Hereditary acquired 17.6.22.pptx
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This document discusses hemolytic anemia, which is a type of anemia caused by the premature destruction of red blood cells. There are two main types - inherited hemolytic anemia caused by genetic mutations, and acquired hemolytic anemia caused by failure of the immune system. Red blood cells can be destroyed inside blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis) or taken up by the spleen and liver and broken down (extravascular hemolysis). Immune hemolytic anemia occurs when the immune system destroys red blood cells, and can be autoimmune, alloimmune, or drug-induced. Symptoms include fatigue, pale skin, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves blood tests, and treatment options include steroids,
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Hemolytic anemia is a condition where red blood cells are destroyed and removed from circulation prematurely. There are many causes of hemolytic anemia including inherited disorders like sickle cell anemia and enzyme deficiencies, immune mediated destruction of red blood cells, infections, toxins and mechanical trauma. Hemolytic anemias can be classified based on location of hemolysis (intravascular or extravascular), source of defect (intracorpuscular or extracorpuscular), and mode of onset (hereditary or acquired). Common symptoms include paleness, fatigue, fever and signs of hemoglobin in urine, blood or stool.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
This document discusses autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). It begins by defining hemolytic anemia and classifying it as either congenital/hereditary or acquired. It then discusses the classification of hemolytic anemias as either intracorpuscular or extracorpuscular. The mechanisms, clinical features, laboratory findings, and treatments of warm AIHA and cold AIHA are described in detail. Warm AIHA is mediated by IgG antibodies and most commonly involves the Rh blood group antigen. Cold AIHA involves IgM antibodies reactive below 37°C and usually targets the I antigen. Corticosteroids are first-line treatment for warm AIHA while cold AIHA may be associated with underlying infections or malignancies.
ACQUIRED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA.ppt
This document discusses various types of acquired hemolytic anemias, including immune and non-immune causes. It covers autoimmune hemolytic anemia, distinguishing between warm and cold types. It also discusses alloimmune hemolytic anemias like hemolytic disease of the newborn. Non-immune causes discussed include red cell fragmentation syndromes, infections, chemicals/physical agents, and acquired membrane disorders. Aplastic anemia is also summarized, covering etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and differential diagnosis.
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia is caused by abnormalities of the immune system where antibodies attack a person's own red blood cells. There are two main types: warm antibody haemolytic anaemia, which is the most common type, and cold agglutinin disease. Warm antibody haemolytic anaemia can be primary or secondary to other conditions and causes haemolysis mainly in the spleen. Cold agglutinin disease is caused by antibodies that react at low temperatures and causes haemolysis in the liver and spleen. Symptoms are due to anaemia and may include fatigue, jaundice, and dark urine. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing anaemia and antibodies on the direct antiglobulin test. Treatment depends on the severity but may include
Hematology (1) The blood and bone marrow, abnormal blood count, anemias: an o...
This document provides an overview of a hematology course taught by Dr. Ahmed Elshebiny. The course covers various topics in clinical hematology including the blood and bone marrow, abnormal blood counts, anemia, and other hematological disorders and diseases. It discusses approaches to classifying anemias and examines various blood cell parameters and abnormalities that can be observed in a blood film. Common causes of abnormalities in red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, reticulocytes and other values are outlined. References for further learning are also provided.
Blood Diseases.ppt
The document provides information on several common blood disorders including an overview of blood typing and related antibodies, standard blood tests, components of blood, and details on specific disorders such as anemia, hemophilia, thrombocytopenia, hemochromatosis, Hodgkin's disease, leukemia, and acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia.
Presentation on Anaemia decreasing in Hb.pptx
This document summarizes a seminar on different types of anemia. It begins with an introduction to anemia and classifications of anemia. It then covers specific types of anemia in more detail through various presentations, including hemorrhagic anemia, hemolytic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia, aplastic anemia, and anemia of chronic disease. It concludes by thanking the student presenters.
28340696 hypersensitivity
This document discusses different types of hypersensitivity reactions. Type II hypersensitivity involves autoantibodies that stimulate host target cell receptors, causing issues like autoimmune hemolytic anemia or Graves' disease. Type III hypersensitivity involves immune complex deposition that can cause conditions like Raynaud's phenomenon or membranous glomerulonephritis. Type IV delayed hypersensitivity involves T cell-mediated responses to environmental antigens, commonly causing contact dermatitis.
Extracorpuscular hemolytic anemia
This document provides an overview of approaches to diagnosing and classifying extracorpuscular hemolytic anemia. It discusses that hemolytic anemia can be immune-mediated or non-immune, and describes approaches to determining the etiology, including evaluating for autoimmune causes through tests like the direct antiglobulin test or determining underlying alloantibodies. Clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of hemolytic anemia are also summarized.
HEM_ANEMIA_1.ppt
This document discusses hemolytic anemia, which is a condition characterized by the premature destruction of red blood cells in the circulation. It defines hemolytic anemia as a reduced red blood cell lifespan. Some key points covered include:
- Causes of hemolytic anemia include genetic disorders like sickle cell anemia and thalassemia as well as acquired conditions like autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
- Signs and symptoms include fatigue, jaundice, and dark urine due to the breakdown of hemoglobin. Laboratory findings provide diagnostic clues like elevated bilirubin, reticulocytes, and lactate dehydrogenase.
