Health promotion for elderly

1. H E A L T H P R O M O T I O N , R I S K
R E D U C T I O N A N D D I S E A S E
P R E V E N T I O N
F O R T H E E L D E R L Y
P R E S E N T E D B Y :
N O U R H A N D A H S H A N

2. INTRODUCTION
Health promotion is a preventative approach
to health that is self-actualization-oriented
and guides individuals to maintain or
improve their health and actively establish
new positive behaviors .

3. I N T R O D U C T I O N
Many older adults over the age of 85 require
medical attention from doctors and paramedics,
which is not actually a healthy behavior The
healthy behavior of older adults should include
exercise, smoking cessation, and the restriction
of alcohol consumption, as well as increasing
learning activities and social activities in life

4. D E F I N I T I O N O F H E A LT H P R O M O T I O N
Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase
control over & improve their health by developing their
resources to maintain or enhance well being.
Health promoting is an action for health using knowledge,
communication & understanding

5. O B J E C T I V E O F H E A LT H P R O M O T I O N
Increase quality and years of healthy life
• Maintain function
• Eliminate health disparities and independency
• Improve (enhance) quality of life
• Extend life expectancy → ↓ premature mortality
caused by chronic& acute diseases

6. C O M P O N E N T O F H E A LT H P R O M O T I O N
1. Exercise
2. Nutrition
3. Rest & sleep
4. Periodic medical check up
5. High risk behavior
6. Spiritual well-being
7. Psychosocial well-being

7. 1 . E X E R C I S E

8. P H Y S I C A L B E N E F I T S O F E X E R C I S E
1) Consumption of body fat
2) Improve cardio-vascular capacity( by↑ blood
flow----- keep tissue healthy
3) Control hypertension& blood sugar
4) Improve respiratory function
5) Improve joint flexibility
6) Improve pattern of sleep & rest
7) ↑ independency
8) Improve sense of well –being & relaxation
9) Maintain mind’s function
10) Promote sense of normality
11) Peristaltic movement

9. P S Y C H O L O G I C A L B E N E F I T S O F
E X E R C I S E
1. Improve mood state
2. Improve self-image
3. Reduce stress
4. Enhance sleep
5. Improve depressive state of elderly

10. S O C I A L B E N E F I T S O F E X E R C I S E
• Mood Improvement. ...
• Boosts Confidence. ...
• Improves Social Connections. ...
• Improves Mental Health. ...
• Promotes satisfaction and fulfillment. ...
• Improves Concentration. ...
• Improves Teamwork and Cooperation. ...
• Helps with Learning.

12. T Y P E S O F E X E R C I S E
Isometric means “same length,” so that your
muscles do not get longer or shorter by bending a
joint. Isotonic means “same tension” so that the
weight on your muscles stays the same.
Isokinetic means “same speed” so that your
muscles are contracting at the same speed
throughout the workout.

13. R O L E O F T H E N U R S E D U R I N G E X E R C I S E
I- Assessment done at the beginning of exercise program
include:
1. History & physical examination (CVS, rasp,
musculoskeletal & neurological system)
2. Renal & liver function tests
3. ECG,& exercise stress test
4. Assess range of motion & use of assistive devices.
5. Assess environmental hazards

14. R O L E O F T H E N U R S E D U R I N G E X E R C I S E
II-Set a regular time to exercise each day
III- Before starting exercise the nurse should advice the elderly
about:
1. Document baseline resting function status (ht &resp rate, bl.sugar)
2. 10 minutes warms up stretching exercise
3. Drink water before and after exercise is important as water will be lost
during exercise
4. Clothes worn during exercise should allow for easy movement and
perspiration.
5. Athletic shoes provide both support and protection

15. R O L E O F T H E N U R S E D U R I N G E X E R C I S E
During exercise
• Monitor heart & resp. Rate
• Stop exercise if elderly has fatigue , chest pain or ↑heart &
resp. Rate
After exercise:
• 10 minutes cooling up at end of exercise
• Monitor pulse rate during cooling for returning to resting ht.

