Health Impacts of Oil and Natural Gas (and what we can do about it)
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presentation for medical students about health impacts of air pollution from oil and gas through their lifecycle, proposed EPA oil and gas methane rule, and clean air advocacy
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Health Impacts of Oil and Natural Gas (and what we can do about it)
- 1. It's And what we can do about it Health Impacts of Oil and Natural Gas
- 3. WHICH IS WORSE? GLOBAL IMPACT 300,000 deaths/ year 3.7 million deaths/year 200,000 deaths/ year in US
- 4. 6 cities with the worst air in the US Fresno-Madera Los Angeles-Long Beach Visalia-Porterville-Hanford Bakersfield Modesto Sacramento-Roseville American Lung Association, State of the Air 2014
- 5. 8 HOUR OZONE LEVELS Red dots = Prior non attainment > 75 ppb Brown dots = New non attainment > 70 ppb
- 7. Exposure
- 8. Ozone
- 9. Relative O3 exposure and pediatric hospitalization for asthma
- 12. Kunzli, 2005 Carotid thickening and fine particulate exposure in LA
- 13. 10/08/15 Visceral fat is an endocrine organ The Lancet 2011 378, DOI: (10.1016/S0140-6736(1)
- 14. Relative risk (RR) of type 2 diabetes by waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) relative to baseline BMI (in kg/m2). n = 27 270. Youfa Wang et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:555-563 ©2005 by American Society for Nutrition
- 16. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Risk of obesity at 5yrs 7 yrs Fresno, CA FACES Study PAH exposure Methylated FoxP3 gene Decreased T cell regulation Increased asthma risk and severity
- 17. Neurodevelopmental Toxicity Doubles RR of Autism and Special Ed
- 18. Refineries High emissions near large populations Bay Area refinery air pollution
- 19. Transport
- 20. Oil by Rail Accidents 2013- 2015
- 21. OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
- 22. What goes down.... CA Fracking Study 300 chemicals 30% unidentified 30% of the identified: toxicity unknown Of the known: “petroleum distillates” benzene, ethylbenzene, napthalene, formaldehyde Conventional drilling also uses chemicals
- 23. What else comes up Not just fracking Methane (CH4) Other Hydrocarbons (Ethane (C2H6) Propane (C3H8) Butane (C4H10) Nitrogen (N2) Hydrogen sulfide H2S VOCs: Benzene, Toluene, Ethylene, Xylene Produced Water NORM: Radium 226 & 228, Lead 210, Radon 222 Heavy Metals: Arsenic (Ar) Lead (Pb)
- 24. What could possibly go wrong? lnflammatory Agents Carcinogens Teratogens Neurotoxins Endocrine Disruptors
- 25. How it gets out
- 28. HYDROGEN SULFIDE BENZENE (Macey, 2014)
- 33. SHORT LIVED – HIGH WARMING O & G Emissions METHANE NITROUS OXIDE BLACK CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE* *for comparison Life 20 yr GWP 12 years 84 114 years 289 days-weeks 3,200 200-10,000 1 years
- 35. BOTTOM UP METHOD: METHANE
- 36. TOP DOWN METHOD: METHANE
- 38. ENV REG 101 EPA Clean Air and Water Acts 1) Air and water standards for criteria pollutants 2) Technology requirements for major sources NEPA Environmental impact review in federal permitting
- 39. Oil and Gas Loopholes Piecemeal permits Categorical exclusion from NEPA
- 40. Oil and Gas Loopholes Piecemeal permitting Categorical exclusion from NEPA
- 41. EPA's Methane and VOC proposed rules for new sources Equipment with lower emissions Collect and use instead of venting and flaring Inspections for leaks Defines aggregation as within quarter mile
- 42. PROBLEMS Leaves out major sources – Existing – Piecemeal loophole – Liquid unloading Inspections q 6-12 months, allows skips No measurements beyond plant
- 43. Potential Methane Reductions from O & G Projected Reduction from EPA Rules = 5%
- 44. OUR COMMENT LETTER MAIN POINTS Cover all significant sources – Existing – Connected – Liquid unloading Minimum of quarterly inspections Top down and fenceline measurements
- 45. Who should you ask to sign? Students Nurses Doctors Public Health Mental Health Respiratory Therapists Other health care workers
- 46. to climate911.org oose Action of the Month from left hand menu
- 49. Support healthy climate policy climate911.org
Editor's Notes
- 143 million Americans 45% of US Pop in non attainment areas, about to go up.
- AIR POLLUTION CAUSES 200,000 DEATHS/YEAR
- How much your health is affected depends on where you live. Fracking causes air pollution which is just as bad as air pollutioin in SoCal with the addition of carcinogens like benzene. Babies born to mothers who breathe it have higher rates of heart defects. The closer you live to fossil fuel at any point in its life cycle the higher your risk of exposure
- Arteries narrow twice as fast if one lives near a freeway, begins in childhood. .
- Volumetric measurement of abdominal fat by use of multidetector CT Patients A and B present with the same waist circumference (WC), but the visceral fat volume is nearly twice as high in patient A as in patient B. BMI=body-mass index. VAT=visceral adipose tissue.
- Relative risk (RR) of type 2 diabetes by waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) relative to baseline BMI (in kg/m2). n = 27 270. Age, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and cereal fiber intake measured during the follow-up were adjusted for in Cox models. 95% CIs are provided in parentheses. **There were too few people in the category to allow for the estimate of RR.
- Maternal PAH more than doubles: autism, obesity at age 7, special ed Also associated with smaller head size at birth and developmental disabilities
- 95 percent of new wells drilled today are hydraulically fractured, accounting for more than 43 percent of total U.S. oil production and 67 percent of natural gas production.
- Study in Garfield County CO Air monitoring 1 page with known toxicity- cancer risk above epa acceptable 4 pages with unknown toxicity, high % of samples + Study in rural OH found PAH exposures above epa limits
- CO front range: Tower at Boulder, nightime VOCs 4-9x higher than urban. 55% of Contribution to Denver ozone
- Overflights Barnett Shale, 3-4 times higher than producers report to GHG Inventory. Some oil fields 5-10 times more than others.
- As much as a degree difference by mid-century