Heart of Darkness - Topical/Historical
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Heart of Darkness was inspired by Joseph Conrad's 1890 journey into the Congo, which he found a "vile scramble for loot" that disfigured human conscience. Originally published as a magazine serial in 1899 and as a book in 1902, it deals with issues of colonialism, racism, and class arising from Belgium's brutal rule in the Congo, which led to millions of African deaths. The story reflects Conrad's likely traumatic experiences witnessing the exploitation and horrors of the time.
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• In the Odyssey, the loyal swineherd Eumaeus was the slave of Odysseus, who had been captured by pirates as a youth.
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http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/slaves-in-the-ancient-world-blog-1-were-slaves-the-employees-of-the-ancient-world/
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/slaves-in-ancient-greece-and-rome-blog-2/
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https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/06/lolas-story/524490/
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We learn what it was like:
• To be born and grow up as a slave.
• To be a plantation slave, and a city slave.
• For slaves to be denied the chance to learn how to read and write, and be educated.
• For slaves to sleep without beds, with little food and clothing.
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• For slaves to be continually whipped by overseers, as encouragement.
• For masters to occasionally murder their slaves, without fear of punishment.
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Other incidents in his life include:
• How Frederick Douglass broke Master Covey, the slave breaker.
• How Frederick Douglass learned how to read and write, and eventually become a best-selling author and orator.
• His first impressions of New Bedford, Massachusetts, when he escaped slavery, when he was emancipated.
• Why he despised the cruel Christianity of his slave masters, and how it was very un-Christian.
Our blog on Frederick Douglass: http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/frederick-douglass-tells-us-about-his-life-as-a-slave-in-his-autobiography/
Please support our channel when purchasing these books from Amazon:
Booker T. Washington's Up From Slavery and The Life of Frederick Douglass
https://amzn.to/3ja2ITo
Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, by Frederick Douglass
https://amzn.to/3mtkIKv
Please share with your friends and associates!
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This document defines documentaries and outlines their history from the early 1900s to present day. It notes that documentaries originally served to document aspects of reality on film and have since evolved to use video and digital formats. The document then discusses the development of documentaries over time, from early "actuality" films to the rise of propaganda films and modern popular documentaries released in theaters and on streaming services. It also provides examples of controversial documentaries like Blackfish and Bowling for Columbine. Finally, it defines mockumentaries and rockumentaries as subgenres that parody or chronicle music.
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History of horror
Horror films deal with viewers' nightmares and fears of the unknown, often involving the invasion of evil or supernatural forces into the everyday world. Early horror films featured ghosts, monsters, and other tropes that expressed societal fears through supernatural tales. The genre became increasingly popular from the 1930s-1960s as movie technology advanced and studios produced films featuring iconic characters like Frankenstein and Dracula. Subgenres emerged in subsequent decades focusing on themes like evil children, demonic possession, and graphic gore. Modern horror films continue to explore these tropes with larger budgets and technology that attract wider audiences.
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Slavery in the Bible, Aristotle, Stoic Philosophers, and the Early Church Fat...Reflections on Morality, Philosophy, and History
Throughout the Torah and the Old Testament, Yahweh time and time again reminds the Jewish people, “I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery,” and reminds us that we, too, should be compassionate towards the exile, the slave, the servant, the widow, the orphan, the poor, the sick, anyone who is in need and suffering
Although the Bible and stoicism tolerated slavery as a labor system for the lower classes, they both encouraged society to view both slave and free men as equal before God, and taught that all men should be treated with dignity and respect. The Stoic Philosophers urged greater compassion for slaves. After Roman Empire became a Christian Empire, the teachings of the Church Fathers became more critical of slavery. We also make some comparisons to the system of slavery in the Confederate Deep South before the Civil War. We also speculate on how the Roman slaves transitioned into the serfs of Medieval Europe.
Were slaves the employees of the ancient world? To understand the role of slaves in the ancient world we have a totally distorted picture when we only focus on the moral wrong of owning another person, treating servants like talking draft animals. The other aspect of slavery is paying someone such low wages that they cannot feed their family with dignity, that they feel like they live forever on the edge of the abyss, where the slightest crisis could force them to live in the streets. Someone who earns a minimum wage that is a starvation wage is very much a modern-day slave.
We review the following Bible stories in our discussions:
• The first Passover in Egypt, and Moses leading his people through the Red Sea to safety from Pharaoh’s chariots.
• Babylonian and Assyrian exiles.
• The trust Abraham shows in his servant Eliezer, who transports the dowry across the desert to Laban, and returns with his daughter Rebekah to be Isaac’s bride.
• The story of Ruth and Boaz, which suggests that the largest landowners did not employ gangs of slaves as was common in Rome.
• Hosea, who buys his runaway wife Gomer at the slave market, where she was sold to pay her debts.
• The Jubilee system in the Torah, which mandated that slaves would be freed in the seventh year of captivity.
We discuss the types of slavery in ancient Israel and Judah:
• Household servants or slaves.
• Concubines captured in war.
• Debt slavery.
We discuss the writings and/or anecdotes of:
• St Paul in Galatians, 1 Corinthians, Ephesians and Philemon.
• Aristotle in his work, Politics.
