This document discusses healthcare and health financing in India. It notes that healthcare requires health infrastructure, services, and financing. Health insurance transfers risk from individuals and families to insurers and governments. There are over 1 billion people in India who need access to healthcare coverage. Models of health coverage include taxes, social or community insurance, private insurance, and medical savings schemes. Universal health financing in India will likely involve a mix of general revenues, social insurance, private insurance, and self insurance pools. Expanding health coverage faces constraints like most people working in the informal sector and being under or un-insured. The ideal system would be consumer centered and involve all stakeholders working together.
The document discusses building a maternity hospital in Somaliland to address high maternal mortality. Somaliland has a maternal mortality ratio of 1400-1000 deaths per 100,000 live births due to issues like hemorrhage, sepsis, and obstructed labor. There are about 100 doctors and midwives in the country. The proposed project would construct a maternity hospital in Hargeisa, the capital, where 40% of Somaliland's population lives. It would have examination rooms, an ultrasound room, treatment rooms, a laboratory, and delivery and postnatal rooms to provide maternal health services. The total cost is estimated at $1.5 million, with $1.2 million for construction and $
1) The project worked to improve access to water and sanitation in three municipalities in Luanda, Angola through activities like rehabilitating water systems, training water committees, and constructing latrines. Over 13,800 people benefited.
2) Key results included rehabilitating 30 water access points, training 164 caretakers, and constructing 100 latrines. Challenges included unreliable water distribution and irregular supply.
3) Moving forward, the organization plans to complete more water points, provide training, and strengthen partnerships between communities and the water company to help address challenges and gaps in water access.
Institutional types & practice environmentsPierre Lopez
The document describes various settings where physical therapy may be provided, including acute care hospitals for short-term treatment, primary care physician offices, specialized outpatient clinics for secondary care, high-tech hospitals for tertiary care, skilled nursing facilities for subacute care, rehabilitation hospitals, and in patients' homes through home health agencies. Physical therapists also work in school systems to help students with disabilities and may own private outpatient clinics.
Overview and introduction to health informatics and dental informaticsEbtissam Al-Madi
This document provides an overview of health informatics and dental informatics. It defines health informatics, medical informatics, and dental informatics. It discusses the history and development of the fields, including the introduction of computers into medicine from the 1960s onward. It describes the scope of health informatics and dental informatics, covering areas like information science, computer science, and cognitive science. Finally, it discusses current issues in health informatics research, such as data acquisition, storage and retrieval, knowledge representation, and linking disparate systems.
Here are some thought-provoking questions about using public health informatics and data to address community health issues:
- What public health data would have been used to determine the need for a mass inoculation program against a new strain of influenza? Data on previous flu seasons like hospitalizations and deaths, current flu activity in the population, characteristics of the new strain, and susceptibility in the community based on previous vaccination coverage could all factor into determining if a mass program is needed.
- What data will be collected to determine the success of such a program? Data that could be collected includes numbers of individuals vaccinated, demographic information on who was vaccinated, monitoring disease surveillance systems for cases and outbreaks associated with the new strain, tracking severe
This document discusses key topics in healthcare economics including health economics, demand and supply in healthcare markets, economic objectives in healthcare like efficiency and equity, concepts of economic efficiency applied to hospitals, healthcare expenditure trends globally and nationally, and priority areas for investing in health. It provides an overview of these essential healthcare economics concepts in 3 sentences or less.
Chapter 1: Context of Health Care Financial ManagementNada G.Youssef
This document discusses key topics in health care financial management including lowering costs, goals of the health care system, and changing methods of financing and delivery. It outlines reforms under the Affordable Care Act to expand access through insurance marketplaces and Medicaid expansion while controlling costs through value-based purchasing. It also covers trends like the rise of the uninsured and accountable care organizations, as well as factors affecting the cost of care and impacts to provider reimbursement models.
This document discusses healthcare and health financing in India. It notes that healthcare requires health infrastructure, services, and financing. Health insurance transfers risk from individuals and families to insurers and governments. There are over 1 billion people in India who need access to healthcare coverage. Models of health coverage include taxes, social or community insurance, private insurance, and medical savings schemes. Universal health financing in India will likely involve a mix of general revenues, social insurance, private insurance, and self insurance pools. Expanding health coverage faces constraints like most people working in the informal sector and being under or un-insured. The ideal system would be consumer centered and involve all stakeholders working together.
