berumur tiga tahun/ Hidrose!alus tekanan normal ditandai oleh pelebaran sitem ,entrikulus otak tetapi tekanan ;SS dalam batas normal/
  4. Ruangan cairan serebrospinal (CSS) terdiri dari sistem ventrikel, sisterna magna pada dasar otak dan ruangan subaraknoid. Ruangan ini mulai terbentuk pada minggu kelima masa embrio. Sistem ventrikel dan ruang subarachnoid dihubungkan melalui foramen Magendi di median dan foramen Luschka di sebelah lateral ventrikel IV. airan serebrospinalis dihasilkan oleh pleksus koroidalis di ventrikel otak. Cairan ini mengalir ke foramen Monro ke ventrikel III, kemudian melalui akuaduktus Sylvius ke ventrikel IV. Cairan tersebut kemudian mengalir melalui foramen Magendi dan Luschka ke sisterna magna dan rongga subarachnoid di bagian cranial maupun spinal. ekitar 70% cairan serebrospinal dihasilkan oleh pleksus koroidideus, dan sisanya di hasilkan oleh pergerakan dari cairan transepidermal dari otak menuju sistem ventrikel. Bagi anak-anak usia 4-13 tahun rata-rata volume cairan liqour adalah 90 ml dan 150 ml pada orang dewasa. Tingkat pembentukan adalah sekitar 0,35 ml /menit atau 500 ml / hari. Sekitar 14% dari total volume tersebut mengalami absorbsi setiap satu jam.
  5. ada hubungan langsung antara sistem ventrikel CSF dan CSF di spacesubarachnoid Obstruksi distal dari sistem ventrikel (ruang subarachnoid atau granulasi arachnoid) CSF pada ruang ventrikular tidak dapat mencapai ruang subarachnoid ada penyumbatan aliran CSF di foramen Monroe, aquaductus cerebri Sylvii atau di foramen Magendi dan Luscha
  6. nyeri kepala tidak khas muntah di pagi hari penglihatan ganda (diplopia) perubahan cara berjalan daya ingat dan proses belajar↓↓ makrosefal Fontanela anterior tampak menonjol setting-sun sign Paralisis nervus abdusens edema papil atau atrofi papil nistagmus dan strabismus cracked-pot sign
  7. HCP disarankan ketika: ukuran kedua tanduk temporal (TH) adalah 2 mm lebar dan fisura sylvian & interhemispheric dan sulkus serebral tidak terlihat keduanya TH adalah 2mm, dan rasio FH/ID > 0:5 (di mana FH adalah lebar terbesar dari tanduk depan, dan ID adalah eter diam internal dari meja bagian dalam ke meja bagian dalam pada tingkat ini
  8. 1. Balon tanduk frontal ventrikel lateral (ventrikel "Mickey Mouse") dan/atau ventrikel ke-3 (ventrikel ke-3 biasanya harus seperti celah) kepadatan rendah periventrikular pada CT, atau sinyal intensitas tinggi periventrikular pada T2WI pada MRI menunjukkan penyerapan transependymal CSF (catatan: amisnomer: CSF tidak benar-benar menembus lapisan ependymal, terbukti dengan studi pelabelan CSF; mungkin mewakili stasis cairan di otak yang berdekatan dengan ventrikel digunakan sendiri, rasio FH/ID < 40% biasa 40% - 50% batas > 50% hidrosefalus yang disarankan Rasio Evans (awalnya dijelaskan untuk ventrikulografi, atau indeks; catatan: pengukuran yang mengandalkan diameter tanduk frontal cenderung meremehkan hidrosefalus pada pediatri mungkin karena dilatasi yang tidak proporsional dari tanduk oksipital pada peds32): rasio FH terhadap diameter biparietal maksimal (BPD) diukur dalam irisan CT yang sama: > 0,3 menunjukkan hidrosefalus MRI sagital dapat menunjukkan penipisan corpus callosum (umumnya hadir dengan HCP kronis) dan/atau corpus callosum membungkuk ke atas
  9. Holoprosencephaly Holoprosencephaly munnul karena kegagalan proliferasi dari jaringan otak  untuk membentuk dua hemiser/ Salah satu tipe terberat dari holoprosen:ephaly adalah bentuk alobaris karena biasa diikuti oleh kelainan -ajah0 ,entrikel lateralis0 septum pelusida dan atro!i ner,us optikus/ Bentuk lain dari holoprosen:ephaly adalah semilobaris holoprosen:ephaly dimana otak :enderung untuk berproli!erasi menjadi dua hemis!er/ Karena terdapat hubungan antara pembentukan -ajah dan proli!erasi sara!0 maka kelainan pada -ajah biasanya ditemukan pada pasien holoprosen:ephaly/
