Hell Buddhism Japan and China
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The document discusses representations of hell in Japanese and Chinese Buddhism through various artworks including scrolls, woodblock prints, and sculptures. It describes imagery from hell scenes such as the overall hell environment, depictions of people in hell, and keepers of hell. The Wheel of Rebirth and its six paths including heavenly, titan, human, animal, hungry ghost, and hell realms are mentioned. Specific hells and their torturous punishments are named and images shown. The document explores how depictions of hell were standardized and their purposes, suggesting audiences included the living to encourage good behavior.
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(page 303)
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(page 339)
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Ancient Art Art Appreciation IP2Name.docx
Ancient Art
Art Appreciation IP2
Name
Class
Date
Professor
Art Appreciation IP2
Part One
· Ancient Art piece one: Mahakala, Date: (1100 to 1001bc) New York Museum of Art
· Ancient art piece two: Seated Scribe Ancient Egyptian art (2620–2500 BC) Louvre
Part Two
Mahakala is an ancient statue from India created in the Pala period during the 11th Century BC. The statue is three dimensional and was carved out of black stone. The statue represents a manifestation of the Buddhist God Shiva Bhairava. The statue is carved entirely in black stone giving it a black color. The status is carved with the most intricate detail. Mahakala sits on a lotus cushion with a smaller lotus cushion supporting his left foot. He is covered with decoration designed to show his importance. The statue has four hands with one hand holding a sword, another hand holding a trident, and in the third a skull cap. The last hand is missing but should have wielded flaying knife.
The statue displays a deity with great wealth and power. Mahakala has a crown on his head that is radiating flames and is covered with little skulls. A rope covered in skulls is wrapped around his waist and jewels around his wrists and ankles. The deity is also adorned by the traditional piercings with chins running from his nose to his belly button and on his left foot a snake is wrapped around his ankle. Mahakala wears armband on his upper arms made of snakes with snake heads reaching up towards his face.
It is clear the statue is a God because he has worshippers on both sides of his head and at his fee worshipping him, displaying deference, and making an offering. The art is a religious symbol and a representative of the God Shiva from the Buddhist religion. When the art was created in the 11th Century it was created as a symbol of the wrathful manifestation of the God worshipped by Buddhists. The statue represents the protector of Dharma. He is a wrathful God deity but he has an important job in stopping followers from becoming corrupt or impure.
The art was created in honor of Mahakala to show respect and deference. By creating the religious symbol the Buddhist followers can worship the deity and be used as a reminder never to become impure in their actions and in their thoughts. Religious symbols are an important part of many religious ceremonies especially to Buddhist religion. Mahakala is a traditional and ritual part of the religious beliefs of the Buddhist. This representation is an important image in the Buddhist faith.
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Religion in Japan incorporates elements of Shintoism, Buddhism, and folk traditions in a syncretic way. Shintoism is Japan's indigenous religion focused on worshipping kami or spirits, and dates back to prehistoric times. Buddhism first arrived in the 6th century and the largest form is Mahayana Buddhism. While about 70% of Japanese claim no religious affiliation, Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples remain important community institutions. In modern times, religion has become less central to everyday life especially in urban areas, though traditions are still commonly observed.
Buddhism
Buddhism originated from the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, in ancient India. The core beliefs of Buddhism are the Four Noble Truths about suffering and its cessation, and the Eightfold Path to end suffering. Buddhists seek enlightenment and liberation from suffering by following the Eightfold Path of right understanding, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration. The ultimate goal is to achieve Nirvana, escaping the cycle of rebirth and suffering.
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This document provides an overview of the rise of Buddhism and Jainism in India in response to issues with the vedic religion at the time. It summarizes the key teachings and philosophies of both Buddhism founded by Gautama Buddha and Jainism founded by Mahavira. Buddhism emphasized escaping suffering through following the four noble truths and eightfold path while Jainism focused on non-violence, belief in the soul, karma/rebirth, and achieving salvation through strict adherence to ascetic practices and the five main vows. Both religions rejected the rigid Hindu caste system and promoted social equality.
