Dr. Y misdiagnosed and overprescribed medication to patient X, which led to their death from a heart attack. This was a case of medical malpractice and unintentional tort. As a healthcare ethics consultant, I would provide training to Dr. Y on the four principles of healthcare ethics: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Training should cover informed consent, doing what is best for the patient, avoiding harm, and fairness. The goal is to prevent future ethical violations and protect patient safety.
The dilemma to use drugs for treatment as the standard for care creates problems for drug side effects that cause harm and death of patients.
The problem of the drug side effects and prescription errors kill more patients, according to Lazarus et al (1998), an "estimated of 106,000 deaths occur annually due to adverse drug side effects" for standard of care for "practicing medicine".
In the case of prescription drug, the ethical issue is standard of care for treatment, and is complicated because of adverse drug effect.
The dilemma for standard of care by drugs is the problem for unexpected adverse reaction to drug that harms patients for medical law, ethics, and bioethics.
The standard of care for practicing medicine is a drug for a treatment can never be about ethics between a doctor and a patient.
To think health care coverage for vaccination and immunization is standard of care for introducing virus, bacteria and toxin cause sickness for practicing medicine (use of drugs) for treatment.
There are no medical ethics that said 'to treat patients right by giving advice' instead, the standard of care is prescribing drugs with side effect is practicing medicine "drug" for compliance with treatment that cannot apply to the doctrine "to do no harm".
According "to the ethical guidance in the Era of managed Care" by Higgins & Hackett (2000), an analysis of the American College of Healthcare Executives' (ACHE) Code of ethics suggests, "the managed care revolution undermining the medical ethics and that it does not adequately address several ethical concerns." Bioethics is the study of life, moral and ethical issues for debate as it relates to medical policy and practice that were appropriate for legal standard and standard of care, which can arise from the relationship between biology, technology, medicine, politics, law and philosophy, especially in the application for life and reproduction such as the recent event about plan parenthood.
Without a change to the current system for standard of care of practicing medicine by diagnose diseases to prescribe drugs for treatment for health care coverage, the answer is no.
A system of moral principles that apply values and judgments to the practice of medicine
MCI amended their guidelines of professional conduct, etiquette and ethics for the Doctors
This powerpoint covers the topics that pertain to the ethics of the medical fields and how they are used. We have provided articles, videos, and pictures for better understanding.
The dilemma to use drugs for treatment as the standard for care creates problems for drug side effects that cause harm and death of patients.
The problem of the drug side effects and prescription errors kill more patients, according to Lazarus et al (1998), an "estimated of 106,000 deaths occur annually due to adverse drug side effects" for standard of care for "practicing medicine".
In the case of prescription drug, the ethical issue is standard of care for treatment, and is complicated because of adverse drug effect.
The dilemma for standard of care by drugs is the problem for unexpected adverse reaction to drug that harms patients for medical law, ethics, and bioethics.
The standard of care for practicing medicine is a drug for a treatment can never be about ethics between a doctor and a patient.
To think health care coverage for vaccination and immunization is standard of care for introducing virus, bacteria and toxin cause sickness for practicing medicine (use of drugs) for treatment.
There are no medical ethics that said 'to treat patients right by giving advice' instead, the standard of care is prescribing drugs with side effect is practicing medicine "drug" for compliance with treatment that cannot apply to the doctrine "to do no harm".
According "to the ethical guidance in the Era of managed Care" by Higgins & Hackett (2000), an analysis of the American College of Healthcare Executives' (ACHE) Code of ethics suggests, "the managed care revolution undermining the medical ethics and that it does not adequately address several ethical concerns." Bioethics is the study of life, moral and ethical issues for debate as it relates to medical policy and practice that were appropriate for legal standard and standard of care, which can arise from the relationship between biology, technology, medicine, politics, law and philosophy, especially in the application for life and reproduction such as the recent event about plan parenthood.
Without a change to the current system for standard of care of practicing medicine by diagnose diseases to prescribe drugs for treatment for health care coverage, the answer is no.
