This document discusses approaches to increase nutrient use efficiency in plants. It describes the uptake of water and nutrients by plants, including macro and micronutrients. The key roles of important macronutrients like nitrogen, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur are outlined. Mechanisms of nutrient uptake such as simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport are discussed. Components involved in nutrient uptake include ATPase, channel proteins, and cotransporters. The document also suggests ways to control nutrient uptake through genes and proposes using promoter genes to control aquaporins and increase nutrient use efficiency in plants.

1. BREEDING APPROCHES TO
INCREASE THE NUTRIENT
USE EFFICIENCY
SUBMITTED TO : DR. SHAFIQ
SUBMITTED BY : HARREM KHALID
IAGS, P.U, Lahore

2. INTRODUCTION
Plant uptake:
• Water uptake
• Nutrient uptake
Nutrients type:
• MICRO
• MACRO

3. ROLE OF IMPORTANT
NUTRIENTS IN PLANTS

4. MACRONUTRIENT ROLE
NITROGEN Nitrogen metabolism is the major factor in stem
and leaves growth.
MAGNESIUM Structural component of chlorophyll, Necessary for
functioning of enzyme to produce carbohydrates,
sugar and fats and for seed germination.
PHOSPHOROUS Component of ATP, nucleic acid, and coenzymes,
necessary for seed germination, photosynthesis,
protein formation etc.
POTASSIUM Regulates the opening and closing of stomata.
Reduce water loss from the leaves
SULPHUR Component of protein, vitamins and enzymes
CALCIUM Activates enzymes, it’s a structural component of
cell-wall, influences water movement in cells

5. MICRONUTRIENTS ROLE
Iron Necessary for photosynthesis, activates many
enzyme
Molybdenum Component of the enzyme that reduces nitrates to
ammonia, important in building amino-acids
Boron Important in sugar transport, cell division and
synthesizing certain enzymes
Copper Component of several enzymes
Manganese Involve in enzyme activity of photosynthesis,
respiration, and nitrogen metabolism
Zinc Require in large number of enzymes
Chloride Involves in osmosis of water
Nickel Required in a nitrogen metabolism

6. MECHANISM OF NUTRIENT
UPTAKE

7. i. Simple diffusion
ii. Facilitated diffusion
iii. Active transport

12. COMPONENTS FOR NUTRIENT UPTAKE
• ATPase
• Channel protein (Aquaporins)
• Cotransporters

13. COTRANSPORTERS

15. Mechanisms
• MECHANISM 1: High affinity uptake system
• MECHANSIM 2: Low affinity uptake system

16. REVERSE EFFECT OF NUTRIENTS
• SO2
4− affects NO3
–.
• K+ affects NH4
+

17. Problem in Pakistan

19. SUGGESTIONS

20. GENE CONTROLLINGS:
Gene Nutrient
• NRT1.1 and NIA1 genes
• Threonine (in case of LATs)
• NRT1 and NRT2 in plasma membrane level
NO3
– (Nitrogen) by CHL1 mRNA
• FRO2, FRO3 and FRO5 at root level
• FRO3 in vascular system
• FRO6 (only activated in light)
• IRT1 (major transporter in root, regulated by its
deficiency)
• Fe2+ and Fe3+
• FER mRNA
• PsFRO1mRNA responsible for less iron uptake
• IRT1 (major transporter) Zn, and Mn (zinc and manganese)
• nitrate reductase, sulfite oxidase, xanthine
dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase and amidoxime
reductase
• Molybdate (carrier protein)
Molybdenum
Require iron and copper for functioning
• (Mot1 and Mot2) Sulphate

21. Gene Nutrient
CorA-MRS2-ALR Mg
PSTOL1 Phosphorous
HKT1 Potassium
miR319 Gene Chloride
NikR and CbiMN transporter Nickel
NIP5,1 and 6.1 Boron

22. SUGGESTION
• Through promoter–β glucuronidase, we can transcript aquaporins
according to our desires

23. REFERENCES:
• http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/photosyn.htm
• http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/
• http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/132/2/958
• https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/837763.html
• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S01674889120004
7X
• http://jn.nutrition.org/content/133/5/1502S.long
• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S01674889120013
22

24. • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed
• http://www.scidev.net/global/biotechnology/news/phosphorus-
uptake-gene
• www.plantcell.org/content
• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles
• http://jb.asm.org/content/188/1/317