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Siddhartha Gautama, born a prince in 563 BC, was dissatisfied with teachings of Brahmin priests and sought wisdom on his own. After seeing an old man, sick man, and dead man outside the palace walls, he realized life was full of suffering and left his family to become a homeless wanderer. While meditating under a tree, Gautama gained enlightenment and became known as Buddha. He taught that suffering stems from desires, and the Eightfold Path can help end desires and attain nirvana to escape suffering. Buddhism eliminated the Hindu caste system and focused on kindness to all living things.
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Japan is an island country in East Asia with over 126 million people. The major languages are Japanese and English. The predominant religions are Shintoism and Buddhism. Japan has the third largest economy in the world and is known for manufacturing vehicles, electronics, and other technology. The climate varies regionally but is generally temperate with four distinct seasons. Historically, Japan was ruled by shoguns and samurai before modernizing into an industrial power in the late 19th century. Some of Japan's significant cultural aspects include cuisine like sushi, green tea, and sake rice wine. Tourism offers views of traditional and modern aspects of Japanese society.
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The document provides an overview of major religions in Asia, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Zoroastrianism, Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism, Zen Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, Shinto, Shamanism, and Animism. It discusses the origins, founders, sacred texts, deities, beliefs, and practices of each religion.
Japan Ppt
Japan is an archipelago located in East Asia. It has over 127 million people living on islands that are mountainous with little arable land. Japan has experienced significant cultural influence from China, adopting Chinese writing and Confucian ideals. For over 200 years starting in the 1600s, Japan had a feudal system and isolated itself from other nations. In the 1800s, the US forced Japan to open trade, starting a period of modernization and westernization that transformed Japan into an industrial and military power. During WWII, Japan invaded other Asian countries but was ultimately defeated by the US's atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. Today Japan has a strong economy and culture that blends traditional and modern
RELIGION
The document provides an overview of cultural geography of religion. It defines religion and discusses major world religions including their origins, divisions, and basic precepts. The major universalizing religions covered are Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism. The major ethnic religions discussed are Hinduism and Judaism. Other ethnic Asian religions of Confucianism, Daoism, and Shintoism are also briefly mentioned.
Japanese and chinese traditions
The document discusses several traditional Japanese and Chinese cultural practices. It describes the Japanese tea ceremony which originated in China and focuses on harmony, respect, and purity. It also outlines Japanese theatrical forms like Noh drama and Kabuki, New Year celebrations involving cleaning and decorating with pine, and traditional clothing like kimonos and yukatas. Sumo wrestling and its religious origins are also discussed. For China, it mentions tea as a necessity and the tea ceremony's emphasis on nature, humility and peace. Chinese weddings, chopsticks, the New Year dragon dance, and gift wrapping traditions are briefly outlined.
2015 Upload Campaigns Calendar - SlideShare
Each month, join us as we highlight and discuss hot topics ranging from the future of higher education to wearable technology, best productivity hacks and secrets to hiring top talent. Upload your SlideShares, and share your expertise with the world!
What to Upload to SlideShare
Not sure what to share on SlideShare?
SlideShares that inform, inspire and educate attract the most views. Beyond that, ideas for what you can upload are limitless. We’ve selected a few popular examples to get your creative juices flowing.
Getting Started With SlideShare
SlideShare is a global platform for sharing presentations, infographics, videos and documents. It has over 18 million pieces of professional content uploaded by experts like Eric Schmidt and Guy Kawasaki. The document provides tips for setting up an account on SlideShare, uploading content, optimizing it for searchability, and sharing it on social media to build an audience and reputation as a subject matter expert.
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Similar to Hell Buddhism Japan and China
Japan
Early Japanese art was heavily influenced by Zen Buddhism and values of simplicity. Architectural styles featured wood construction, raised floors, and spare gardens. Painting genres included scrolls, screens and ukiyo-e woodblock prints depicting everyday life. Later, the tea ceremony rose in popularity and Rimpa painting incorporated craft elements. Ukiyo-e prints gained fame in Europe. Modern architecture reflects changing times while sculpture explores new forms.