• The Cynic Philosopher Diogenese of Sinope.
• The Stoic Philosophers Emperor Marcus Aurelius, Epictetus, and Seneca.
• The Church Fathers St Gregory of Nyssa, St Ephrem, St John Chrysostom, St Augustine in the City of God and other writings.
Redesigning Unjust Systems
This document discusses various memorials and artworks that aim to reframe histories of injustice and commemorate marginalized groups. It describes memorials that mark sites associated with the Holocaust and genocide of Roma people in Europe. In other sections, it outlines statues and monuments erected to acknowledge the massacres and mistreatment of Indigenous Australians and Native Americans. The document advocates for a critical historical approach that brings conflicting narratives into dialogue rather than obscuring or patching over uncomfortable truths.
Redesigning Unjust Systems
This document discusses various memorials and artworks that aim to reframe histories of injustice and human rights violations. It describes memorials that commemorate Holocaust victims in Prague and Berlin, as well as a memorial in Budapest marking the site where fascist militiamen killed Jews. It also mentions the toppling of Confederate statues in the US, protests in the UK over the statue of a slave trader, and debates over monuments in Australia addressing the mistreatment of Indigenous peoples. The document advocates for critical historical mending that tells multifaceted stories of struggle without obscuring conflicts.
Slaves in Ancient Greece and Rome
Slaves were the employees of the ancient world, scholars estimate that perhaps a third of the population of ancient Athens were slaves, and for ancient Rome, scholars think that well over half of the population at the height of the Roman empire were slaves. Slavery was such an integral part of these ancient cultures that we cannot truly understand their history unless we appreciate the role slavery played in their cultures.
Slavery in the ancient world was not based solely on race like in the Confederate South. When a city was defeated the women and children were often enslaved, the men were often slaughtered, though sometimes they were enslaved to work in the mines. Pirates also enslaved those whom they were able to capture. Also, people were often sold into slavery to pay their debts.
Ancient literature includes these stories of slaves:
• The Cynic Philosopher Diogenese of Sinope was captured by pirates and sold into slavery.
• The Stoic Philosopher Epictetus was a former slave of a former slave.
• In the Odyssey, the loyal swineherd Eumaeus was the slave of Odysseus, who had been captured by pirates as a youth.
• The Old Testament Hosea bought his runaway wife Gomer at a slave auction after she was enslaved to pay her debts.
The categories of slaves discussed, in order of mistreatment, are:
• Household and/or small farm slaves. In ancient Greece, they were part of the household, or oikos.
• Concubines, consenting and unwilling, often captured in war.
• Independent city slaves and tradesmen.
• Field hands working as chain gangs on large plantations.
• Laborers in mines in quarries, usually a death sentence.
We review the Atlantic Magazine article, My Family’s Slave, the story of a Filipino servant girl, to better understand what it may have been like to be a household slave in the ancient world.
This video draws from these blogs on slavery in the ancient world:
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/slaves-in-the-ancient-world-blog-1-were-slaves-the-employees-of-the-ancient-world/
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/slaves-in-ancient-greece-and-rome-blog-2/
The Atlantic Magazine article we describe:
https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/06/lolas-story/524490/
Please share with your friends!
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Heart of Darkness - Topical/Historical
- 2. “Heart of Darkness is experience ... pushed a little (and only very little) beyond the actual facts of the case.” - Joseph Conrad
- 3. Inspiration A Novella written in England between 1898 to 1899, Heart of Darkness was inspired by Joseph Conrad’s own personal journey into the Congo in 1890. It had been Conrad's boyhood dream to discover the heart of Africa—now that he had arrived he described what he found as "the vilest scramble for loot that ever disfigured the history of human conscience." Conrad later added, "All Europe contributed to the making of Kurtz.“The story is central to Conrad's work and vision, and it is difficult not to think of his Congo experiences as traumatic.
- 4. Publication Heart of Darkness was originally serialized in Blackwood’s magazine in 1899, and later published by J.M. Dent & Sons in 1902 in the volume Youth: A Narrative.
- 6. • The “Scramble for Africa” – battle between European nations for wealth and power in which countries competed in colonizing Africa
- 7. • Only interested in gaining wealth, European Nations didn’t care how it was gained nor who was killed for it. • As many as six million Africans died during the brutal rubber trade, overseen by the Belgians.
- 8. • Many Africans were forced to be "carriers," for people on jungle expeditions that need to move cargo or smuggle ivory from one place to another.
- 10. • The issue of class – According to Jared Campbell, a historian who has written extensively on the British class system, the origin of the class system is land.
- 11. • Racism – Readers are often dismayed by racist language found in the novella. – You have to remember that in 1890, when Conrad did his trip up the Congo River, things were different. – The word "nigger," like Negro, Niger, and the archaic slang word "neger," come from the Latin root for black.
- 12. Documentation • http://www.wmich.edu/dialogues/texts/heartofd arkness.html • http://www.wsws.org/articles/1999/sep1999/kin g-s06.shtml • http://www.litcharts.com/lit/heartofdarkness/ba ckgroundinfo • http://www.utm.edu/staff/lalexand/brnovel/hear t.htm • http://wfps.k12.mt.us/teachers/carmichaelg/new _page_34.htm