A system of moral principles that apply values and judgments to the practice of medicine
MCI amended their guidelines of professional conduct, etiquette and ethics for the Doctors
This powerpoint covers the topics that pertain to the ethics of the medical fields and how they are used. We have provided articles, videos, and pictures for better understanding.
The presentation explains the principles of medical ethics and describes important terms on the subject. Brief descriptions of codes of medical ethics are covered but for details actual documents may be referred.
Malaysian medical council's code of professional conduct & guidelines 1David Quek
Medical professionalism and ethics of medical information dissemination, what is permitted and what is not. Grey areas abound but care must be taken to ensure that the physician does not run foul of the Code of Professional Conduct of the Malaysian Medical Council (MMC), although some of the restrictions may be modified and relaxed over the next few months. Advertising in discount sites are prohibited as this is usually tantamount to fee-splitting frowned upon by almost all medical boards. Gross infringement of these guidelines might lead to MMC sanctions which include suspension or removal of rights to practice. Different nation's medical boards have different constrictions of medical advertisement, some of these are compared with our own local MMC.
Ethical Issues in Obtaining Informed Consent.pptxAhmed Mshari
Medical ethics is a set of moral principles, beliefs and values that guide decisions about patient care.
It is an integral part of good medical practice.
The health care professional uses knowledge, experience, and judgment and considers the ethical principles to make decisions on management recommendations.
The presentation explains the principles of medical ethics and describes important terms on the subject. Brief descriptions of codes of medical ethics are covered but for details actual documents may be referred.
Malaysian medical council's code of professional conduct & guidelines 1David Quek
Medical professionalism and ethics of medical information dissemination, what is permitted and what is not. Grey areas abound but care must be taken to ensure that the physician does not run foul of the Code of Professional Conduct of the Malaysian Medical Council (MMC), although some of the restrictions may be modified and relaxed over the next few months. Advertising in discount sites are prohibited as this is usually tantamount to fee-splitting frowned upon by almost all medical boards. Gross infringement of these guidelines might lead to MMC sanctions which include suspension or removal of rights to practice. Different nation's medical boards have different constrictions of medical advertisement, some of these are compared with our own local MMC.
Ethical Issues in Obtaining Informed Consent.pptxAhmed Mshari
Medical ethics is a set of moral principles, beliefs and values that guide decisions about patient care.
It is an integral part of good medical practice.
The health care professional uses knowledge, experience, and judgment and considers the ethical principles to make decisions on management recommendations.
Medical Ethics is what every physician and healthcare worker should know. We need to understand Ethics and its application in various cultures, societies and its changes according to norms and values. Once society will be given health education regarding Medical Ethics many issues can be resolved in a decent manner. It ultimately gives a very positive impression of all the actions which a healthcare worker performs otherwise at times seems inappropriate by society. This is not for the sake of healthcare worker or for the patients it is primarily for the whole community.
What are the rights of patient? role of ethical committee and parameters of a physician all need to be addressed properly.
Resources for Week 2 HLTH440 from M.U.S.E. My Unique Student Expe.docxronak56
Resources for Week 2 HLTH440 from: M.U.S.E. My Unique Student Experience Registered Trademark CEC 2013. All Rights Reserved.
The Basis for Health Care Ethics
What is Ethics?Ethics is what you believe is right or wrong. It is a moral philosophy that seeks to help the individual distinguish between good and bad as defined by one's culture. Ethics guides individuals and groups in their decisions about health care and other matters. Ethics helps the individual and group set boundaries.
Health care ethics is based on the law, professional codes of ethics, standards of care, and institutional policies and practices (corporate law).
Codes of EthicsCodes of ethics or codes of conduct are lists of standards or guides that provide an ethical framework for practice within a profession. Physicians are bound by the Hippocratic oath, but nursing has its own code of ethics. All health professions have a code of ethics.
It is axiomatic that the practice of health care presents moral and ethical dilemmas, because it deals with human beings and life-altering circumstances.
Health care financing presents broader moral dilemmas in the allocation of scarce resources. The conflict exists between the inherent values, duties, and obligations in caring for patients and the availability of resources to treat them.
The depth or content of a code of ethics is dependent on the type of contact that the health care professional has with a patient.