Classic Japanese Visual Culture
This document provides an overview of the history of Japanese visual culture from ancient times to the modern era. It begins with stone age pottery and clay figures from 1000-400 BC during the Jomon period. After the introduction of Buddhism from China in the 6th century AD, Japanese sculpture flourished during the Nara and Heian periods. Painting evolved from religious murals and scrolls to early manga-style cartoon works in the 12th century Heian period. The Kamakura period saw further realism in sculpture. Unique aesthetics like wabi-sabi and rock gardens developed in the Muromachi period. Landscape painting styles emerged during this time as well. The Edo period was marked by national isolation
Classic Japanese Visual Culture
Japanese visual materials from stone age, Kofun, Nara, Heian, all the way to Edo, up until the end of isolated period.
Shinto art
Shinto art includes illustrations of Shinto legends from the 13th century, mandalas from early 14th century shrines depicting deities, and hanging scrolls from the 13th century depicting shrines. Sculptures from the 11th century include gilt bronze figures. Architecture features the grand shrine of Sumiyoshi from Osaka and the Ise shrine complex in southern Honshu known for its biannual rebuilding ritual.
Part 1 - WorshipReligion Exhibition(page 303)1. Chapter 9.docx
Part 1 - Worship/Religion Exhibition
(page 303)
1. Chapter 9 – Art of South and Southeast Asia before 1200
2. Standing Buddha
3. Gandhara, Pakistan. During the Kushan period
4. Gandhara Style
5. During the third century CE
6. Located in Lahore Museum, Lahore
7. It is carved from schist, a fine-grained dark stone. The body of the Buddha is revealed through the garment. It is broad and massive, with heavy shoulders and limbs a well-defined torso. His left knee bends gently, suggesting a slightly relaxed posture. The robe is especially characteristic of the Gandhara manner.
(page 339)
1. Chapter 10 – Chinese and Korean Art before 1279
2. Altar to Amitabha Buddha
3. During the Sui Dynasty
4. Bronze style, height 30 1/8 (76.5 cm)
5. Located in Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
6. Gifted by Mrs. W. Scott Fitz and Edward Holmes Jackson in memory of his mother Mrs. W. Scott Fitz.
7. The altar that Amitabha is seating on show him in his paradise, seated on a lotus throne beneath a canopy of trees. Each leaf cluster is set with jewels. Seven celestial figures sit on the topmost clusters, and ropes of “pearls” hang from the tree trunks. Behind Amitabha’s head is a halo of flames. To his left, the bodhisattva Guanyin holds a pomegranate; to his right, another bodhisattva clasps his hands in prayer. Behind are four disciples who first preached the teachings of the Buddha. On the lower level, an incense burner is flanked by seated lions and two smaller bodhisattvas. Focusing on Amitabha’s benign expression and filled with objects symbolizing his power, the altar combines the sensuality of Indian styles, the schematic abstraction of central Asian art, and the Chinese emphasis on linear grace and rhythm into a harmonious new style.
1. Chapter 11 – Japanese Art before 1333
2. Jocho - Amida Buddha
3. During the Heian period, c. 1053 CE.
4. Gold leaf and lacquer on wood, height 9’8” (2.95)
5. National Treasure
6. When reflected in water of the pond before it, the Amida image seems to shimmer in its private mountain retreat. It was not carved from a single block of wood but from several blocks in Jocho’s new joined-block method of construction. This technique allowed sculptors to create larger and lighter statuary. It also reflects the growing importance of wood as the medium of choice for Buddhist sculpture, reflecting the Japanese love for this natural material. Surrounding the Amida on the walls of the Byodoin are smaller wooden figures of bodhisattvas and angels, some playing musical instruments. Everything about the Byodoin was designed to simulate the appearance of the paradise that awaits the believer after death. It’s remarkable state of preservation after more than 900 years allows visitors to experience the late Heian religious ideal at its most splendid. (page 367)