  10. Medikamentosa Pengobatan dengan Farmakologi dilakukan untuk menunda operasi/ Biasa dilakukan pada bayi premature dengan hidrosefalus post perdarahan Pengobatan dengan farmakologi tidak efektif untuk jangka waktu yang lama Pengobatan secara farmakologi bekerja dengan mengurangi produksi CSS (Acetazolamide atau Furosemide) dan meningkatkan penyerapan CSS. Hidrosefalus dengan progresifitas rendah dan tanpa obstruksi tidak memerlukan operasi/ Dapat diberi asetazolamid dengan dosis 25-50 Mg/kgBB/ Pada keadaan akut dapat diberikan manitol/ Diuretik dan kortikosteroid dapat diberikan walaupun hasinya kurang memuaskan. Acetazolamide (a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor): 25 m g/kg/day PO divided TID × 1 day, increase 25 m g/kg/day each day until 100 m g/kg/day is reached Simultaneously start furosemide: 1 m g/kg/day PO divided TID Operatif Operasi merupakan pilihan terapi. Punksi lumbal ulangan dapat dilakukan pada pasien hidrosefalus setelah perdarahan interventrikular. Shunt merupakan terapi yang banyak dilakukan pada kebanyakan orang. Hanya 25% pasien dapat diobati tanpa melakukan shunt. Prinsip dari shunt adalah membentuk hubungan atau saluaran antara ventrikulus dengan rongga plura atau peritoneum. •ventriculoperitoneal (AP) Shunt adalah yang paling banyak digunakan. •Ventriculoatrial (VA) Shunt dikenal juga sebagai vascular shunt, prinsipnya menghubungkan Ventrikel, vena jugularis dan, vena cava superior ke atrium Kanan. Prosedur ini dilakukan pada pasien dengan kelainan abdominal seperti peritonitis. • Lumboperitoneal Shunt, hanya digunakan pada hidrosefalus komunikans, Fistula CSF dan pseudotumor. • Torkildsen shunt sudah jarang digunakan, Prinsipnya adalah menghubungkan antara ventrikel dengan sisterna magna dan hanya efektif pada hidrosefalus obstruktif didapat. • Ventriculopleural shunt merupakan pilihan kedua
  11. Perawatan Medis Hidrosefalus diuretik Acetazolamide (inhibitor karbonat anhidrase): 25 m g/kg/hari PO dibagi TID × 1 hari, meningkat 25 m g/kg/hari setiap hari sampai 100 m g/kg/hari tercapai Mulai furosemide secara bersamaan: 1 m g/kg/hari PO dibagi TID Untuk mengatasi asidosis, gunakan tricitrate mulai 4 ml/kg/hari dibagi QID (setiap ml setara dengan 2 mEq bikarbonat, dan mengandung 1 m Eq K+ dan 1 m Eq Na+) ukur elektrolit serial, dan sesuaikan dosis untuk mempertahankan serum HCO3 > 18 m Eq/L ganti ke Polycitra-K® (2 m Eq K+ per ml, tanpa Na+) jika kalium serum menjadi rendah, atau menjadi natrium bikarbonat jika natrium serum menjadi rendah perhatikan keseimbangan elektrolit dan efek samping acetazolam ide: lesu, takipnea, diare, parestesia (misalnya kesemutan di ujung jari) lakukan U/S atau CT scan mingguan dan masukkan shunt ventrikular jika terjadi egal ventrikulom progresif. Jika tidak, pertahankan terapi selama 6 bulan percobaan, kemudian dosis lancip selama 2-4 minggu. Lanjutkan 3-4 bulan pengobatan jika HCP progresif terjadi
  12. Kelangsungan Hidup (Quo ad Vitam) Prognosis atau keberlangsungan penyakit sangat ditentukan oleh adanya kelaian neural dan ekstraneural yang menetap. Pada sebagaian besar kasus 50% kasus meninggal saat masih dalam uterus atau dilakukan terminasi pada kehamilan karena adanya ketidaknormalan yang terdeteksi. Dan 50% sisanya berkembang menjadi Ventricolomegaly yang progresif. Pada bayi seperti ini, segera setelah dilakukan shunt akan memberikan hasil yang baik Kelangsungan Organ Pada anak- anak dengan hidrosefalus terjadi peningkatan ketidakmampuan mental dan kognitif. Kemampuan atau pengetahuan umum sangat berkurang bila dibandingkan dengan populasi anak-anak pada umumnya, kebanyakan anak mengalami keterbelakangan mental, verbal dan memori. Selain itu juga menyebabkan kelainan pada mata.