Implementation of a Simulation Model Using the Systems Dynamics: Case Study f...IJERA Editor
With computer technology reaching the construction industry, much has changed in the way that these are
idealized and designed. Currently, with the increasing availability of tools for the development of the models and
parametric models intended for digital manufacturing, the insertion of these characteristics as design tool allows
the designer to test solutions on various factors that permeate the design process, especially as regards the
constructive points. The experience of the parameterisation dynamics and the dynamics of digital manufacturing
from the design of the project allows the development of complex geometries, since the control their properties
the analyses of structural variables of environmental comfort and aesthetics. The growth of the complexity of the
projects and the capacity of computing resources, has arisen the need to use a more systemic approach, as well as
have emerged the simulation programs based on dynamic systems, a digital simulation methodology in order to
understand complex forms, which is part of the concept of systemic thought for the resolution of problems. The
objective is in this Article is to identify and analyse the aspects of potential simulation based on dynamic
systems and demonstrate a practical case drawn up in Dynamo software.
A REVIEW OF ICT TECHNOLOGY IN CONSTRUCTIONIJMIT JOURNAL
A growing awareness in the construction industry has emerged to pay a sharp attention to ICT as a catalyst that would itigate the deficiencies characterized by this industry. In comparison with other cited review articles, this paper is aimed to 1) compile the research published on “ICT Technologies” in
correspondence to “Construction Tasks” in the construction industry over the past two decades (1996- 2016), 2) demonstrate the trends and patterns in the use of different types of ICT Technologies 3) discuss the correspondence of the identified ICT Technologies to the identified Construction Tasks and 4) exhibit the construction needs of ICT. By the employment of a five phases profiling methodology, a set of 68 out of 202 articles and papers indexed by Elsevier’s Scopus database was considered relevant for the current review paper. This research is targeting the beginning researchers and practitioners in the field of ICT in construction.
A systematic mapping study of performance analysis and modelling of cloud sys...IJECEIAES
Cloud computing is a paradigm that uses utility-driven models in providing dynamic services to clients at all levels. Performance analysis and modelling is essential because of service level agreement guarantees. Studies on performance analysis and modelling are increasing in a productive manner on the cloud landscape on issues like virtual machines and data storage. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic mapping study of performance analysis and modelling of cloud systems and applications. A systematic mapping study is useful in visualization and summarizing the research carried in an area of interest. The systematic study provided an overview of studies on this subject by using a structure, based on categorization. The results are presented in terms of research such as evaluation and solution, and contribution such as tools and method utilized. The results showed that there were more discussions on optimization in relation to tool, method and process with 6.42%, 14.29% and 7.62% respectively. In addition, analysis based on designs in terms of model had 14.29% and publication relating to optimization in terms of evaluation research had 9.77%, validation 7.52%, experience 3.01%, and solution 10.51%. Research gaps were identified and should motivate researchers in pursuing further research directions.
Implementation of a Simulation Model Using the Systems Dynamics: Case Study f...IJERA Editor
With computer technology reaching the construction industry, much has changed in the way that these are
idealized and designed. Currently, with the increasing availability of tools for the development of the models and
parametric models intended for digital manufacturing, the insertion of these characteristics as design tool allows
the designer to test solutions on various factors that permeate the design process, especially as regards the
constructive points. The experience of the parameterisation dynamics and the dynamics of digital manufacturing
from the design of the project allows the development of complex geometries, since the control their properties
the analyses of structural variables of environmental comfort and aesthetics. The growth of the complexity of the
projects and the capacity of computing resources, has arisen the need to use a more systemic approach, as well as
have emerged the simulation programs based on dynamic systems, a digital simulation methodology in order to
understand complex forms, which is part of the concept of systemic thought for the resolution of problems. The
objective is in this Article is to identify and analyse the aspects of potential simulation based on dynamic
systems and demonstrate a practical case drawn up in Dynamo software.
A REVIEW OF ICT TECHNOLOGY IN CONSTRUCTIONIJMIT JOURNAL
A growing awareness in the construction industry has emerged to pay a sharp attention to ICT as a catalyst that would itigate the deficiencies characterized by this industry. In comparison with other cited review articles, this paper is aimed to 1) compile the research published on “ICT Technologies” in
correspondence to “Construction Tasks” in the construction industry over the past two decades (1996- 2016), 2) demonstrate the trends and patterns in the use of different types of ICT Technologies 3) discuss the correspondence of the identified ICT Technologies to the identified Construction Tasks and 4) exhibit the construction needs of ICT. By the employment of a five phases profiling methodology, a set of 68 out of 202 articles and papers indexed by Elsevier’s Scopus database was considered relevant for the current review paper. This research is targeting the beginning researchers and practitioners in the field of ICT in construction.
