this is a health psychology slides presentation

1.  Health Psychology
M.HAROON RAZA (RP21-EE-401)
RANA ABDULLAH (RP21-EE-408)
MOHSIN AASHIQ (RP21-EE-410)
MALIK WALEED-UZ-ZAMAAN(RP21-EE-411)
HAMMAD SAJJAD (RP21-EE-432)
ANEES SOHAIL (RP21-EE-419)

2. What is
Health
Psychology?
• Focus how different factors involve in health and illness such as Social,
biology and behavior.
• Interdisciplinary field of psychology
• what people think about their different condition of health such as good
and bad health.
• Concerned with the ways in which we, as individuals, behave and interact
with others in sickness and in health.
• How do they relate to health and illness, why?
• Example : Smoking termination.(how to quit, how people help)?

3. When did
Health Psychology
begin?
• When?
• Conference in USA in 1978
• Creation of a section devoted
to health psychology in the
American Psychological
Association (APA) in 1979
• British Psychological
Association (BPA) only set up a
section in 1986, which was
formerly recognised in 1997.

4. why did
Health Psychology
begin?
• Why?
1. In order to prevent and maintain health.
2. To identify the biological factors that cause.
3. To identify the causes of health and illness.
4. Changing illness pattern (how people response
to illness and it’s improvement).
5. Offering quality health care services ( reaction of
people by offering quality health care ).
6. Aiding technology and research ( how
technology helps to improvement)
7. Health related policy (different policy for better
health and solve issue)

5. Matarazzo’s 1980
definition
Health psychology is the :
 promotion and maintenance of
health,
o Education and skill building
 prevention and treatment of
illness,
o Assessment and social support
 the identification of causes and
diagnostic correlates of health,
o Relation pain and psychological
factors
 the analysis and improvement of the
health care system and health policy
formation.

6. Historical and
Cultural
Origins
Basic ideas and concepts have been around
for a long time:
• Relationship between mind and body
• Study of psychosomatic disorders owes
much to Freud.
• Changing patterns of illness and disease

7. Changing
Patterns of
Illness &
Disease
• Contageous diseases and infections
now contribute minimally to illness
and death in the Western World.
• Major breakthroughs in science
have reduced prevalence of
smallpox, rubella, influenza and
polio.
• Most deaths now caused by
heart disease, cancer and
strokes.
• These diseases, studies suggest,
are a by-product of life-style.
• By 1970s health spending in
Western countries was getting out
of control. Governments began to
explore disease prevention and
health promotion.

8. Behavioral medicine is a multidisciplinary field that recognizes the
powerful influence of behavior on health and illness. By leveraging the
principles of psychology, medicine, and public health. Behavioral
medicine interventions aim to promote healthy behaviors and manage
or even cure certain diseases.

9. Major Causes of
Death in 21st
• Those in which behavioural pathogens are the
single most important factor. These are personal
habits such as smoking, excessive drinking, over-
eating and not exercising which can influence the
onset and course of a disease.
• Fighting diseases endemic in different parts of
the world can be affected by behaviour and
attitude e.g. malaria.

10. The Biomedical
Model
• Diseases come from outside the body and invade it, causing
internal physical changes or
• Diseases originate in the body as internal, involuntary
physical changes.
• Diseases are caused by chemical imbalances, bacteria,
viruses or genetic pre-disposition.
• Individuals are not responsible for their illnesses, which are
from biological changes beyond their control. People who
are ill are victims.
• Treatment should consist of vaccination, surgery,
chemotherapy or radio therapy, all of which aim to change
the health.

11. The Biomedical Model
continued
• Physical state of the body.
• Responsibility for treatment lies with the medical
profession,
• Health and illness are qualitatively different. You
are either healthy or ill; there is no continuum
between them.
• Mind and body function independently of each
other. The abstract mind relates to feelings and
thoughts and is incapable of influencing physical
matter.
• Illness may have psychological consequences, but
not psychological causes.

12. The Role of Stress in Health
1 Impact on Physical Health
Chronic stress has been linked to
various physical health problems,
including cardiovascular issues,
weakened immune function, and
digestive disturbances.
2 Psychological Effects
Stress can significantly impa
mental health, leading to sym
of anxiety, depression, and b
3 Coping Strategies
Understanding effective stress management techniques is crucial for maintai
overall health and well-being.

13. The Impact of Social Suppor
Emotional Support
Emotional support provides
individuals with
reassurance, empathy, and
a sense of companionship,
contributing to overall well-
being.
Instrumental Support
Practical assistance, such
as help with daily tasks,
financial support, and
access to resources, has a
tangible impact on health
outcomes.

14. The Biopsychosocial Model
• In opposition to these ideas, Health
Psychology argues that human beings should
be seen as complex systems. Illness is often
caused by a combination of biological ( e.g.
viruses) and psychological (e.g. behaviour and
beliefs) and social (e.g. poor housing,
unemployment) factors.
• These assumptions reflect the
biopsychosocial model of health and illness,
reflecting the changes in the nature of illness,
causes of death and life expectancy of the
20th.
• Health Psychologists are interested in
‘normal’ everyday behaviour and ‘normal’
psychological processes in relation to health
and illness, rather than in psychopathology or
abnormal behaviour.

15. 20th Changes in the nature of Illness
• The biopsychosocial model
reflects fundamental changes in
the nature of illness, causes of
death and overall life expectancy
during the 20th.
• Average life expectancy in the the
USA has increased from 48 in
1900 to 76 today.
• There is the same rate of increase
for most Western, industrialised
nations.
• This is due mainly to the virtual
elimination of infectious diseases
such as pneumonia, ‘flu’, TB,
diptheria, scarlet fever, measles,
typhoid and polio as causes of
death.

16. Major Killers
of the 20th
and 21st
• HIV/AIDS increased the number of infection-related
deaths in the West in the 1980s and 1990s. It is a
major killer in Africa, reducing life expectancy to the
30s in some nations.
• Poverty and poor nutrition has reduced life
expectancy in Burma, for example, to 48.
• Today’s major killers are cardiovascular diseases-heart
disease and strokes and cancers.
• Cardiovascular diseases account for about 40% of all
deaths in industrialised countries.

17. Acculturation
• The process of adaptation to a new host culture is called ‘acculturation.’
• Cross-cultural psychologists believe that there is complex pattern of
continuity and change in how people who have developed in one cultural
context adapt when they move to and live in a new cultural context.
• The longer immigrants live in the host country (increasing acculturation) their
health status migrates to the national norm of that country.
• For immigrants to Canada from 26 out of 29 countries, their coronary heart
disease rates shifted to the Canadian norm. Similar patterns have been found
for stomach and intestinal cancer among immigrants to the USA.
• One possible explanation is exposure to widely shared risk factors in the
physical environment, such as climate, pollution, pathogens.

18. Pursuit of Assimilation
or Integration
• Pursuing assimilation or integration as a
way to acculturation may expose
immigrants to cultural risk factors, such
as diet, lifestyle and substance abuse.
• This ‘behavioural shift’ interpretation
would be supported if health status
both improved and declined relative to
national norms.
• Main evidence points to a decline. This
supports the ‘acculturation stress
interpretation; that the very stress of
acculturation may involve risk factors
that can reduce health status.
• This is supported by evidence that
stress can reduce resistance to diseases
such as hypertension and diabetes.
Berry 1998.