16. 2 - NUTRITIO N
It is neglected especially those living alone or with low income.
Factors affecting nutritional status:
1) Age related changes
2) Psychosocial factors
3) Economic factors
4) Cultural factors

17. 2 - NUTRITIO N
Age related changes
• ↓ Taste & smell
• ↓ Visual acuity
• Loss of teeth & poor fitting denture
• ↓ Gastric secretion→ influence in absorption of B12,
folic acid& iron. Food remain longer time in stomach + ↓
gastric secretion will lead to indigestion &feeling of

18. 2 - N U T R I T I O N
Psychosocial factors
• Depression is common ( losses, death,retirement, change of
body appearance,
impaired vision &poor physical fitness) this will lead to lack of
interest in eating& anorexia and ↓ food intake.
• Living alone also will lead to lack of incentive to cook &eat.

19. 2 - N U T R I T I O N
Economic Factors
• Low income
• Limited access to food and food choices
• Inadequate facilities to food storage and preparation
Cultural factors
• Eating habits may miss certain food group
as vegetarians.

20. 2 - N U T R I T I O N
Dietary guideline for old persons
• Eat a variety of food
• Maintain a healthy wt
• Choose a diet low in fat,saturated & cholesterol
• Choose a diet plenty of vegetables, fruits & grain products
• Use sugar & salts in moderate
• Drink 200-3000cc/daily

21. N U R S I N G R O L E I N N U T R I T I O N
Assessment involves: nutritional history, physical
examination, anthropometric measurements, biochemical
evaluation, cognitive & mood evaluation
• Health history related to nutrition
• Anthropometric measurement
• Client and family education

22. 3 . R E S T & S L E E P
• Person spend 1/3 of his life in sleep
• Sleep is time for cell growth& repair
• Elderly need 5-7 hrs at night

23. I M P O R T A N C E O F R E S T & S L E E P :
• 1) Conserve energy
• 2) Provide organ respite (rest)
• 3) Restore the mental alertness& neurological
efficiency
• 4) Relieve tension
• 5) Emerge feeling of well being

24. 3 . R E S T & S L E E P
Factors affecting sleeping patterns
• Age related changes in sleep patterns
• Internal factors
• External factors

25. N U R S I N G M E A S U R E S A D O P T E D T O P R O M O T E
S L E E P
1. Engage in exercise program
2. Avoid exercise within 3-4 hr. Of bedtime.
3. Spend time out door in the sunlight each day but
avoid period between 12 Md to 3 PM sunshine exposure.
4. Engage in relaxing activities near bedtime.
5. Avoid tobacco at bedtime
6. Avoid drink any caffeinated beverages before mid afternoon.
7. Limit fluid intake after the dinner hour if nocturia is a problem.
8. Limit daytime naps to 30 minutes or less.
9. Avoid using the bed for watching TV, writing bills, and reading.

26. 4 - P E R I O D I C M E D I C A L E X A M I N AT I O N
Importance of Periodic medical examination:
1. Assess elderly level of well-being
2. Detect early signs of disease
3. Educate client how to promote his health
4. Reinforce + ve promoting & protecting behaviors
5. If examination done at home, it permit evaluation of
environment ( hazards care giver…)

27. 4 - P E R I O D I C M E D I C A L E X A M I N A T I O N
Types of health screening

28. 4 - P E R I O D I C M E D I C A L E X A M I N A T I O N
Types of health screening

29. 5 - H I G H R I S K B E H AV I O R
• It is behavior that damage physical health.It
includes:
• Over the counter medication (multiple
medications )
• Smoking
• Caffeine

30. 5 - H I G H R I S K B E H AV I O R
Smoking
Nicotine & toxic substances in cigarette has
impact on detoxication process in the body---
---- cell damage& variety of diseases as cancer,
respiratory, CVD, ↑ risk of osteoporosis
• Cessation of smoking improves cerebral blood flow& ↑
pulmonary function

31. 5 - H I G H R I S K B E H AV I O R
Multiple medication
• Older people consume many medication-
-------↑adverse drug reaction
• The most common over the counter medication:
Analgesics, laxatives& antacids followed by cough
products, eye wash& vitamins.