The document discusses building a maternity hospital in Somaliland to address high maternal mortality. Somaliland has a maternal mortality ratio of 1400-1000 deaths per 100,000 live births due to issues like hemorrhage, sepsis, and obstructed labor. There are about 100 doctors and midwives in the country. The proposed project would construct a maternity hospital in Hargeisa, the capital, where 40% of Somaliland's population lives. It would have examination rooms, an ultrasound room, treatment rooms, a laboratory, and delivery and postnatal rooms to provide maternal health services. The total cost is estimated at $1.5 million, with $1.2 million for construction and $
1) The project worked to improve access to water and sanitation in three municipalities in Luanda, Angola through activities like rehabilitating water systems, training water committees, and constructing latrines. Over 13,800 people benefited.
2) Key results included rehabilitating 30 water access points, training 164 caretakers, and constructing 100 latrines. Challenges included unreliable water distribution and irregular supply.
3) Moving forward, the organization plans to complete more water points, provide training, and strengthen partnerships between communities and the water company to help address challenges and gaps in water access.
Institutional types & practice environmentsPierre Lopez
The document describes various settings where physical therapy may be provided, including acute care hospitals for short-term treatment, primary care physician offices, specialized outpatient clinics for secondary care, high-tech hospitals for tertiary care, skilled nursing facilities for subacute care, rehabilitation hospitals, and in patients' homes through home health agencies. Physical therapists also work in school systems to help students with disabilities and may own private outpatient clinics.
Overview and introduction to health informatics and dental informaticsEbtissam Al-Madi
This document provides an overview of health informatics and dental informatics. It defines health informatics, medical informatics, and dental informatics. It discusses the history and development of the fields, including the introduction of computers into medicine from the 1960s onward. It describes the scope of health informatics and dental informatics, covering areas like information science, computer science, and cognitive science. Finally, it discusses current issues in health informatics research, such as data acquisition, storage and retrieval, knowledge representation, and linking disparate systems.
Here are some thought-provoking questions about using public health informatics and data to address community health issues:
- What public health data would have been used to determine the need for a mass inoculation program against a new strain of influenza? Data on previous flu seasons like hospitalizations and deaths, current flu activity in the population, characteristics of the new strain, and susceptibility in the community based on previous vaccination coverage could all factor into determining if a mass program is needed.
- What data will be collected to determine the success of such a program? Data that could be collected includes numbers of individuals vaccinated, demographic information on who was vaccinated, monitoring disease surveillance systems for cases and outbreaks associated with the new strain, tracking severe
This document discusses key topics in healthcare economics including health economics, demand and supply in healthcare markets, economic objectives in healthcare like efficiency and equity, concepts of economic efficiency applied to hospitals, healthcare expenditure trends globally and nationally, and priority areas for investing in health. It provides an overview of these essential healthcare economics concepts in 3 sentences or less.
Chapter 1: Context of Health Care Financial ManagementNada G.Youssef
This document discusses key topics in health care financial management including lowering costs, goals of the health care system, and changing methods of financing and delivery. It outlines reforms under the Affordable Care Act to expand access through insurance marketplaces and Medicaid expansion while controlling costs through value-based purchasing. It also covers trends like the rise of the uninsured and accountable care organizations, as well as factors affecting the cost of care and impacts to provider reimbursement models.
This document discusses health care financing in India. It defines health care financing as mobilizing and allocating funds for specific health services and payment mechanisms. India relies heavily on private out-of-pocket spending for health care, with only about 10% having health insurance. Major challenges include linking insurance to employment when most work is informal, and excluding many poor from coverage. Community-based financing models show promise in providing social inclusion and financial protection. The conclusion calls for recognizing the role of health economists and addressing health financing within broader governance, economic, educational, and social contexts.
This document discusses social policy and its impact on families from different sociological perspectives. It provides examples of policies from the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany, and China to show how governments can influence family life. Students are asked to research these policies and discuss their potential effects. The document also examines how the UK government intervenes in families through policies, comparing approaches between political groups like New Labour and the Coalition. Overall, the goal is for students to understand social policy and analyze perspectives on the family.
This document discusses Pakistan's health care financing system. It outlines how funds are mobilized and allocated to different regions and populations. It also describes the mechanisms for paying for health care. The document analyzes factors like public vs private expenditure, sources of funds, and financial protection. It provides statistics on total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP and per capita. It also examines funding allocation between federal, provincial and district levels and between government and private/NGO sectors. The document evaluates inequities in access between rich and poor areas and recommends targeting taxes and financing methods to improve access for underserved groups.