1. Chapter 12 – Art of the Americas before 1300
2. Moche Portrait Vessel
3. During the Moche culture
4. Peru. c. 100-700 CE.
5. Clay style, height 11” (28 cm)
6. The Moche cultur.
Japanese Art Before 1932
This document provides an overview of Japanese art before 1392, summarizing key developments and examples. It describes the origins of human habitation in Japan dating back 28,000 years and the earliest pottery from 10,000 BCE. Several artworks are highlighted from different periods, including Jomon pottery from 2000 BCE, Dogu statues, Haniwa statues, and the Horyu-ji temple complex from the 7th century depicting Buddhist influences from China. Large temple complexes like Todai-ji from the 8th century and esoteric Buddhist art like mandalas and the Byodo-in temple are also summarized. The document concludes with examples of secular painting and a monk sewing in the 13th century representing
Tokyo National Gallery - A Brief History of Japanese Art
Opened in 1968, the Tokyo National Museum includes an excellent and eclectic collection of non-Japanese Eastern art, in particular Chinese and Korean arts that ranges from textiles to sculpture and ceramics. Because of the vast scope of its exhibits, this slideshow is concentrated only on the development of art in Japan, with emphasis on the development of Japanese paintings. From the pre-historic artefacts, it is evident how little we known about the ancient cultures that existed in Japan before history. It fires our imagination as what kind of cultures that these people left behind. “Between the fourth century and the ninth century, Japan's many kingdoms and tribes gradually came to be unified under a centralized government, nominally controlled by the Emperor.” Wikipedia. This slideshow is a sketch of the major developments in paintings from its beginning in the 11C to early 20C.
Ancient Art Art Appreciation IP2Name.docx
Ancient Art
Art Appreciation IP2
Name
Class
Date
Professor
Art Appreciation IP2
Part One
· Ancient Art piece one: Mahakala, Date: (1100 to 1001bc) New York Museum of Art
· Ancient art piece two: Seated Scribe Ancient Egyptian art (2620–2500 BC) Louvre
Part Two
Mahakala is an ancient statue from India created in the Pala period during the 11th Century BC. The statue is three dimensional and was carved out of black stone. The statue represents a manifestation of the Buddhist God Shiva Bhairava. The statue is carved entirely in black stone giving it a black color. The status is carved with the most intricate detail. Mahakala sits on a lotus cushion with a smaller lotus cushion supporting his left foot. He is covered with decoration designed to show his importance. The statue has four hands with one hand holding a sword, another hand holding a trident, and in the third a skull cap. The last hand is missing but should have wielded flaying knife.
The statue displays a deity with great wealth and power. Mahakala has a crown on his head that is radiating flames and is covered with little skulls. A rope covered in skulls is wrapped around his waist and jewels around his wrists and ankles. The deity is also adorned by the traditional piercings with chins running from his nose to his belly button and on his left foot a snake is wrapped around his ankle. Mahakala wears armband on his upper arms made of snakes with snake heads reaching up towards his face.
It is clear the statue is a God because he has worshippers on both sides of his head and at his fee worshipping him, displaying deference, and making an offering. The art is a religious symbol and a representative of the God Shiva from the Buddhist religion. When the art was created in the 11th Century it was created as a symbol of the wrathful manifestation of the God worshipped by Buddhists. The statue represents the protector of Dharma. He is a wrathful God deity but he has an important job in stopping followers from becoming corrupt or impure.
The art was created in honor of Mahakala to show respect and deference. By creating the religious symbol the Buddhist followers can worship the deity and be used as a reminder never to become impure in their actions and in their thoughts. Religious symbols are an important part of many religious ceremonies especially to Buddhist religion. Mahakala is a traditional and ritual part of the religious beliefs of the Buddhist. This representation is an important image in the Buddhist faith.
The Seated Scribe is an ancient piece of Egyptian art created between 2620–2500 BC. The Seated Scribe depicts a middle age Egyptian man sitting up right with his legs crossed in front of him. The only clothing he wears is a while kilt. The sculpture is 3D and made of limestone and looks incredibly life like. The statue of the Egyptian man has a very alert look around the eyes and every feature of the face and body is finel.
