NVIDIA is working on tackling climate change through the development of digital twins of Earth using AI and high performance computing. They are collaborating with various partners on initiatives like Destination Earth, which envisions an interactive digital twin platform for modeling and simulation. NVIDIA technologies like Omniverse, AI, and upcoming CPUs like Grace could help make a fully realized digital twin a reality. This would allow researchers to better understand climate systems and explore different scenarios to help mitigate and adapt to climate change.

1. NVIDIA: TACKLING CLIMATE CHANGE
WITH DIGITAL TWINS OF THE EARTH
AI FOR GOOD: ACCELERATING CLIMATE SCIENCE WITH AI, OCT 6, 2021
David M. Hall, Senior Data Scientist, NVIDIA
Alison B. Lowndes, Senior Scientist, NVIDIA

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AGENDA
CLIMATE CHANGE
DIGITAL TWIN EARTH
RESEARCH COLLABORATIONS

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CHALLENGE: DRAMATIC RISE IN EXTREME WEATHER ACROSS THE GLOBE
FIRES FLOODS DROUGHT HEAT WAVES STORMS

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CAUSE: GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM HUMAN ACTIVITY

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SOLUTION: MASSIVE TECHNOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC REFORM.

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A RACE AGAINST TIME
With each degree of warming, damage will increase exponentially
https://wacotrib.com/weather/the-worst-climate-disasters-in-us-history/article_5dc043a9-82cd-5c7d-8dbd-8e605ee117c8.html

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HOW CAN WE HELP?
SCIENCE DIGITAL-TWINS INDUSTRY
Once government decides to act, its up to us to make it happen.

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Prediction Innovation Optimization
Modeling and simulation will be critical to this effort.
Feedback and control
Design
MODELING

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Wildfire Monitoring Search and Rescue Emission Detection
Observation and feedback will also play a major role
Data Assimilation
Storm Tracking
OBSERVATION

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A DIGITAL
TWIN EARTH

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MAJOR CLIMATE-MODELING INITIATIVES
Destination Earth AI2 Climate Model CLIMA LEAP
Destination Earth, VULCAN, CLIMA
Columbia University

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DESTINATION-EARTH
Intuitive User Interface What-if Q & A Storm-resolving Models Unified Observations
Project DestinE envisions what Earth-system modeling could be
Exascale Compute
https://visgallery.ucar.edu/global-weather-simulated-by-a-cloud-resolving-weather-prediction-model/
https://www.planet.com/gallery/

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DESTINATION-EARTH
Intuitive User Interface What-if Q & A Storm-resolving Models Unified Observations
NVIDIA has the technologies needed to make this vision a reality
Exascale Compute
https://visgallery.ucar.edu/global-weather-simulated-by-a-cloud-resolving-weather-prediction-model/
https://www.planet.com/gallery/
OMNIVERSE AI / SIMNET / FNO GPU Accel + Hardware OV NUCLEUS SERVER Superpod + Grace CPU

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OMNIVERSE FOR AN INTUITIVE INTERFACE
Omniverse Marbles Demo Omniverse Weather Demo
Interactive, Intuitive, Real-time, Flexible, Collaborative

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DATA-DRIVEN MODELS FOR INTERACTIVITY
Omniverse: Interactive Experience Data-Driven Models using AI, SimNet, and FNOs Earth Engines: Physics Based Predictions
Data driven models provide the speed and interactivity needed to explore what-if scenarios

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EARTH ENGINES PROVIDE THE DATA
Cloud resolving weather
and climate models
Physical models: floods, fires, glaciers,
tsunamis, storms
Dynamical models of power grids,
transportation networks, biology
Physics models are as important as ever, and more accurate simulations are needed.
http://phys.org/news/2015-12-ncar-wildland-colorado.html
https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/hazards/hab/east-coast.html

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NVIDIA’S GRACE CPU
An Arm GPU for Giant-Scale AI & HPC

18. HYPERSCALE CLIMATE MODELS ?
100 km 10 km 1 km
A cloud-resolving climate model will require 10 million times the performance
3000x 3000x

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MODEL COUPLING TO ANSWER WHAT-IF QUESTIONS
Climate Twin Weather Twin Powerplant Twin Electric Grid Model
Coupling fast data-driven models together enables us to explore their interactions.
http://www.jamstec.go.jp/gallery/e/simulation/weat
her/002.html
https://earth.nullschool.net/#current/wind/surface/level/over
lay=total_precipitable_water/orthographic=-
64.71,19.12,2322
https://www.esig.energy/wiki-main-page/simulating-solar-
power-plant-variability-a-review-of-current-methods/
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Overall-configuration-
of-electric-power-grid-modelling_fig2_311217737

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SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION
Reinforcement learning can be used to optimize the system design.
https://medium.com/ai³-theory-practice-business/reinforcement-learning-part-1-a-brief-introduction-a53a849771cf

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FEEDBACK AND CONTROL
Jetson Edge devices can help optimize systems in the production phase
https://www.emerson.com/resource/blob/wind-turbine-controller2-data-5466102.jpg

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COLLABORATION AND CONNECTIVITY
Web-Driven Omniverse Applications Omniverse Nucleus and Connectors Remote Models, Data, and Tools
A Closer Look at how Omniverse Might Facilitate Science
OMNIVERSE
NUCLEUS

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CLIMATE FOCUS AREAS
CLIMATE MODELING CLIMATE MITIGATION CLIMATE ADAPTATION CLIMATE MONITORING
Several questions naturally arise when considering climate change.
DISASTER RESPONSE CLIMATE JUSTICE CLIMATE ENGINEERING
What will happen next? How can we reduce the damage? How can we prepare? Can we track dangerous storms?
Can we improve our response? Can we help climate victims? Can we fix it?

