2. 0utline
• Definition Globalization
• Definition of global health
• Differences between Global health and Public Health
• Major global health problems
• Scope of Global Health
• Predictions of the Leading Causes of Diseases or Injury Worldwid
• Prominent global health issues
• Determinants of Health
• Role of the nurse in global community
3. Definition Globalization
Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among
the people, companies, and governments of different nations.
This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on
political systems, on economic development and on human
physical well-being in societies around the world.
•
4. Definition of global health
. Global health is an area for study, research, and
practice that places a priority on improving health and
achieving equity in health for all 2008))people
worldwide.
5. Differences between Global health and Public Health
Global health
public health
Scope global health is concerned with health issues
that transcend national boundaries and affect people
worldwide.
Scope Public health focuses on the health of
populations within a specific geographic area.
Approach: global health interventions aim to address
broader health and development issues that affect
multiple populations.
Approach: Public health interventions are typically
designed to address specific health problems within a
community or population,
Priorities: global health priorities are shaped by the
needs of developing countries and marginalized
populations.
Priorities: Public health priorities are often driven by
local or national health need.
6. Global health
public health
Partnerships: global health partnerships may involve
international organisations, governments.
Partnerships: Public health partnerships often involve
collaboration between local health authorities and
community organisations.
Funding: global health interventions may rely on
international aid and development assistance.
Funding: Public health interventions are often funded
through local or national health budgets.
Differences between Global health and Public Health
7. Major global health problems
Non-Communicable Diseases
Communicable Disease
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) – mainly
cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers and chronic
respiratory diseases – are the leading cause of death
worldwide.
chronic diseases
Non- communicable diseases are the cause of some
million deaths/ year as type2 diabetes mellitus,
cardiovascular condition and heart disease and cancer
Cardiovascular disease:
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Coronary heart disease: Disease of the blood vessels
supplying the heart muscle.
Cerebrovascular disease (Stroke) : Disease of the blood
vessels supplying the brain
Communicable diseases, including HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis
(TB), malaria, viral hepatitis, sexually transmitted infections
and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), are among the
leading causes of death and disability in low-income
countries and marginalized populations.
HIV/AIDS
: Human immunodeficiency virus is transmitted
through unprotected sex, unclean needles, blood
transfusions and from mother to child during birth .
HIV spread through sexual intercourse the infection
damage the immune system, leading to acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) and death .
8. Non-Communicable Diseases
Communicable Disease
-diabetis melitus
It is carbohydrates metabolic disorder of characterized
by impaired ability of the body to produce or respond
to insulin and thereby maintain normal levels of blood
glucose.
MALARIA
Is the mosquito-borne infectious disease caused
by the parasites symptoms may include fever,
headaches ,chills and nausea.
Each year, there are 500 million cases of malaria
worldwide . Most commonly among child and
pregnant women in developing countries
Respiratory infections
Infectious of respiratory tract and middle ear are
major causes of morbidity and mortality
worldwide . As measles, influenza and
pneumonia.
Major global health problems
9. Scope of Global Health
1. Environmental Health National
2. Disasters
3. War and Complex Emergencies
4. Global Population
5. Communicable Disease
6. Non-Communicable Disease
7. Nutrition and Food Systems Unintentional Injuries
8. Disability - Mental Health
10. • the following issues are expected to be major source of morbidity and
mortality
• Ischemic heart disease Unipolar
• major depression
• Road traffic accidents
• Cerebra-vascular disease (stoke)
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Lower respiratory infections
Predictions of the Leading Causes of Diseases
or Injury Worldwide.
11. Prominent global health issues
• Economic disparities and access to health care
Despite relentless progress in the field of medicine, communities across
the world still lack access to basic health education and health care. This
results in health disparities, such as high infant mortality rates, which
are often related to geography
12. • Pandemics
the World Health Organisation, pandemics are defined as
global disease outbreaks. Examples of pandemics include
certain influenza outbreaks, COVID-19, and other viral threats
that reflect our vulnerability to widespread diseases—many of
which originate in anima
13. • Political Factors
adequate access to health care is exacerbated when
international politics enter the mix. As conflicts within or
between nations destroy critical infrastructure, average citizens
become more vulnerable to diseases. This leads them to seek
opportunities to flee the dangerous situations that threaten their
well-beings.
14. Migration
can allow illnesses to quickly spread, but organizations like the WHO
stress that solutions should aim to improve refugee and migrant health
through efforts like organizing across borders to endorse policies that
bridge short-term humanitarian crisis responses with long-term health
care access improvements.
15. • Non communicable diseases
Heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, and other
noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) account for 71 percent of
all deaths worldwide, according to the WHO
16. Determinants of Health
1. Culture
2. Environmental factors
3. Lifestyle choices
4. Age
5. Work conditions
6. Education
7. Access to health services
8. Income status
9. Geographical location
17. Issues faced global health in Egypt and all
over theworld and how to solve it
•• The Egyptian health system faces multiple challenges in improving
and ensuring the health and wellbeing of the Egyptian people. The
system faces not only the burden of combating illnesses associated
with poverty and lack of education, but it must also respond to
emerging diseases and illnesses associated with modern, urban
lifestyle.
18. • Environmental factors
How can air pollution and climate change affect the health of the human
population? In most cases, the answer lies in water sources and sanitation.
Storms, flooding, droughts, and air pollution make it easier for diseases to
spread across large groups of people. The immediate solution is to provide
resources like bottled water and sanitation technology, but global health must
also focus on the prevention
19. • Pollution
• The air in Egypt is very thick, grey and there is a haze over Cairo.