Ethical Theories
A number of ethical frameworks or theories are used to make decisions in health care and, in general, to set boundaries for expected behavior. The theories are used to determine what is fair or unfair. The following are several ethical frameworks:
Normative ethics: The ethical theory that describes how things ought to be.
Teleological theory: Also known as consequentialist theory, which believes that the best action in any situation is the one that promotes the greatest happiness for the largest number of people. In health care financing, this would fall under the rubric of cost containment by calculating the net benefits verses the consequences.
Utilitarianism: This is Mill’s definition of morality, which is the practical ethics of judgment: What is the greatest good that will benefit the greatest number of people? Medicare falls under this rubric.
Deontological theory: What one should or must do based on the obligations and duties of one’s life. This theory focuses on means, whereas teleological theory focuses on ends.
Virtue ethics: This is the ethics of care as a part of virtue ethics; virtue ethics is a form of normative ethics, which emphasizes the character of the interaction between the health care provider and the patient. This is the opposite of the emphasis on rules or consequences in other moral theories. Health care virtues include compassion, conscientiousness, cooperativeness, discernment, honesty, trustworthiness, truth telling, integrity, kindness, respect, and commitment.
Situational ...
False accusation of plagiarism by professor discriminationModupe Sarratt
Unforgettable higher education injustice
I considered the accusation of plagiarism is an unforgettable injustice to any foreign origin as well as the lack of career readiness for job placement as an injustice to the college graduates.
In my experience of false accusation of plagiarism is by discrimination due to my national origin as foreign students to share my experience in English class. In all my endeavors I am proud of myself for working hard to earn an “A” for grade is what I cherished to go forward to do better because I was lucky that the plagiarism accusation is discrimination for demotion or reduction of my grade from A to D to end up with an associate degree in medical assisting with GPA 3.15. As a result of the experience, I took the opportunity to prove myself with pursuing a bachelor degree in psychology to take college writing for researching with GPA 3.25 in Psychology. Then progress to earn my master degree in healthcare administration with GPA 3.75
Although I love Anne Arundel College, however, the experiences of false accusation of plagiarisms feel as discrimination to hamper/hinder my progress for higher education. I do wish that the rule or the policy is being evaluated to be fair so that some student will not feel as if they are the target for plagiarism due to their national origin.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
3. CASE SCENARIO
On July 15,2013, patient X started experiencing dizzy spells and sought the care of
his New physician Dr. Y.
On July 15,2013, Dr. Y diagnosed patient X with Swan Syndrome and informed him
that the standard course of treatment would consist of taking Pentamite for three
weeks.
Dr. Y made sure to discuss with the patient all the risks and benefits of the
medication. After Dr. Y was done discussing the medication, the patient consented to
taking the medication according to Dr. Y orders.
The medication dosage instructions from the manufacturer stated to take one tablet a
day for three weeks.
.
4. ETHICAL VIOLATION
Dr. Y misread the instructions and ordered Patient to take ten tablets of
Pentamite once a day for three weeks. These instructions were giving orally and
in writing.
Patient followed the instructions given by the doctor and at the end of his
second week he died due to a heart attack.
The people who are affected by this would be:
The patient’s family and Dr. Y’s family was both affected. Dr. Y prescribed the
wrong medication dosage which lead to the death of patient X.
Dr. Y is affected because she was the cause of a death due to medication
negligent.
5. LEGALASSESSMENT
This is a case of unintentional torts medical malpractice. Since the doctor failed
in her duty to prescribe the correct medication dosage which was printed on the
drug manufacturer’s warning label. So, responsibility for the death lies with the
physician – not the drug manufacturer or Littleville Family Health Plan.
The patient’s wife would have to prove that Dr. Y was negligent in prescribing
the medication. The elements that need to be proven for his wife to win the
lawsuit would be as follow:
• What the medical standard of care was under the circumstances
• How his doctor deviated from that standard
• How his death was due to being prescribed the wrong dosage.
6. ETHICALASSESSMENT
Health care ethics is a set of moral principles, beliefs and values that guide us in
making choices about medical care. So, in other words, healthcare ethics is
about our moral compass, our sense of right and wrong and our beliefs about the
rights we possess along with the duties we might owe other people (Aronson, J.