The document discusses how social and environmental factors impact health and access to healthcare. It outlines that where someone lives determines their health based on things like water quality, smoking bans, food access, and healthcare resources. Access to healthcare varies across communities based on race, income, education, insurance status, and disability. A behavioral model shows how predisposing characteristics, enabling factors, and health needs influence healthcare utilization. Neighborhood characteristics like socioeconomic disadvantage, physical environments, and social networks can decrease access to primary care and increase unmet needs. Investing in community prevention and changing neighborhood environments can increase access and produce healthcare savings.
Classification of health care organizationsmanuhirani
The document discusses different types of health care organizations and classifies them in three ways: by length of stay, type of services provided, and ownership type. It provides details on various organization types such as hospitals, which are defined as institutions that provide medical care and services to both inpatients and outpatients. The functions of hospitals include prevention, cure, training, and research.
This document discusses epidemiology and community health. It defines epidemiology as the study of factors that affect the health of populations, including the frequencies and types of diseases. Community health aims to protect the health of communities through organized efforts. The success of epidemiology and community health relies on effective information transfer. Epidemiology tools are used to study disease patterns and priorities to inform health planning, research, and evaluation. Descriptive and analytical epidemiology are discussed as ways to understand disease distribution, risk factors, and evaluate associations. Community health activities work to maintain health records, protect food/water, provide immunizations, and educate communities.
The document defines key concepts around community and environmental health. It discusses how a community is a sociological group that shares an environment, and how community health aims to improve members' health through organized community efforts. Environmental health comprises physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychological factors that affect human health. The document also outlines characteristics of a healthy community and issues that impact communities, such as pollution, poverty, and natural disasters.
Tax-based systems finance healthcare through taxes collected from the entire population of taxpayers, allowing risks to be pooled across a large group. This subsidizes care for the poor and sick by transferring wealth from the rich and healthy. However, overuse of free services remains a problem. Pay-as-you-go user fee systems represent a market-based solution but fees disproportionately reduce access for the poor. Risk-based private insurance guarantees entitlement by collecting risk-adjusted premiums but rising costs can cause the poor and sick to lose coverage. Social health insurance compulsorily collects premiums from a broad base to ensure universal coverage unlike private systems. Donor funding significantly finances developing countries' healthcare through government systems or private organizations.
This document provides an overview of hospitals and the healthcare delivery system. It discusses the evolution of hospitals from places where people went to die to modern multiservice institutions. Hospitals are classified by type, ownership, size and services provided. Trends include consolidation, outpatient care replacing inpatient care, and increased partnerships between hospitals and other providers. Challenges include rising costs, physician decision making, and ensuring access to care.
The document summarizes India's health care delivery system. It has 3 main levels - central, state, and local. At the central level, the main organizations are the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the Directorate General of Health Services, which are responsible for policy, planning, research, and coordinating with states. At the state level, each state has its own health administration led by a health secretary. At the local level, districts are divided into subdivisions, blocks, and villages/panchayats. Primary health services are provided at the village, sub-center, primary health center, and community health center levels.
Health care financing in Saudi Arabia is provided mainly through government revenues, accounting for approximately 80% of total health care spending. Government spending on health as a percentage of the national budget has risen from 2.8% in 1970 to 6.4% in 2004. The remaining sources of health care financing include private sources such as personal out-of-pocket payments and employer-sponsored health insurance programs.
Solving for x - a solution to the healthcare conundrum?Wayne Pan
This document discusses moving healthcare payment models from fee-for-service to value-based systems. It argues that fee-for-service incentivizes volume over quality and has led to rising costs. Value-based models where providers accept risk could better align incentives with the "Triple Aim" of improving outcomes, reducing costs, and improving experience. This involves measuring quality comprehensively, focusing more on wellness and managing populations' clinical and financial risks. Pharmaceutical companies may also take on more risk through accountable treatment organizations managing medication therapy. The goal is true measurement of quality to solve for value in healthcare.
The document discusses the pharmaceutical industry's growing interest in digital health technologies. It mentions that companies are looking at technologies like machine learning, genomics, wearables, home monitoring, and telehealth to better understand patients, expedite drug discovery and development, and enable new financing models. The industry is seeking to hire data scientists, bioinformaticists, behavioral specialists, and mobile developers with skills in these digital technologies. Genentech's involvement in digital health is also briefly referenced but not described.
Some thoughts about healthcare IT systems 1OCT13Wayne Pan
This document discusses improving healthcare IT systems to focus on person-centered care rather than patient-centered care. It notes that current EHR systems are designed for provider-centered care and can result in multiple patient identities for a single person across different providers. The document introduces SyntraNet as a system designed for person-centered care. It outlines the 5Cs of connecting, communicating, collaborating, coordinating, and calculating as key to achieving person-centered care through an advanced healthcare IT system.