32. 5 - H I G H R I S K B E H AV I O R
Caffeine
• Found in coffee, tea, soft drinks, chocolate
• It is mood elevator
• It stimulates sympathetic nervous system
• ↑motor activity
• ↑ muscle capacity & alertness
• ↑ Rapid pulse
• ↑ calcium excretion

33. 6 - S P I R I T U A L W E L L - B E I N G
• Spiritual well-being is the practice and philosophy of
the integral aspects of mental, emotional and overall
wellbeing.
• Spiritual well-being is a state in which the positive
aspects of spirituality are experienced, incorporated and
lived by the individual and reflected into ones
environment.

34. S I G N S O F S P I R I T U A L D I S T R E S S :
• Doubt
• Despair
• Guilt
• Boredom
• Expression of anger toward god

35. BENEFITS
The practice and incorporation of Spiritual
Wellbeing into one’s life influences and
includes benefits for ones;
Emotional
Wellbeing,
Physical Wellbeing,
Mental Wellbeing

36. S O M E O F T H E M E A S U R A B L E B E N E F I T S T H A T P E O P L E
E X P E R I E N C E
F R O M S P I R I T U A L W E L L B E I N G C O U N S E L I N G A N D
G R O U P S I N C L U D E :
• A feeling of being more contented with their life’s situation
• Greater enjoyment of self time, finding an inner peace
• Greater ability to take control of and resolve their life’s issues
• A greater sense of satisfaction in their activities and life
situations
• Ability to take a more active part in life rather than standing
still and watching it pass by
• Ability to build more intimate, loving and lasting relationships

37. M E A S U R E S T O I N C R E A S E S P I R I T U A L
W E L L B E I N G
Identify ways that believes give meaning to life
• Use problem solving to solve any conflict related to spirituality
• Meeting with religious man at regular intervals
• Presence of religious literatures in the immediate environment such
as Quran on beside table
• Reading in religious books & praying
• Discuss role of spirituality in one’s life

38. 7 - P S Y C H O S O C I A L W E L L - B E I N G
Psychosocial changes may alter an individual relationship with
others.
Physical wellbeing depend on:
• Psychosocial wellbeing
• Social structure
• Personal relationshipsIn Later years many adjustment are
necessary

39. R O L E O F T H E N U R S E I N H E A LT H P R O M O T I O N
• Assessment to his physical health,
• Psychosocial Well- being, lifestyle pattern, hobbies, high
risk behaviors, knowledge, believes& attitudes that affect
health & wellbeing.
• Assess health needs
• Assess social , environmental & cultural influences on
health behaviors

40. R O L E O F T H E N U R S E I N H E A LT H P R O M O T I O N
• Lifestyle modifications is a comprehensive
approach for effective change in heath promotion
behaviors
• Nurse role should directed toward helping elderly
to cope with his function level ------delay
disabilities & impairments.

41. R O L E O F T H E N U R S E I N H E A LT H
P R O M O T I O N
• Nurse identify environmental hazards & make
necessary modifications
• Identify social needs & encourage participation &
social support groups.
• Nurse should inform elderly & caregivers about
aging process, common disorders & disabilities ,
different services available

42. R O L E O F T H E N U R S E I N H E A LT H P R O M O T I O N
• Encourage elderly to take better care to
them, avoid high risk behaviors,& hazards
affecting their health.
• Regular and continuous evaluation is
important aspect of nurse’s role.

43. R E F E R E N C E S
• World Health Organization (2019). Phase V (2009–2013) of the WHO European
Healthy Cities Network: goals and requirements.• Europe: World Health Organization.
http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/100989/E92260.pdf
• Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (2010). Deaths and mortality. Retrieved from•
www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/deaths.htm
• Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (2013). A framework for prevention. Retrieved
• from www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/overview/social-ecologicalmodel.html
• Worldviews Evid Based Nurse. 2016 The Jakarta Declaration on Leading Health Promotion into the 21st
Century. HPR/HEP/4ICHP/BR/97.4

44. THANK YOU 👍