A systematic mapping study of performance analysis and modelling of cloud sys...IJECEIAES
Cloud computing is a paradigm that uses utility-driven models in providing dynamic services to clients at all levels. Performance analysis and modelling is essential because of service level agreement guarantees. Studies on performance analysis and modelling are increasing in a productive manner on the cloud landscape on issues like virtual machines and data storage. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic mapping study of performance analysis and modelling of cloud systems and applications. A systematic mapping study is useful in visualization and summarizing the research carried in an area of interest. The systematic study provided an overview of studies on this subject by using a structure, based on categorization. The results are presented in terms of research such as evaluation and solution, and contribution such as tools and method utilized. The results showed that there were more discussions on optimization in relation to tool, method and process with 6.42%, 14.29% and 7.62% respectively. In addition, analysis based on designs in terms of model had 14.29% and publication relating to optimization in terms of evaluation research had 9.77%, validation 7.52%, experience 3.01%, and solution 10.51%. Research gaps were identified and should motivate researchers in pursuing further research directions.
Whitepaper: "Construction Lifecycle Management – a necessary business strateg...Ionel GRECESCU
Historically, Product Lifecycle Management vendors have supported AEC solutions while Enterprise Resource Planning vendors have been focusing on the EPC side of the AEC/EPC ecosystem.
It is time to adopt a holistic approach to Construction Lifecycle and both, PLM and ERP vendors, must provide new technologies and solutions to promote efficient collaboration between Construction disciplines and streamline Business Practices that result in increased profitability and significant savings for their customers.
Construction Lifecycle Management promotes new ways of thinking and doing business, aiming to achieve Lean by delivering an innovative Construction Process Integration framework to manage holistically all the phases of the Lifecycle of a Capital Asset: design, build, operate and retirement.
A Bibliometric Review of the Evolution of Building Information Modeling (BIM)...Khaled gharib
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a powerful tool that
allows architects, engineers, and construction professionals to
create detailed 3D models of buildings, which contain a wealth
data about the physical characteristics and attributes of the
project, one of the key benefits that it allows stakeholders to
visualize the project in great detail, which can help identify
potential problems or inefficiencies before construction even
begins. However, BIM data is static and does not reflect
changes or updates that occur after construction is complete.
As the construction industry continues to modernize, Building
Information Modeling (BIM) has become a staple in the design
and construction phases of a project. The widespread adoption
of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and the recent
emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) applications offer several
new insights and decision-making capabilities throughout the
life cycle of the built environment. In recent years, the ability of
real-time connectivity to online sensors deployed in an
environment has led to the emergence of the concept of the
Digital Twin of the built environment. This is where the concept
of the digital twin has emerged to revolutionize the way
buildings are managed and operated throughout their entire
lifecycle. A digital twin is a virtual replica of a physical asset or
system that incorporates real-time data from sensors and other
sources, by connecting BIM models to IoT sensors and other
data sources, it is possible to create a dynamic digital twin that
can provide real-time insights into the performance and
condition of a building. Overall, the integration of BIM and IoT
into digital twins offers a powerful tool for designers, engineers,
and building managers to optimize the performance and
efficiency of buildings. This paper conduct a bibliometric review
over the evolution of BIM to DT, examining the benefits of each
technology and how Digital Twin expand on the capabilities of
BIM. The paper also will discuss Digital Twin and BIM in the
industry, discussing real-world applications and the tangible
benefits that organizations have experienced. Ultimately, this
paper highlights the importance of embracing new
technologies like Digital Twins to achieve optimal efficiency and
cost savings in the building industry
This paper examines the concept of Augmented reality and its various applications in civil engineering. The concept envisages reducing, or rather eliminating errors that creep in during construction process due to human and other technical errors. The concept of AR helps in recreating the architectural and structural drawings in actual scale on the field. This uses the techniques of holographic projections and other mobile applications to create a 3D image of the drawing. The Concept is to create an image of the structure as envisaged on the basis of calculations and compare it in real time with the actual construction, which can help in identifying errors quickly and efficiently.