- Different types of anemia are classified based on whether hemolysis
Anemiahemol
This document discusses hemolytic anemias, which are classified based on whether there is a red blood cell abnormality or an extracorpuscular factor causing hemolysis. Specific types covered include hereditary spherocytosis, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, sickle cell anemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and hereditary microspherocytosis. The mechanisms, clinical features, laboratory findings, diagnosis, and treatment are described for several of these hemolytic anemia subtypes.
Lab investigations in OMFS- ih
This document discusses various laboratory investigations used in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS). It describes hematological tests including complete blood count, red blood cell indices, platelet count, and bleeding time. It outlines normal ranges and clinical implications of increased or decreased results for hematological parameters. These laboratory tests provide important information to establish medical diagnoses and guide patient management in OMFS.
Auto immune disease
This document presents information about autoimmune diseases from MD. Zahirul Islam. It defines autoimmune disease as a condition where the body produces antibodies that attack its own tissues, leading to damage. It provides examples of common autoimmune diseases like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes. The document notes there are two main types - systemic disorders involving non-specific autoantibodies and local disorders targeting specific tissues. It discusses the most common organs and tissues affected by autoimmune diseases and describes methods of diagnosis and treatment options for some conditions.
Haemolytic anaemia
This document defines and classifies haemolytic anaemia. It describes acquired haemolytic anaemia, which can be immune or non-immune. Immune haemolytic anaemia is further divided into autoimmune, alloimmune, and drug-induced types. Warm and cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemias are explained in detail, including their causes, clinical features, laboratory findings, and treatments. Other types of non-immune haemolytic anaemias such as paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, red cell fragmentation syndromes, and traumatic cardiac haemolytic anaemia are also summarized.
Anaemia classification .pdf
This document provides an overview of anemia, including its classification and causes. It discusses impaired red blood cell production, excessive destruction of RBCs, and blood loss as the main etiologic classifications. The morphologic classifications are macrocytic, microcytic hypochromic, and normochromic normocytic anemia. Causes of impaired RBC production include bone marrow abnormalities and deficiencies in essential factors or stimulation factors. Excessive destruction can be due to intracorpuscular or extracorpuscular defects. Blood loss can be acute or chronic. Specific causes are discussed under each classification.
Alloimmune hemolytic anemia
The document discusses alloimmune hemolytic anemia, which occurs when antibodies develop against red blood cells from transfusions, pregnancy, or certain drugs. It can be classified as occurring from transfusion, maternal alloimmunization during pregnancy, or drug induced alloimmunization. Clinical presentations include delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions or refractoriness to platelet transfusions. Laboratory tests identify alloantibodies and evaluate the degree of hemolysis. Management involves identifying the cause and transfusing antigen-negative blood, or using alternatives to platelet transfusions for refractory patients.
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Hereditary acquired 17.6.22.pptx
- 1. Hereditary acquired anemia (Hemolytic anemia) UNIT III Hematological diseases BY. BILAL JAMADAR
- 2. Hemolytic ANEMIA Hemolytic anemia is anemia due to rise in the rate of red cell destruction in blood stream Two factors can causes the body to destroy its red blood cells A. Inherited : due to mutated genes from parents. B. Acquired : condition develops later due to failure of immune system
- 3. DESTUCTION OF REED BLOOD CELLS Destruction of red cells occurs by two mechanism :- A .Red cells undergoes lysis in the circulation and release their contents into plasma (INTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS) B .Red cells are taken up by cells of the RE (Reticuloendothelial system) where they are destroyed and digested (Extravascular Hemolysis) Extravascular Heamolysis is more common
- 4. TYPES OF HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA A. Immune hemolytic anemia: In this the immume system destroyes red blood cells Immune hemolytic anemia has three types 1.AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA: In this condition, immune system makes antibodies that attack red blood cells. 2.ALLOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA: This type of hemolytic anemia occurs if body makes antibodies against red blood cells that get from wrong blood transfusion 3.DRUG-INDUCED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA: Certain medication alter normal function of immune system to make it think the body's own red blood cell are dangerous
- 5. B. Non immune hemolytic anemia: It occurs due to non- immunological reasons such as microbial infection, mechanical trauma ,antiviral agents ,toxins , acute viral hepatitis. Immune hemolytic anemia Autoimmune Alloimmune Drugs warm cold Hemolytic Transfusion reation Hemolytic Disease of The newborn TYPES OF IMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
- 6. CAUSES Chemicals,drugs and toxins Infections Wrong blood group transfusion Cancers Complication of another disease Past blood transfusion Pregnancy
- 7. Symptoms Felling weak or tired more Headaches Problems concentrating or thinking Lightheadedness when you stand up Pale skin colour Shortness of breath Sore toung
- 8. DIAGNOSIS Absolute reticulocyte count Direct or indirect coombs test Hemoglobin in the urine RBCs, Hemoglobin,Hematocrit Serum free hemoglobin Platelet count Free hemoglobin in serum or urine
- 9. TREATMENT The first treatment is steroid medicines (prednisone) The second is treatment with intravenous immunoglobin (IVIG) Removal of spleen (splenectomy) Blood transfusions are given with caution Drugs like Cytoxan , Imuran , Rituxan are also used
- 10. PREVENTION Screening for antibodies in donated blood and in the recipient may prevent hemolytic anemia related to blood transfusion
- 11. REFERANCE DR.C.M.JANGME,R.D.WDULAR,SHIVKUMAR S.LADDE,DR.B.N.POUL, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, FEBRURY 2019, SHIVAJI NAGARJ.M.ROAD PUNE, 3rd EDITION ,NIRALI PUBLICATION,PAGE NO.7.10,11,12,13.