Japanese art
Japanese art has a long history spanning over 30,000 years. Early pottery from the Jomon period dates back to around 10,000 BCE. Major cultural influences came from Korea and China starting in the Yayoi period 400 BCE. Key periods include the Nara period which saw the founding of Japan's first imperial capital in 645 CE and the Heian period when literature became popular. Artistic styles evolved over time, influenced by Buddhism and periods of war. Famous works include Hokusai's 1831 woodblock print "The Great Wave" and calligraphy by the monk Ikkyu expressing his passion for Zen Buddhism. The 607 CE Horyu-ji Buddhist temple is considered the oldest wooden structure in
Shaman Art from Korea
The Gahoe Museum in Seoul houses one of the most comprehensive collections of Korean shaman art in the world. The collection, assembled by founder Yeolsu Yoon, includes shaman paintings, folk art, amulets, books, and relics that provide insight into indigenous Korean culture and spirituality. Shaman paintings often depict deities and spirits that play important roles in shaman rituals and folk beliefs. Yoon's article explores some of the most significant deities represented in the collection, such as the Five Direction Guardians, Seven Star Spirit, Mountain God, Buddha Trinity, military generals, and disease-related spirits. The museum strives to preserve these works of art and educate the public on Korean folk traditions
Japaneseart
The document provides an overview of Japanese art from various historical periods, highlighting influences from Buddhism, Zen philosophy, and Chinese and Western styles. Key developments include Buddhism becoming the dominant religion during the Asuka period, the rise of Zen Buddhism and its emphasis on meditation through daily activities, the popularity of Pure Land Buddhism and its focus on faith alone for salvation, and the Edo period which saw woodblock prints like Hokusai's "The Great Wave" flourish.
Japanese Literature
Japanese literature has a long history dating back to the Yamato/Kofun period in the 3rd-8th centuries CE. Major developments include the introduction of Chinese writing, Buddhism, and Confucianism during this time. The Tale of Genji, written by Murasaki Shikibu in the early 11th century, is considered the world's first novel and provides insights into aristocratic Heian period culture and society. Traditional Japanese genres that developed include haiku poetry, Noh drama, and Kabuki theater. Modern Japanese media like anime and films continue to be influenced by traditional literary and artistic forms.
Japanese art in brief
Japanese art has evolved over centuries, originally influenced by Buddhist art from China. During early periods like Nara and Fujiwara, Buddhist sculptures and paintings became popular. The Fujiwara period saw the development of Yamato-e painting traditions. During Kamakura, sculpture took on realistic details, while the Muromachi period saw the rise of ink paintings influenced by Zen Buddhism. Later periods like Momoyama and Edo saw developments in screen paintings, lacquerware, and ceramics. In more recent centuries, Western styles influenced Japanese art, though traditional forms remain influential as well.
Ritsuo lacquer box
This writing box from 1746 Japan was made by Ogawa Haritsu, better known as Ritsuo, an artist from Edo. The brown lacquered box is in the shape of a bronze temple gong holding votive papers. Inside are a writing stone and water dropper shaped like a gourd. Ritsuo lived during the Tokugawa period and was known for his experimental lacquer designs and techniques like inlaying ceramics. He was hired by the maverick Daimyo of Tsugaru due to the fame and quality of his works.
Art of China and Japan.pptx
This document provides an overview of art in China and Japan. It summarizes that Chinese art dates back 4,000 years and is characterized by paintings capturing nature on scrolls and silk, as well as ceramics and sculptures for religious purposes. Notable examples include the Terracotta Army and hanging scrolls. Japanese art was influenced by Buddhism from China and featured intricate wooden temples and bronze Buddha statues. Woodblock printing became uniquely Japanese, as seen in screen paintings and prints. Famous works show the Golden Pavilion and Hokusai's Great Wave off Kanagawa.
Portrait in perspective
The document discusses the history of portraiture from its earliest known examples over 26,000 years old to modern practices. It notes some of the earliest surviving painted portraits come from Egypt's Fayum district. During ancient Greece and Rome, portraits began to idealize the subject rather than depict realistic likenesses. True portraits reemerged in the late Middle Ages in tombs, manuscripts, and panel paintings. Modern practices include photographic portraiture and self-portraiture. Perspective was developed in the 15th century Renaissance as a system to make drawings appear more realistic and three-dimensional.
9913.pdf
This document discusses the representation of architecture and imaginary spaces in Japanese anime. It begins by noting that architecture is actively developing new methods and concepts, and that architectural animation is succeeding architectural visualization. Japanese anime artists have discovered interesting visions of architecture by incorporating traditional Japanese spirits and imaginary spaces related to them. The document then examines how Shintoism and its kami spirits influenced Japanese architectural structures like temples and shrines. It also discusses the integration of Buddhism into Japanese religious architecture. Finally, it explores how anime portrays various types of imaginary spaces, like those found in schools, hospitals, and landscapes. Anime art is considered an architectural workshop that generates new ideas for architects.