Software Sustainability: The Challenges and Opportunities for Enterprises and...Patricia Lago
This is the opening keynote presentation to the 14th IFIP WG 8.1 Working Conference on the Practice of Enterprise Modeling (PoEM) 2021. See at https://poem2021.rtu.lv/program
Whitepaper: "Construction Lifecycle Management – a necessary business strateg...Ionel GRECESCU
Historically, Product Lifecycle Management vendors have supported AEC solutions while Enterprise Resource Planning vendors have been focusing on the EPC side of the AEC/EPC ecosystem.
It is time to adopt a holistic approach to Construction Lifecycle and both, PLM and ERP vendors, must provide new technologies and solutions to promote efficient collaboration between Construction disciplines and streamline Business Practices that result in increased profitability and significant savings for their customers.
Construction Lifecycle Management promotes new ways of thinking and doing business, aiming to achieve Lean by delivering an innovative Construction Process Integration framework to manage holistically all the phases of the Lifecycle of a Capital Asset: design, build, operate and retirement.
A Bibliometric Review of the Evolution of Building Information Modeling (BIM)...Khaled gharib
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a powerful tool that
allows architects, engineers, and construction professionals to
create detailed 3D models of buildings, which contain a wealth
data about the physical characteristics and attributes of the
project, one of the key benefits that it allows stakeholders to
visualize the project in great detail, which can help identify
potential problems or inefficiencies before construction even
begins. However, BIM data is static and does not reflect
changes or updates that occur after construction is complete.
As the construction industry continues to modernize, Building
Information Modeling (BIM) has become a staple in the design
and construction phases of a project. The widespread adoption
of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and the recent
emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) applications offer several
new insights and decision-making capabilities throughout the
life cycle of the built environment. In recent years, the ability of
real-time connectivity to online sensors deployed in an
environment has led to the emergence of the concept of the
Digital Twin of the built environment. This is where the concept
of the digital twin has emerged to revolutionize the way
buildings are managed and operated throughout their entire
lifecycle. A digital twin is a virtual replica of a physical asset or
system that incorporates real-time data from sensors and other
sources, by connecting BIM models to IoT sensors and other
data sources, it is possible to create a dynamic digital twin that
can provide real-time insights into the performance and
condition of a building. Overall, the integration of BIM and IoT
into digital twins offers a powerful tool for designers, engineers,
and building managers to optimize the performance and
efficiency of buildings. This paper conduct a bibliometric review
over the evolution of BIM to DT, examining the benefits of each
technology and how Digital Twin expand on the capabilities of
BIM. The paper also will discuss Digital Twin and BIM in the
industry, discussing real-world applications and the tangible
benefits that organizations have experienced. Ultimately, this
paper highlights the importance of embracing new
technologies like Digital Twins to achieve optimal efficiency and
cost savings in the building industry
This paper examines the concept of Augmented reality and its various applications in civil engineering. The concept envisages reducing, or rather eliminating errors that creep in during construction process due to human and other technical errors. The concept of AR helps in recreating the architectural and structural drawings in actual scale on the field. This uses the techniques of holographic projections and other mobile applications to create a 3D image of the drawing. The Concept is to create an image of the structure as envisaged on the basis of calculations and compare it in real time with the actual construction, which can help in identifying errors quickly and efficiently.
Software Sustainability: The Challenges and Opportunities for Enterprises and...Patricia Lago
This is the opening keynote presentation to the 14th IFIP WG 8.1 Working Conference on the Practice of Enterprise Modeling (PoEM) 2021. See at https://poem2021.rtu.lv/program
This “Guide to the Construction Galaxy” or in other words Construction Industry Glossary is created by coBuilder and it consists of some of the important terms and abbreviations currently used in the construction domain.
International Journal of Production Research,2007, 1–22, iFihildredzr1di
International Journal of Production Research,
2007, 1–22, iFirst
Selection of a reverse logistics project for end-of-life computers: ANP
and goal programing approach
V. RAVIy, RAVI SHANKAR*y and M. K. TIWARIz
yDepartment of Management Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi,
Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India
zDepartment of Manufacturing Engineering, National Institute of Foundry and Forge
Technology, Jharkhand State, Ranchi 834003, India
(Revision received September 2006)
Considering the key issues involved in environmental-friendly disposal of end-
of-life (EOL) computer, its supply chain should be designed to incorporate the
key dimensions of reverse logistics. An important managerial decision-making
activity undertaken by reverse logistics managers is selection of feasible projects
that could be completed according to the resources available. The reverse logistics
project selection is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. While the
experience and expertise of reverse logistics managers could work out for small
sized projects, it might not be fruitful for multiple-criteria large sized reverse
logistics in arriving at a proper decision related to selection of projects. The
reverse logistics projects involve interdependencies among the criteria and the
candidate reverse logistics projects. In this paper, a combination of analytical
network process (ANP) and zero one goal programing (ZOGP) is used as solution
methodologies to deal with the above problem. The ANP is used to determine the
degree of interdependence among the criteria and candidate reverse logistics
projects, while ZOGP permits the consideration of resource limitations and other
constraints in arriving at the solution. The hybrid approach using ANP and
ZOGP provides a realistic representation of the problem related to the selection
of feasible reverse logistics for EOL computers.