K., 2009).
The ethical principle that is involved with this case would be autonomy,
beneficence, and non-maleficence.
7.
8. There are many dilemmas that can arise during healthcare crises which can be
difficult to analyze for ethics. Petrini (2017) states that there are four references
that can be utilize:
1) medical indication,
2) patient preference,
3) quality of life, and
4) contextual features.
Ethics has to do with….
A set of concepts and principles that guide us in determining what behavior is right
and wrong in a situation.
• It should not be confused social conventions, religious beliefs or our own personal
“feelings” unless we can show how they are related to a clearly set of defendable
actions beyond a reasonable, that the action is appropriate to the situation.
Leaders must have a very clear set of ethical principles for them to be able to do the
right thing at the right time for the right reasons
9. Why is healthcare ethics important?
To meet patient expectations
To address the community's health needs
To enhance the quality of care
To foster professionalism
To enhance the organization's culture
To improve staff morale and performance
To enhance marketing and public relations
To enhance organization's compliance to regulatory standards
To decrease the impact of ethics conflicts on patients, families, staff, and
organization (Nelson, n.d.).
10. Purpose of Healthcare Ethics
• To address the emergence of a growing array of ethical dilemmas associated
with medical procedure, treatment, and the increasing use of health
information technology for patient health data breaching.
• To protect patients confidentiality, privacy, and security while maintaining
the transparency for coordination of services.
• To stop data breaching that rises from expedient exposure of patient m
protective medical and health record
• To enhance resolving ethical problems or issues by individual cases as well as
the ethical healthcare policies at the institutional level.
11. TRAINING IN HEALTHCARE ETHICS
What Is Healthcare Ethics?
Health care ethics (a/k/a "medical" ethics or "bioethics"), at its simplest, is a set
of moral principles, beliefs and values that guide us in making choices about
medical care.
At the core of health care ethics is our sense of right and wrong and our beliefs
about rights we possess and duties we owe others.
Thinking carefully about the ethical aspects of health care decisions helps us
make choices that are right, good, fair and just (Nelson, n.d.)
12. Two ethics that guide healthcare
The two most important ethical systems to healthcare managers are:
1. Professional ethics: is the standards of ethical behavior governing
individual behavior, particularly when that conduct directly relates to the
role and identity of the healthcare executives
2. Clinical ethics: is the basic principles guiding the practice of medicine.
They are the rules that all healthcare providers must follow to practice
“ethically appropriate” care.
.
13. The Four Principles of
Healthcare Ethics in Medicine
1) Autonomy
2) Beneficence
3) Non-maleficence
4) Justice
14. AUTONOMY
Autonomy refers to the capacity to think, decide and act on one's own free
initiative.
• Patients should be given enough information to come to their own decision
regarding their care.
• We also need to respect a competent adult making the “wrong” decision.
• Honor the patients wishes for directive care to make their own decisions
15. Example of Autonomy is Patient Informed Consent
No medical intervention done for any purpose - whether diagnostic,
investigational, cosmetic, palliative, or therapeutic - should take place unless
the patient has consented to it.
Consent may be expressed or implied; the former (e.g., via a signed consent
form) typically occurs in hospitals and relates to specific procedures. For
routine procedures such as a blood pressure check, consent may be implied if
the patient comes voluntarily to the doctor’s office for a check-up.
For consent to be ‘informed’ the patient must receive a full description of the
procedure, its risks and benefits, the prognosis with and without treatment,
and alternative treatments.
16. Beneficence
Beneficence refers to what is best for the patient.
Beneficence implies consideration of the patient's pain; their physical and mental
suffering; the risk of disability and death; and their quality of life.
At times, beneficence can imply not intervening, if the benefit of therapy would
be minimal.
To be generous or doing good
17. Non-maleficence
• Means Do no harm to a patient, either intentionally or indirectly
• Is the moral principle in bioethics that all students are taught in school about
using humans in clinical research and it is a fundamental principle of
medicine throughout the world
• the moral promise to abstain from doing harm.
• Non-maleficence is the physician moral to gauge whether given an existing
problem, it may be better not to do something, or even to do nothing, than to
risk causing more harm than good.
