case presentation on diagnosis of beta thalassemia majorDrShinyKajal
case history of 9 month old infant
Paediatric Clinical Approach to this case
examination
workup at blood centre
HPLC screening
laboratory findings
screening of father mother
prominent facial features
PBF and bone marrow findings
usg abdomen
xray skull
prbc transfusion therapy in thalassemia major
classification of thalassemia
national burden in india
pathogenesis- anemia skull bone iron overload
world thalassemia day
case presentation on diagnosis of beta thalassemia majorDrShinyKajal
case history of 9 month old infant
Paediatric Clinical Approach to this case
examination
workup at blood centre
HPLC screening
laboratory findings
screening of father mother
prominent facial features
PBF and bone marrow findings
usg abdomen
xray skull
prbc transfusion therapy in thalassemia major
classification of thalassemia
national burden in india
pathogenesis- anemia skull bone iron overload
world thalassemia day
Interactive talk on common hematological and oncological emergencies - which if not noticed early can lead to irreversible complications and death .
Intended to be used for educational purposes for the fertile minds in medicine .
A presentation made about Sickle cell disease by Yara Mostafa, Yasser Osama, Yaser Mostafa ,Ain shams university, Medicine faculty, first year students.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Interactive talk on common hematological and oncological emergencies - which if not noticed early can lead to irreversible complications and death .
Intended to be used for educational purposes for the fertile minds in medicine .
A presentation made about Sickle cell disease by Yara Mostafa, Yasser Osama, Yaser Mostafa ,Ain shams university, Medicine faculty, first year students.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
2. Definition
• HA -
1. increased destruction of red blood cells (RBCs).
2. normal bone marrow response to anemia( upto 6-8 times
of normal production )
Extravascular or intravascular mechanisms
Congenital (Inherired ) or Acquired RBC abnormalities
7. Extravascular hemolysis
• Reticuloendothelial system (RES) of the spleen and liver.
• Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), sickle cell
disease (SCD), and hereditary spherocytosis
• The hallmark of extravascular hemolysis is phagocytosis
of erythrocytes by splenic macrophages or hepatic
Kupffer cells, followed by sequestration and removal.
8. Intravascular hemolysis
Damage incurred by the RBC membrane directly within
the vasculature due to shear stress, toxins, or
complement-mediated lysis.
Mechanical valve-induced hemolysis, Shiga toxin-
associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and cold
agglutinin disease.
13. Lab
Increased destruction of RBC Compensatory increased erythropoiesis
Fall in Hb Blood-polychromasia or reticulocytosis
Macrocytosis
High nRBC
High Bilirubin Bone marrow – erythroid hyperplasia
High erythrocyte iron turn over
High urinary urobilinogen
High LDH
Reduced haptoglobin and hemopexin
Reduced Glycosylated hemoglobin
Low RBC life span ( radioisotope Cr)
29. Thalassemia
• Globin gene defect
• Alpha or Beta
• Symptoms after 6 months of age, but as late as 5 yrs
• Failure to thrive
• Peripheral smear –
• Spectrum – trait, intermedia , major
• HPLC- elevated Hb F
• Elevated Hb A2 in trait
53. • 1. A 3-year-old boy was diagnosed with autoimmune hemolytic anemia due to a warm
antibody. The child rapidly responded to corticosteroids within 1 week. However, any
attempt to decrease the prednisone dose below 0.5 mg/kg per day resulted in a recurrence
of hemolysis during the ensuing 8 weeks. His current hemoglobin is 8.5 g/dL (85 g/L).
Which of the following is the most appropriate next therapeutic step?
A. Continue the full dose of prednisone for 4 weeks.
B. Exchange transfusion.
C. Packed red blood cell transfusion.
D. Rituximab administration.
E. Splenectomy.
54. • 2. A 10-month-old girl with known homozygous sickle cell anemia (SS disease) presents to
your office with a history of a temperature of 40.1°C (104.2°F) at home. Before coming to
the office, her parents gave her acetaminophen. Upon arrival at your office 40 minutes
later, her temperature is down to 38.6°C (101.5°F). The girl has nasal congestion but no
cough and is comfortable without distress. Which of the following is the most appropriate
next step in management?
A. Ensure the parents are giving the prophylactic penicillin and send her home.
B. Have the family watch her at home and return if there is clinical worsening.
C. Observe her in the office for 4 hours and send her home if she looks well.
D. Obtain a complete blood cell count, hemoglobin, reticulocyte count, and blood
culture and give intravenous antibiotics.
E. Obtain a complete blood cell count and blood culture and send the child home if
the former is at baseline.
55. • 3. A 7-year-old boy with sickle cell anemia (SS) undergoes his annual transcranial Doppler
ultrasonography study and is found to have a cerebral arterial flow velocity of 205 cm/
second. The study is repeated and the result confirmed. His physical examination yields
normal results, and he has no history suggestive of neurologic complications. He has one
full sibling who also has sickle cell disease and one half-sibling. The most appropriate next
step in management is to:
A. Initiate a chronic transfusion program.
B. Order cerebral magnetic resonance imaging.
C. Perform a hematopoietic stem cell transplant.
D. Prescribe sumatriptan.
E. Wait 6 months and repeat the transcranial Doppler ultrasonography study.
56. • 4. You are examining a 4-year-old who recently emigrated from Burma for the first time in
your practice. Physical examination results are normal. A complete blood cell count is
normal except for a hemoglobin of 9.5 g/dL (95 g/L) and mean corpuscular volume of
59 mm3 (59 fL) with a normal red cell distribution width of 13.3%. Results of iron studies are
normal. Hemoglobin electrophoresis reveals an elevated hemoglobin A2 of 4.9%. Which of
the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. a-Thalassemia trait.
B. b-Thalassemia trait.
C. Hemoglobin E trait.
D. Homozygous hemoglobin E disease.
E. Early iron deficiency anemia.
57. • 5. An 11-year-old boy was well until 48 hours ago, when he developed fever, nasal
• congestion, and mild bilateral cervical adenopathy. Twenty-four hours later, he developed
• fatigue, jaundice, and very dark urine. Complete blood cell count reveals hemoglobin of 6.1
• g/dL (61 g/L), mean corpuscular volume of 83 mm3 (83 fL), and mean corpuscular
• Vol. 37 No. 6 JUNE 2016 245
• Downloaded from http://pedsinreview.aappublications.org/ by guest on June 3, 2016
• hemoglobin concentration of 32 g/dL (320 g/L). Reticulocyte count is more than twice
• normal at 250 _x0002_ 103/mL (250 _x0002_ 109
• /L). Other results include an unconjugated bilirubin of
• 4.1 mg/dL (70.1 mmol/L) and conjugated bilirubin of 0.54 mg/dL (9.2 mmol/L). Lactate
• dehydrogenase is elevated to 550 U/L (9.2 mkat/L). Peripheral blood smear reveals
• polychromasia without spherocytes or fragmented erythrocytes. Hemoglobin
• electrophoresis results are normal. Direct antiglobulin test is normal. The most likely
• diagnosis is:
• A. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
• B. E b-thalassemia.
• C. Hemoglobin glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
• D. Hereditary spherocytosis.
• E. Sickle cell (SS) disease.