Keywords: Reverse logistics; Analytical network process; Zero-one goal
programming; Multi-criteria decision-making; Computer hardware industry
1. Introduction
The computer industry is growing at an exponential rate with new technologies and
upgrades reaching the market in a very short span of time. Accordingly, as the
technology changes and improves, the products become technically obsolete
(Grenchus et al. 2001). Some 500 million computers will be rendered obsolete by
2007 in the USA alone (Hamilton 2001). The product life cycle of computers has
drastically reduced and the useful life of a personal computer is now in the sub-three
year range (Greene 2000, Pescovitz 2000). Thus, shrinking of the useful life of
computers has resulted in an ever-increasing amount of end-of-life (EOL) computers
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
International Journal of Production Research
ISSN 0020–7543 print/ISSN 1366–588X online � 2007 Taylor & Francis
http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals
DOI: 10.1080/00207540601115989
being disposed of. While customers have benefited from grea ...
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish Caching
Hetherington
1. 2010 CRC PhD Student Conference
An Investigation into Interoperability of Data Between
Software Packages used to Support the Design, Analysis and
Visualisation of Low Carbon Buildings
Robina Hetherington
R.E.Hetherington@open.ac.uk
Supervisors Robin Laney
Stephen Peake
Department/Institute Computing
Status Fulltime
Probation viva Before
Starting date January 2010
This paper outlines a preliminary study into the interoperability of building design and
energy analysis software packages. It will form part of a larger study into how
software can support the design of interesting and adventurous low carbon buildings.
The work is interdisciplinary and is concerned with design, climate change and
software engineering.
Research Methodology
The study will involve a blend of research methods. Firstly the key literature
surrounding the study will be critically reviewed. A case study will look at the
modelling of built form, with reflection upon the software and processes used. The
model used in the case study will then be used to enable the analysis of data
movement between software packages. Finally conclusions regarding the structures,
hierarchies and relationships between interoperable languages used in the process will
be drawn. This will inform the larger study into how software can support the design
of interesting and adventurous low carbon buildings.
Research questions:
1. What are the types of software used to generate building models and conduct
the analysis of energy performance?
2. What is the process involved in the movement of data from design software to
energy analysis software to enable the prediction of the energy demands of
new buildings?
3. What are the potential limitations of current interoperable languages used to
exchange data and visualise the built form?
Context
Software has an important role in tackling climate change, it is “a critical enabling
technology” [1]. Software tools can be used to support decision making surrounding
climate change in three ways; prediction of the medium to long term effects,
formation and analysis of adaptation strategies and support of mitigation methods.
This work falls into the later category, to reduce the sources of greenhouse gases
through energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources [2].
Climate change is believed to be caused by increased anthropogenic emissions of
green house gases. One of the major greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. In the UK
Page 33 of 125
2. 2010 CRC PhD Student Conference
the Climate Change Act of 2008 has set legally binding targets to reduce the emission
of carbon dioxide by 80% from 1990 levels by 2050 [3]. As buildings account for
almost 50% of UK carbon dioxide emissions the necessary alteration of practices
related to the construction and use of buildings will have a significant role in
achieving these targets [4]. In 2007 the UK Government announced the intention that
all new houses would be carbon neutral by 2016 in the “Building a Greener Future:
policy statement”. This is to be achieved by progressive tightening of Building
Regulations legislation over a number of years [4]. Consultations are currently taking
place on the practicalities of legislating for public sector buildings and all new non-
domestic buildings to be carbon neutral by 2018 and 2019 respectively [5]. The
changes in praxis in the next 20-30 years facing the construction industry caused by
this legislation are profound [6].