The document announces a spring 2012 health horizons conference in San Francisco featuring Wayne Pan, MD, MBA as a speaker. Pan is the Chief Medical Informatics Officer of Health Access Solutions and Advisory Chief Medical Officer of Kavaii Analytics. The conference will take place in San Francisco.
This document discusses health care financing in India. It defines health care financing as mobilizing and allocating funds for specific health services and payment mechanisms. India relies heavily on private out-of-pocket spending for health care, with only about 10% having health insurance. Major challenges include linking insurance to employment when most work is informal, and excluding many poor from coverage. Community-based financing models show promise in providing social inclusion and financial protection. The conclusion calls for recognizing the role of health economists and addressing health financing within broader governance, economic, educational, and social contexts.
This document discusses social policy and its impact on families from different sociological perspectives. It provides examples of policies from the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany, and China to show how governments can influence family life. Students are asked to research these policies and discuss their potential effects. The document also examines how the UK government intervenes in families through policies, comparing approaches between political groups like New Labour and the Coalition. Overall, the goal is for students to understand social policy and analyze perspectives on the family.
This document discusses Pakistan's health care financing system. It outlines how funds are mobilized and allocated to different regions and populations. It also describes the mechanisms for paying for health care. The document analyzes factors like public vs private expenditure, sources of funds, and financial protection. It provides statistics on total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP and per capita. It also examines funding allocation between federal, provincial and district levels and between government and private/NGO sectors. The document evaluates inequities in access between rich and poor areas and recommends targeting taxes and financing methods to improve access for underserved groups.
The document discusses how social and environmental factors impact health and access to healthcare. It outlines that where someone lives determines their health based on things like water quality, smoking bans, food access, and healthcare resources. Access to healthcare varies across communities based on race, income, education, insurance status, and disability. A behavioral model shows how predisposing characteristics, enabling factors, and health needs influence healthcare utilization. Neighborhood characteristics like socioeconomic disadvantage, physical environments, and social networks can decrease access to primary care and increase unmet needs. Investing in community prevention and changing neighborhood environments can increase access and produce healthcare savings.
Classification of health care organizationsmanuhirani
The document discusses different types of health care organizations and classifies them in three ways: by length of stay, type of services provided, and ownership type. It provides details on various organization types such as hospitals, which are defined as institutions that provide medical care and services to both inpatients and outpatients. The functions of hospitals include prevention, cure, training, and research.
This document discusses epidemiology and community health. It defines epidemiology as the study of factors that affect the health of populations, including the frequencies and types of diseases. Community health aims to protect the health of communities through organized efforts. The success of epidemiology and community health relies on effective information transfer. Epidemiology tools are used to study disease patterns and priorities to inform health planning, research, and evaluation. Descriptive and analytical epidemiology are discussed as ways to understand disease distribution, risk factors, and evaluate associations. Community health activities work to maintain health records, protect food/water, provide immunizations, and educate communities.
The document defines key concepts around community and environmental health. It discusses how a community is a sociological group that shares an environment, and how community health aims to improve members' health through organized community efforts. Environmental health comprises physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychological factors that affect human health. The document also outlines characteristics of a healthy community and issues that impact communities, such as pollution, poverty, and natural disasters.
Tax-based systems finance healthcare through taxes collected from the entire population of taxpayers, allowing risks to be pooled across a large group. This subsidizes care for the poor and sick by transferring wealth from the rich and healthy. However, overuse of free services remains a problem. Pay-as-you-go user fee systems represent a market-based solution but fees disproportionately reduce access for the poor. Risk-based private insurance guarantees entitlement by collecting risk-adjusted premiums but rising costs can cause the poor and sick to lose coverage. Social health insurance compulsorily collects premiums from a broad base to ensure universal coverage unlike private systems. Donor funding significantly finances developing countries' healthcare through government systems or private organizations.
This document provides an overview of hospitals and the healthcare delivery system. It discusses the evolution of hospitals from places where people went to die to modern multiservice institutions. Hospitals are classified by type, ownership, size and services provided. Trends include consolidation, outpatient care replacing inpatient care, and increased partnerships between hospitals and other providers. Challenges include rising costs, physician decision making, and ensuring access to care.
The document summarizes India's health care delivery system. It has 3 main levels - central, state, and local. At the central level, the main organizations are the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the Directorate General of Health Services, which are responsible for policy, planning, research, and coordinating with states. At the state level, each state has its own health administration led by a health secretary. At the local level, districts are divided into subdivisions, blocks, and villages/panchayats. Primary health services are provided at the village, sub-center, primary health center, and community health center levels.
