This document discusses hemolytic anemia, which is a type of anemia caused by the premature destruction of red blood cells. There are two main types - inherited hemolytic anemia caused by genetic mutations, and acquired hemolytic anemia caused by failure of the immune system. Red blood cells can be destroyed inside blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis) or taken up by the spleen and liver and broken down (extravascular hemolysis). Immune hemolytic anemia occurs when the immune system destroys red blood cells, and can be autoimmune, alloimmune, or drug-induced. Symptoms include fatigue, pale skin, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves blood tests, and treatment options include steroids,

1. Hereditary acquired
anemia
(Hemolytic anemia)
UNIT III
Hematological diseases
BY. BILAL JAMADAR

2. Hemolytic ANEMIA
 Hemolytic anemia is anemia due to rise in the rate of red
cell destruction in blood stream
 Two factors can causes the body to destroy its red blood
cells
A. Inherited : due to mutated genes from parents.
B. Acquired : condition develops later due to failure of
immune system

3. DESTUCTION OF REED BLOOD CELLS
 Destruction of red cells occurs by two mechanism :-
 A .Red cells undergoes lysis in the circulation and release
their contents into plasma (INTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS)
 B .Red cells are taken up by cells of the
RE (Reticuloendothelial system) where they
are destroyed and digested (Extravascular Hemolysis)
Extravascular Heamolysis is more common

4. TYPES OF HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
 A. Immune hemolytic anemia: In this the immume system destroyes red
blood cells
 Immune hemolytic anemia has three types
1.AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA: In this condition, immune system makes
antibodies that attack red blood cells.
2.ALLOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA: This type of hemolytic anemia occurs if
body makes antibodies against red blood cells that get from wrong blood
transfusion
3.DRUG-INDUCED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA: Certain medication alter normal
function of immune system to make it think the body's own red blood cell
are dangerous

5.  B. Non immune hemolytic anemia: It occurs due to non-
immunological reasons such as microbial infection, mechanical trauma
,antiviral agents ,toxins , acute viral hepatitis.
Immune hemolytic anemia
Autoimmune Alloimmune Drugs
warm cold
Hemolytic
Transfusion
reation
Hemolytic
Disease of
The newborn
TYPES OF IMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

6. CAUSES
 Chemicals,drugs and toxins
 Infections
 Wrong blood group transfusion
 Cancers
 Complication of another disease
 Past blood transfusion
 Pregnancy

7. Symptoms
 Felling weak or tired more
 Headaches
 Problems concentrating or thinking
 Lightheadedness when you stand up
 Pale skin colour
 Shortness of breath
 Sore toung

8. DIAGNOSIS
 Absolute reticulocyte count
 Direct or indirect coombs test
 Hemoglobin in the urine
 RBCs, Hemoglobin,Hematocrit
 Serum free hemoglobin
 Platelet count
 Free hemoglobin in serum or urine

9. TREATMENT
 The first treatment is steroid medicines (prednisone)
 The second is treatment with intravenous immunoglobin (IVIG)
 Removal of spleen (splenectomy)
 Blood transfusions are given with caution
 Drugs like Cytoxan , Imuran , Rituxan are also used

10. PREVENTION
 Screening for antibodies in donated blood and in the recipient may
prevent hemolytic anemia related to blood transfusion

11. REFERANCE
 DR.C.M.JANGME,R.D.WDULAR,SHIVKUMAR S.LADDE,DR.B.N.POUL,
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, FEBRURY 2019, SHIVAJI NAGARJ.M.ROAD PUNE,
3rd EDITION ,NIRALI PUBLICATION,PAGE NO.7.10,11,12,13.