Software used in building modelling
Architecture has gone through significant changes since the 1980s when CAD
[Computer Aided Draughting/Design] was introduced. The use of software has
significantly altered working practices and enabled imaginative and inspiring designs,
sometimes using complex geometries only achievable through the use of advanced
modelling and engineering computational techniques. However, the advances in
digital design media have created a complex web of multiple types of software,
interfaces, scripting languages and complex data models [7].
The types of software used by architects can be grouped into three main categories:
CAD software that can be used to generate 2D or 3D visualizations of buildings. This
type of software evolved from engineering and draughting practices, using command
line techniques to input geometries. This software is mainly aimed at imitating paper
based practices, with designs printed to either paper or pdf.
Visualization software, generally used in the early design stages for generating high
quality renderings of the project.
BIM [Building Information Modelling] software has been a significant development
in the last few years. BIM software contains the building geometry and spatial
relationship of building elements in 3D. It can also hold geographic information,
quantities and properties of building components, with each component as an ‘object’
recorded in a backend database. Building models of this type are key to the
calculations now required to support zero carbon designs [8]. Examples of BIM
software are Revit by Autodesk[9], and ArchiCAD by Graphisoft[10] and Bentley
Systems [11]
Energy analysis software
Analysis software is used to perform calculations such as heat loss, solar gains,
lighting, acoustics, etc. This type of analysis is usually carried out by a specialist
engineer, often subsequent to the architectural design. The available tools are thus
aimed at the expert engineer who have explicit knowledge to run and interpret the
results of the simulation. This means that, until recent legislative changes, there was
no need for holistic performance assessment to be integrated into design software
[12].
Calculation of energy consumption requires a model of the proposed building to make
the detailed estimates possible. Examples of expert tools that use models for the
calculation are TRNSYS [13], IES Virtual Environment [14], EnergyPlus [15]. One
tool that supports the architectural design process is Ecotect [16], which has a more
intuitive graphical interface and support to conduct a performance analysis [12].
Page 34 of 125
3. 2010 CRC PhD Student Conference
Energy analysis is one-way iterative process, with geometric meshes and data
transferred from the design package to the various analysis tools. Every design
iteration will (or should) involve a re-run of the environmental analysis tool [17]. The
mesh geometry requires manipulation for this movement into the analysis software
from the modelling environment and data such as material properties needs to be re-
entried, with a significant penalty in time and possible loss or corruption of data
[18][19].
Key research into interoperable languages used in the AEC [Architectural
Engineering and Construction] industry
A number of interoperable languages, relating to building designs, have been
developed since the release of version 1.0 of the XML [eXtensible Markup
Languages] standard in February 1998. They include visualisation schemas mainly
used for as the source for the display of models: X3D[eXtensible 3D], based on
VRML [Virtual Reality Modeling Language], CityGML for the representation of 3D
urban objects and COLLADA [COLLAborative Design Activity]. The ifcXML
[Industry Foundation Classes eXtensible Markup Language] specification, developed
by the IAI [Industrial Alliance for Interoperability], was designed to facilitate the
movement of information from and between BIM software. It was designed in a
“relational” manner, as a result of the BIM database concept. Accordingly there is
concern about the potential file size and complexity of the standard arising from the
XML format and the amount of data it can contain [20] [21]. Also, the seamless
interoperability it is intended to support has proved to be elusive. Take up has been
slow and incomplete with software companies not always supportive [22]. A
language designed specifically for interchange of data between design modelling
environments and energy analysis packages is gbXML [Green Building eXtensible
Markup Language]. In comparison with ifcXML it is considerably simpler and easier
to understand [23]. However, it limitations are evident in the geometric detail
contained in the file which inhibits the transfer back to the design package [17].
Next stage – a case study
This paper has set the case study in context and given the key research in the area of
interoperability in AEC projects. In the next stage a small house will be designed in
Revit and the environmental design analysed in Ecotect to gain experience in using the
tools and enable reflection on the software and procedures involved. ifcXML and
gbXML files will be exported and analysed.
Future work
The software used in this study are all developed by commercial organizations,
typically with an incremental, yearly update. New software, such as Ecotect, is often
brought in from an independent developer. However, open platforms are generally
considered to “promote innovation and diversity more effectively than proprietary
ones” [24]. In the field of climate change, given the profound threat to humanity, a
community approach is seen as potentially a better way forward [25]. Future work
will look at how building design software may evolve to meet the challenge of
designing interesting and beautiful low carbon buildings.
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