Furthermore, other forms of air pollution in a carbon monoxide (CO)
in streets, due to the excess amount of cars' exhaust and factories
pollutants. the risk of developing serious respiratory diseases
and cancer as well as cardiovascular disease from inhaling
particulates in the air (dust and soot, hydrocarbons, and heavy metal
compounds) is: 2 people for every 1000.
20. • How to solve:-
• The most basic solution for air pollution is to move away from fossil
fuels,
• replacing them with alternative energies like solar, wind .
• Producing clean energy is crucial. But equally important is to reduce
our consumption of energy by adopting responsible habits and using
more efficient devices.
• Conduct regular maintenance check on the condition and routing of
the drainage system and repair any drainage defects immediately
21. • Keep an updated drainage plan in management office
• Check the drainage plan before carrying out of drainage works to
ensure correct drainage route
• Conduct dye-tracing tests to confirm drainage routes
• Use color code to help identify and distinguish stormwater drainage
system (e.g. manhole, exposed pipes and channel) from foul water
system
•
22. quality of healthcare services
• One of the biggest problems facing Egyptians has always been the
quality of healthcare services. Given the country’s low-middle income
status (based on World Bank classifications) and a population nearing
110 million, the government has long struggled to ensure top-tier,
affordable healthcare.
•
To improve healthcare services and increase medical investment, the
Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) has increased spending by
15% in fiscal year 2023-2024 compared to the previous year.
Additionally, the ministry is collaborating with other countries to
advance the sector and launching new national health campaigns.
23. Overweight and Obesity
• Being overweight or obese increases your chances of dying from
hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder
disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, dyslipidemia
and endometrial, breast, prostate, and colon cancers.
• How to solve
• The best way to treat obesity:-provide health education programs to
individuals , families , and community about eating healthy, reduced-
calorie diet and exercise regularly. eating a balanced, calorie-controlled
diet as recommended or weight loss management health professional
(such as a dietitian) join a local weight loss group.
•
.
24. Tobacco and Substance Abuse
• Tobacco is the single greatest preventable cause of illness and
premature death in Egypt. Tobacco use is now called "Tobacco
dependence disease." The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) says that smokers who try to quit are more successful when
they have the support of their physician
• Substance abuse usually means drugs and alcohol. These are two
areas we don't often associate with seniors, like young people, may
self-medicate using legal and illegal drugs and alcohol, which can lead
to serious health consequences.
25. • How to solve:-
• Free treatment services vary between follow-up calls on cases and
calls for advice provided by centers in 14 governorates
• The Fund provides counseling services to families on early detection
mechanisms and how to deal with urgent cases.
• Treatment services further include psychological support, and medical
services, as well as rehabilitation and relapse prevention programs.
• Increase awareness of the community about harmful of Tobacco and
Substance Abuse
26. • Monitor tobacco use and prevention policies.
• P: Protect people from tobacco smoke.
• O: Offer help to quit smoking.
• W: Warn about the dangers of tobacco.
• E: Enforce bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship.
• R: Raise taxes on tobacco.
•
27. Role of the nurse in global community
Nurse act as Cliniciacal role or direct care provider:
1- Nurses have played an essential role in the global
community in prevention service and in extending health care
2- The nurses focus on providing care for population through health
promotion of disability and diseases and treatmewell-being of people
in the community and prevention of chronic conditions.
28. • Managerial role:
• a manager the nurse exercises administrative direction towards the
accomplishment of specified goals by assessing population’s needs,
planning and organizing to meet those reeds, directing and
controlling and evaluating the progress to assure that goals are met.
Role of the nurse in global community
29. Leader role
• The nurse are becoming increasingly active in the leader role as a
leader , the nurse instructs , influences or persuades others to effect
change that will positively affect population ’s health the leader ship
role’s primary function is to useful change of health policy based on
community people health’s thus , the community health nurse
become an agent of change.
Role of the nurse in global community
30. • Case management
is the process by which services are organized and coordinated to meet
client needs.
Teaching and counseling
are also essential responsibilities of the community health nurse in working
with Clients and families often require teaching related to the disease
processes being experienced, management of symptoms,, medications, diet,
normal health promotion activities, and recommendations for health
screening.
. nurses have also significantly contributed to solving specific health
problems both locally and globally
Role of the nurse in global community
31. Counseling
includes the provision of family and caregiver assistance ,
improvement of interpersonal communication between family
members.
Collaborator
Collaboration involves working together with others to meet a common
goal.
On a broader scale, the community health nurse may collaborate with
local and state governments to provide more comprehensive services
for older adults.
Role of the nurse in global community
32. Advocacy :
• Key elements of the advocacy role include sensitivity to the needs of
the client and family, a broad knowledge base of:
• available community resources and supports,
• the ability to communicate a professional assessment of client and
family
• Help disaster preparedness and emergency response, health policy,
advocacy, and legislation.
Role of the nurse in global community
33. • Clarify and interpret :
• The nurse clarify and interpret data related to diagnosis , treatment
and prognosis of the condition to the patient and his family in all
setting .
• Health educater
• Provide health education , knowledge, and skills that differ
substantially from those required in traditional nursing
Role of the nurse in global community
34. • Environment specialist :
• The nurse consults with families and other health care professionals to
modify the environment .
• Provide health for all in a cost effective, efficient, accessible health care
system
• Researcher role:
• In the researcher role : nurse engage in systematic investigation , collection
and analysis of data for the purpose of solving problems and enhancing
nursing practice based on the research result community nurse improve
their services quality and improve population health.
Role of the nurse in global community