18. Non-maleficence Core Value
Non-maleficence is the moral conscience that one considers in violating
professional obligation, organization policy, and the medical ethical standard for
practicing medicine.
Non-maleficence is a reminder in health care and medical care that the
healthcare professionals and providers must consider the possible harm that any
intervention might do.
It can be use to invoked when debating the use of intervention that carries an
obvious risk of harm or a less chance of benefit.
19. Justice
Justice in principle: Equal access for equal treatment. To dictates that patients in
similar situations should have access to the same care, and in allocating
resources to one group should be the same measure that impact the choice on
others.
Justice in fairness: Patient should be treated with respects and dignity.
Healthcare providers will make fair decision to emphasizes that patients are
treated equally and that healthcare services is accessible to all patients.
20. The fundamental objectives of the healthcare management profession are to
maintain or enhance the overall quality of life, dignity and well-being of every
individual needing healthcare service and to create a more equitable, accessible,
effective and efficient healthcare system. Dilemmas/Conflicts are often resolve
because of the guidelines provided in the codes of ethics of medical associations
or healthcare institutions, ethics training and implementation of ethical decision-
making model.
21. According to Beauchamp and Childress (2001) and Gillon (1994), the role of
ethics in healthcare industry is based on five basic values that all healthcare
providers must adhere:
Autonomy: Decision making may be different, and healthcare providers
must respect their patients’ decisions.
Beneficence: The best interest of the patient should always be the first
priority of the healthcare provider.
Non-maleficence: Meaning the healthcare provider will not take any actions
to harm the patients.
Justice/fairness: Healthcare providers will make fair decision to emphasizes
that patients are treated equally and that healthcare services is accessible to
all patients.
Dignity/respect: Respect patient directiveness and directedness for how they
want to be treated should be honor and respects .
22. Justice is related principle concerns confidentiality
Confidentiality forms a cornerstone of the doctor-patient relationship, but it is
increasingly hard to maintain with the growth of electronic data.
In order to protect the trust between the healthcare provider and patient, personal
medical information should not be released without the patient's consent.
Like other ethical duties, however, confidentiality is not absolute. It can be
necessary to override privacy in the interests of public health, as in contact
tracing for partners of a patient with a sexually transmitted disease.
Note that healthcare providers are legally obligated to report a possibly HIV
infected patient to the public health authorities. However, this should always be
done in a way that minimizes harm to the patient.
23. Questions for the Case
Do you believe that the physician's actions can be justified in any way?
Is there anything else that they could have done?
Is it ever right to take away someone's autonomy?
Would a court order make the physicians' decisions ethical?
What would you do if you were one of the health care workers?
How do we do the right thing as healthcare leaders?
25. References
Aronson, J. K. (2009). Medication errors: what they are, how they happen, and
how to avoid them. Qjm, 102(8), 513-521.
Beauchamp, T. & Childress, J. (2001). Principles of Biomedical Ethics (5th ed),
Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press
Gillon, R. (1994). Principles of medical ethics. British Medical Journal, 309;184
Nelson, W. (n.d.). Vermont Ethics Network.
http://www.vtethicsnetwork.org/ethics.html
Petrini, C. (2017). Bioethics of Clinical Applications of Stem cells.
International Journal Of Molecular Sciences, 18(4),
doi:10.3390/ijms18040814
Editor's Notes
The ETHICAL DILAMMA IN THE CASE
Is the two unrelated possibilities, neither of which is acceptable or preferable
Since not all situations for medical procedures or treatments require an informed consent it will be hard to prove that a signed consent could have saved John’s life.
Unfortunately, medication is one does not require an informed consent unless the medication is part of a drug study.
In a drug study such as a clinical trial require a consent for medical research under bioethics.
Ethical Principle as follows:
Autonomy because John Parker was given information regarding his condition and what would be recommended as a treatment plan. During this time, he could make his own decision.
Beneficence was picked because Dr. Green was striving to improve her patient’s health by doing the most good possible.
Non-maleficence addresses doing no harm to the patient. At the time when Dr. Green prescribed the medication, the benefit out weighted the risk.