Medieval Gothic Art
Medieval Gothic Art spanned from the early to late periods between the 5th and 15th centuries. It was Christian art that symbolized the dominance of the Catholic church during this era in western civilization. Gothic art is further divided into three ages: early, high, and late Gothic. The primary purpose of Medieval art was to express Christianity, which provided a common bond across Europe. Most art originated in monasteries and churches that were the main patrons.
DALLAS MUSEUM OF ART CRITICAL GALLERY REVIEW Paint.docx
DALLAS MUSEUM OF ART CRITICAL / GALLERY REVIEW
“Painting is a state of being….Painting is self-discovery. Every good artist paints what he is.”
Jackson Pollock (1912-56)
I chose to write Part 1 of the Museum Critical Review about “Portrait and a Dream” by Jackson
Pollock (1953). The contemporary artwork is very large, but not uncommon for Pollock, measuring 58
½ x 134 ¾ inches with oil and enamel on canvas as the medium. The artwork was observed by myself
at the Dallas Museum of Art on October 25, 2014 in the Marguerite and Robert Hoffman Galleries on
the 1st Floor. The image on the right side of the canvas has been interpreted as Jackson Pollock's
self-portrait, perhaps partially obscured by some kind of mask. A similar face appeared in numerous
drawings Pollock created over the years, which many critics have suggested relates to his
experiences with Jungian analysis, a branch of psychiatry that regards some symbols as universally
present in the human subconscious. On the left, an image of a sketchily painted reclining female figure
may embody the "dream" of the painting's title. (1)
“Portrait and a Dream” by Jackson Pollock (1953).
https://www.dma.org/collection/search?location_on_view_exact=marguerite%20and%20robert%20hoffman%20galleries
https://www.dma.org/collection/search?location_on_view_exact=marguerite%20and%20robert%20hoffman%20galleries
In Portrait and a Dream, Pollock experiments with the figure yet retained the freedom of line and
composition he perfected in his abstract work. He said part of this "dream" denoted "the dark side
of the moon". Pollock’s painting is a diptych on a solid white ground. The left-hand side is an
abstract black and white drip painting; the right-hand is a figural self-portrait, attacked with color,
and carefully drawn. This may relate to the historical association of symbolic visual imagery with
Jungian thematic. Analytical psychology, or Jungian psychology, emphasizes the primary importance
of the individual psyche and the personal quest for wholeness. (2) To me, this is very reminiscent of
the Classicism Greek art with it’s since of perfection in the human body. Within the elements of art,
I can visually observe shape, form, value, lines and curves, color, space relating to the background and
foreground, and if you view it closely you can see the artwork has texture from the thick paint on
the canvas. Referring to the principles of art, I observed movement, harmony in the all over lines
style of painting, variety in the use of color, symmetrical balance between the 2 figures on the
canvas, and repetition.
“Me, Sommer Taylor, Being Jackson Pollock”
Like hundreds of artists since the early Renaissance, and probably from even before then, the true
meaning of Jackson Pollock’s paintings is not made apparent for the average art lover because, like
difficult poetry and even Christ’s teachings, it is hidden from the masses behind the colorful and.
Chinese free brush.1 a
This document provides an agenda and overview for a Chinese brush painting class. It introduces the instructor and discusses taking attendance, distributing materials, and reviewing safety procedures. It then provides a brief history of Chinese art dating back 6000 years and examples from different dynasties. The rest of the document outlines the various styles of Chinese painting, important artists, techniques like the six strokes, and principles such as copying masters to perfect skills before creating original works.
