Implementasi dan Strategi Surveilans Penyakit dalam Sistem Informasi Kesehatan, untuk menunjang Perencanaan dan Kebijakan Pelayanan Kesehatan

1. Fahmi Hakam, S.KM., MPH.
Health Information and
Surveillance

2. WHO bulletin special issue 2005:83

3. Health information
system domains
■ health determinants
– socioeconomic, environmental behavioural and genetic factors
■ inputs to the health system and related processes
– policy, health infrastructure, facilities and equipment, costs,
human and financial resources and health information systems
■ the performance or outputs of the health system
– availability, quality and use of health information and services
■ health outcomes
– mortality, morbidity, disability, well-being, disease outbreaks
and health status
■ health inequities in determinants
– coverage and use of services, and outcomes

4. Health information data
sources
censuses
Civil
registration
Population
surveys
Individual
records
Service
records
Resource
records
Surveillance
Institution-basedPopulation-based

5. Essential sources of health-
related information
■ Census
■ Vital registration (births and deaths registration)
■ Survey
■ Institution-based data (hospitals, primary health
centers)
■ Surveillance program

6. surveillance
■ Surveillance is the ongoing, systematic
collection, analysis, interpretation, and
dissemination of data regarding a
health-related event for use in public
health action to reduce morbidity and
mortality and to improve health
(Center for Disease Control and Prevention/CDC)

7. Conceptual framework of public health surveillance and action
McNabb et al. BMC Public Health 2002 2:2 doi:10.1186/1471-
2458-2-2

8. Epidemic
response
Health Policy
Disease
control
Incidence data Administrative data
Resource
allocation
Health IndicatorsEarly warning information
Response/Action
Epidemic intelligence Health status monitoring
Disease monitoring Health system monitoring

9. Data information
knowledge model
■ Data: is a collection of facts, such
as values or measurements
■ Information: data that are
processed to be useful; provides
answers to "who", "what",
"where", and "when" questions
■ Knowledge: application of data
and information; answers "how"
questions

10. Source: Adapted from Bellinger, G. Knowledge Management and the Minnesota Department of Health
Health
Communities

11. Data rich but information poor

12. Transforming data into information and evidence (WHO)

13. Why use information
technology for surveillance?
■ Improve quality (Completeness,
Correctness, Timeliness)
■ Facilitate the use of standard (ICD-
10, ICD-9CM, ICPC)
• Maintain security and privacy
• Easier to transform data into
information
Pinner (1998); Savel and Foldy (2012)

14. Modem GSM
Dinas
Kesehatan
Jumantik
Dan petugas
surveilans
(Larvae Tracker)
Analisis & Interpretasi
Feedback Output
Puskesmas

18. Purpose and use of
surveillance
■ Detect epidemics
■ Evaluate control measures
■ Portray natural history of diseases
■ Monitor changes in infectious agent
■ Facilitate planning
■ Generate hypothesis and stimulate research

19. Estimate magnitude of the program !
Source: anis fuad

20. Dengue cases in Yogyakarta
Portray natural history of a disease !

21. Monitor changes in infectious agents !
Percentage of Nosocomial
Enterococci Reported as Resistant
to Vancomycin in ICU and non ICUs

22. Detect changes in health practice !
Cesarean Deliveries as a Percentage
of all Deliveries in US Hospitals

23. Facilitate planning !
Number of Reported
Tuberculosis Cases

24. Framework for outbreak detection
Adapted from Buckeridge (2007)
Data
Collection
Case
detection
Outbreak
detection
Public
health
Action
• Data sources
• Sampling
frame, method,
frequency
• Case definition
• Case
classification
• Algorithm
• Threshold
• Analysis
frequency
• Interpretation
of analysis
• Investigation
• response
Baseline
cases
- Incidence
- Variation/
shape
Outbreak
cases
- Incidence
- Variation/
shape
- Timing
onset

25. Source: WHO

26. SELESAI
http://fahmi-hakam.blogspot.co.id/
https://www.slideshare.net/FahmiHakam
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fahmi_Hakam2