Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that is commonly caused by viral infections. There are 5 main types of viral hepatitis: A, B, C, D, and E. Hepatitis A virus is transmitted primarily through the fecal-oral route by ingesting contaminated food or water. It does not cause chronic liver disease. Risk factors for hepatitis A infection include poor sanitation, lack of safe drinking water, living in overcrowded conditions, and exposure to an infected person. Hepatitis A is prevalent in areas with underdeveloped sanitation infrastructure and causes debilitating symptoms but is rarely fatal.

1. Hepatitis
By Ajit kumar
Nsg Tutor
PIMF

2. Definition :
• Hepatitis is a Warren section of the liver associated with broad
spectrum of non symptom producing infection through icteric
hepatitis to hepatic necrosis.
• Viral hepatitis is a systemic viral infection in which necrosis and
inflammation of Liver cells produce a characteristics cluster of clinical
biochemical and cellular changes there are 5 definitive types of viral
hepatitis have been identified hepatitis A, B, C, D and E hepatitis A
and E are similar in mode of Transmission whereas hepatitis B, C and
D share many characteristics.

3. Pathophysiology :
• Due to etiological factor
• necrosis and inflammation of hepatic cells
• decrease liver function
• circulating immune Complex and complement system activation
• impaired Billirubin level metabolism and obstruction of bile flow
• Viral hepatitis Or Information that spread to the liver can be caused
by infection by viruses and toxication to drug and Chemicals

4. • Along with the development of inflammation of the liver , the normal
pattern in the hepatic impaired.
• Disruption of the normal blood supply to the cells causes hepatic
necrosis and damage to the liver cells.
• Inflammation of the liver due to viral invasion would lead to an
increase in multimparature and straching the liver capsule which lead
to feeling of this comfort in the upper right abdominal quadrant this
is manifested by the presence of nausea and pain in the gut.

5. • One set of Jaundice because of the liver parenchyma cell damage.

6. Types :
• Type A :
It is caused by RNA virus of the Enterovirus family. Hepatitis A is a liver
disease caused by hepatitis A virus the virus has primarily spread when
an uninfected and unvascinated person ingested food or water that is
contaminated with the feces of an infected person the diseases is
closely associated with a lack of safe water inadequate sanitation and
poor personal hygiene. Unlike Hepatitis B and C.
Hepatitis A infection does not cause chronic liver disease and is really
fatal but it can cause debilitating symptom and fullminant hepatitis
which is associated with high mortality.

7. Mode of Transmission
• This is primary feco oral route usually through ingestion of food or
liquid contamination with virus.
• The virus has been found in the stool of infected patient
• Children acquire the infection at a school by poor hygiene and mouth
contact.

8. Risk factor :
• And overcrowding and poor sanitation and infected food handler.
• Poor sanitation
• lack of safe water
• Injection drug
• Living in a household with an infected person.
• Being a sexual partner of sumeone with acute hepatitis A infection.
• Travelling to areas of high. indemicity without being immunized

9. Etilogy :
• PrevallentIn under developed country or over crowding and poor
sanitation
• Infected food handler
• People can contact it by consuming water or shellfish from
contaminated water.
• Commonly spread by person to person and rarely by blood
transfusion