Similar to Hell Buddhism Japan and China (20)
Part 1 - WorshipReligion Exhibition(page 303)1. Chapter 9.docx
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Tokyo National Gallery - A Brief History of Japanese Art
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DALLAS MUSEUM OF ART CRITICAL GALLERY REVIEW Paint.docx
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
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Chapter 6
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Hell Buddhism Japan and China
- 1. Hell in Japanese and Chinese Buddhism
- 2. Representations of heaven and hell in Japanese Buddhism
- 3. The Jigoku zoshi “Hell Scrolls”, late 12th c. color on paper – multiple scrolls. Click here for a link to the on-line interactive scroll found within the Nara Museum Click here for a link to the on-line interactive scroll found in the Tokyo National Museum. Hell on earth, late Heian era, Japan
- 4. Consider the following while viewing images from these scrolls: • What is the overall environment of hell? • How are the people in hell depicted? – How does this relate to the way people are depicted in other scrolls we have seen? • Who are the keepers of hell? – Where do you think these images come from? • Do you think depictions of hell are standardized? Why or why not?
- 22. Hell scenes, woodblock print, Japan, 18th c What imagery carries over?
- 23. Hell hanging scroll, Japan, 18th c. ink and color on paper.
- 24. 10 Kings scroll, Dunhuang caves, China, 10th c. ink/color/paper
- 25. Rokudo “The 6 Paths” - 6 types of rebirth 1. Deva [heavenly being] 2. Asura [titan] 3. Human 4. Animal 5. Gaki [hungry ghost] 6. Hell dweller *if you can break free of this cycle, you can reach enlightenment.
- 26. Sculpted image of Wheel of Rebirth, Baodingshan, China, 12th c, stone.
- 27. Baodingshan cave site, Dazu County, Sichuan, China
- 28. Heavens of the Pure Land at Baodingshan, 12th c., China
- 29. New soul being reborn in a lotus within the Pure Land.
- 30. Hell tableau at Baodingshan, late 12th c., China
- 32. King Yama [Jpn. Emma], overseer of all the kings & hells
- 33. Swordtree Hell – with woman in cangue at left and jailer center.
- 34. Hell of the Iron Wheel
- 35. Freezing Hell Hell of Feces and Filth
- 36. Iron Bed Hell [L] and Hell of the Iron Bed [R] Karmic Mirror between the two.
- 38. Hell of Being Cut in Two at the Knees Woodblock print showing judicial punishment of being cut up. China, 18th c.
- 39. Individuals being punished through use of the cangue.
- 40. Hell for those who Sell Alcohol Alcohol Sellers Both images from Great Buddha Bend, Baodingshan.
- 41. Hungry Ghost ‘hell’, lowest level, Hell tableau, Great Buddha Bend, Baodingshan.
- 42. Multiple manifestations of Dizang [Jizo] at Baodingshan L and R: Dizang as monk; Center: Dizang as Bodhisattva
- 43. Jizo bosatsu 14th c., ink/color/silk – British Museum Jizo bosatsu [Dizang bodhisattva], 13th c. gold leaf/wood – Minneapolis Institute of Arts
- 44. The Gaki zoshi, “Hungry Ghosts Scroll”, late 12th c. Ink/color/paper – Tokyo National Museum
- 53. The Gaki zoshi, “Hungry Ghosts Scroll”, late 12th c. Ink/color/paper – Kyoto National Museum
- 60. Urabon-e [Ullambana] - The Buddhist Festival of the Dead
- 62. Meditation on death and decay In looking at the following images, consider who the audience for them was.
- 63. Meditation on death and decay
- 69. Who was the audience for this work?
Editor's Notes
- Click here for a link to the on-line interactive scroll found within the Nara Museum Click here for a link to the on-line interactive scroll found in the Tokyo National Museum.
- Hell of Pus and Blood
- Keepers of hell forcing suffering souls back into the flames of hell.
- River of Blood
- Hell of Excrement
- Hell of Measures
- Hell of the Grinder
- Hell of the Black Sand Cloud
- Hell of Five Prongs
- Hell of Foxes and Wolves
- Horsehead and Oxhead – keepers of hell – force the sinners back into the hell flames.
- Hell of the Black Sand Cloud
- Horsehead and Oxhead welcoming the newly deceased to hell.
- Horsehead and Oxhead welcoming the newly deceased to hell.
- Hell of Being Skinned Alive
- Hell of Being Flayed Alive
- Another image of the Hell of Being Flayed Alive
- Bringing possible escapees back to hell.