Health care financing in Saudi Arabia is provided mainly through government revenues, accounting for approximately 80% of total health care spending. Government spending on health as a percentage of the national budget has risen from 2.8% in 1970 to 6.4% in 2004. The remaining sources of health care financing include private sources such as personal out-of-pocket payments and employer-sponsored health insurance programs.
Solving for x - a solution to the healthcare conundrum?Wayne Pan
This document discusses moving healthcare payment models from fee-for-service to value-based systems. It argues that fee-for-service incentivizes volume over quality and has led to rising costs. Value-based models where providers accept risk could better align incentives with the "Triple Aim" of improving outcomes, reducing costs, and improving experience. This involves measuring quality comprehensively, focusing more on wellness and managing populations' clinical and financial risks. Pharmaceutical companies may also take on more risk through accountable treatment organizations managing medication therapy. The goal is true measurement of quality to solve for value in healthcare.
The document discusses the pharmaceutical industry's growing interest in digital health technologies. It mentions that companies are looking at technologies like machine learning, genomics, wearables, home monitoring, and telehealth to better understand patients, expedite drug discovery and development, and enable new financing models. The industry is seeking to hire data scientists, bioinformaticists, behavioral specialists, and mobile developers with skills in these digital technologies. Genentech's involvement in digital health is also briefly referenced but not described.
Some thoughts about healthcare IT systems 1OCT13Wayne Pan
This document discusses improving healthcare IT systems to focus on person-centered care rather than patient-centered care. It notes that current EHR systems are designed for provider-centered care and can result in multiple patient identities for a single person across different providers. The document introduces SyntraNet as a system designed for person-centered care. It outlines the 5Cs of connecting, communicating, collaborating, coordinating, and calculating as key to achieving person-centered care through an advanced healthcare IT system.
The document announces a spring 2012 health horizons conference in San Francisco featuring Wayne Pan, MD, MBA as a speaker. Pan is the Chief Medical Informatics Officer of Health Access Solutions and Advisory Chief Medical Officer of Kavaii Analytics. The conference will take place in San Francisco.
The document discusses challenges in managing healthcare for patients in an Accountable Care Organization (ACO) model within a traditional fee-for-service system. It proposes a solution to make care coordination and quality accountability feel similar to a traditional HMO model by: 1) Tracking provider referrals and specialty visits, 2) Guiding provider selection based on quality/efficiency, 3) Incentivizing referring providers, 4) Allowing real-time patient tracking, and 5) Reinforcing quality at every patient encounter. The goal is to create a "virtual patient-centered medical home" model to manage ACO patients.
Integration of MTM in Primary Care 28FEB12Wayne Pan
This document discusses integrating medication therapy management in primary care settings and incorporating community pharmacists in a patient-centered medical home. It provides details on how pharmacists can be involved in medication reconciliation after a patient is discharged from the hospital to improve care coordination and patient outcomes. The document also addresses how patients would benefit from these services and ensuring proper alignment across the healthcare system to support the patient experience.
Enhancing patient care through better dataWayne Pan
This document discusses enhancing patient care through better data and care coordination. It describes how the Santa Clara County IPA Medical Group implemented a common web-based communication platform to facilitate care coordination across providers and settings. The platform allows sharing of patient data, embedding of quality reminders into workflows, and patient access to their own information. Through coordinated efforts of hospitalists, case managers, and utilization review staff using this platform, the group aims to improve the patient journey from hospital to post-acute care to primary care follow up.
Bringing patient centered health care to the patient by integrating retail ph...Wayne Pan
The document discusses bringing patient-centered health care to patients by integrating retail pharmacy. It describes SCCIPA's journey to address readmissions by improving care coordination and transitions through medication reconciliation and physician follow-up post-discharge. It outlines SCCIPA's pilot project to leverage AccessExpress and retail pharmacies to help patients understand their medications after leaving the hospital.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Dr. Wayne Pan of the Santa Clara County IPA (SCCIPA) on 5 "dangerous ideas" for improving healthcare quality. The ideas are: 1) Ask how health plans can help providers rather than what providers can do for plans, 2) Require providers to use a common EHR platform for communication, 3) Use the EHR platform to provide performance feedback, 4) Implement physician bonus programs tied to quality targets, and 5) Focus on coordinating care for the whole patient through reminders, checklists and follow-ups. The document provides examples of how SCCIPA has implemented these ideas, such as engaging office staff, using data to drive feedback, and linking