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COLLABORATIONS

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MY COLLABORATIONS
Tackling Climate and Weather with Partners Across the Globe

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ATOS: FULL-MODEL EMULATION
Million:1 speedups of weather and climate simulations

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ATOS: WHOLE-MODEL EMULATION
Ensemble Prediction: Hurricane Florence Ensemble prediction, Surface Pressure
Large ensembles improve prediction of extremes

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ATOS: WHOLE-MODEL EMULATION
Toward full resolution: overcoming training-data limitations
https://ncar.github.io/CAM/doc/build/html/_images/Grid_CONUS.jpg
1° 1/8°

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PHYSICS INFORMED NEURAL NETS
SIIMNET: Physics Informed Neural Nets Fourier Neural Operators
SimNet and FNOs can be used to improve the efficiency of data-driven models

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ECMWF AND NOAA
Pre-operational Automated Tropical Cyclone Detection

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NASA-HELIOPHYSICS & ALTAMIRA
Sunspots Active Regions
Monitoring the Sun

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DKRZ AND U-BERLIN
Nature Geoscience: Using NVIDIA’s In-Painting to reconstruct missing climate data

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ECMWF AND ATOS
Improving Data Assimilation through Temperature Bias Correction

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NOAA
HERA Supercomputer NOAA AI Workshops Hackathons Omniverse
We support NOAA with a broad range of activities

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NOAA
Global Systems Laboratory
https://gsl.noaa.gov

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AI2ES
Explainable AI Methods Environmental Science Research Risk Communication
NSF AI Institute for Research on Trustworthy AI in Weather, Climate, and Coastal Oceanography
(AI2ES)

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ORNL
Simulation: Collision of Hot and Cold Bubbles NN Prediction of Subgrid-Scale Flow. 5:1 grid ratio
Subgrid-Scale Turbulence Emulation

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• Climate change is the grand challenge.
• Its up to us to find the solutions.
• Project DestinE provides a vision for the future of ESM.
• NVIDIA’s technologies can make that vision a reality.
• Stay tuned for further developments.
• For more information, contact: dhall@nvidia.com
SUMMARY

39. HARNESSING THE VIRTUAL REALM
FOR GLOBALLY APPLIED
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ALISON B LOWNDES
Senior Scientist | Global AI
@alisonblowndes
October 2021

40. MODERN ERA OF GAMING
SYNTHETIC WORLDS AND VISUAL COMPUTING

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NVIDIA PUBLIC SECTOR APPLICATIONS
Geospatial Predictive Analytics Security
Autonomy and Avionics
Inspection and Forensics Modeling and Simulation
Spectrum Awareness
Phased Arrays
Natural Language Processing
Cyber Security

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CLIMATE ACTION AI POLICY FRAMEWORK
NVIDIA has developed a 4-point framework to help governments understand how to leverage AI right
now to monitor, mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change.
Monitor
Mitigate
Alter
Adapt
Acting on causes
Promote resiliency
Global citizenship
Inform policy
Reduce Energy Intensity of GDP: Smart grids & energy
efficiency (industry, buildings, green DCs, etc..)
Protect biodiversity
Predict weather events and natural disasters to improve
emergency response
Anticipate and plan for supply
chains disruption
Carbon sequestration
Ecosystem: beach erosion, wildfires, deforestation,
flooding
Anti-Poaching: Illegal wildlife trade
detection
Decarbonize Energy: Digital Twins of low-carbon
technologies, alternative energies

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NVIDIA SELENE
Now Featuring NVIDIA DGX A100 640GB
#1 in Green 500 | #5 Top500 | #1 MLPerf | #1 Industrial System
4,480 A100 GPUs
560 DGX A100 640GB systems
850 Mellanox 200G HDR switches
14PB of high-performance storage
2.8 EFLOPS of AI peak performance
63 PFLOPS HPL @ 24GF/W
1 DGX A100 replaces 150 CPU servers
and saves 300 tons of CO2 per DGX
per year!

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NVIDIA DGX SUPERPOD
READY MADE NATIONAL AI INFRASTRUCTURE
Thailand CMKL Univ installs DGX
A100 Pod to advance National AI
Program sponsored by MEHESI
Luxembourg EuroHPC peta-
scale AI cluster, MeluXina, built
with ATOS + NVIDIA
Vietnam VinAI deploys DGX
A100 Pod to support AI
researchers and engineers
UAE Ministry of AI deploys DGX
Pod with 30 petaflops to advance
national AI programs
Egypt 1st national AI super-
computer as AI testbed built
with Dell and NVIDIA
Slovenia EuroHPC peta-scale
AI supercomputer, Vega, with
ATOS and NVIDIA
Sweden WASP installs #1 AI
supercomputer at Linköping Univ
with ATOS and NVIDIA
India C-DAC installs largest
national AI supercomputer
with ATOX and NVIDIA
Italy #1 AI supercomputer,
LEONARDO, to launch with
14,000 NVIDIA Ampere GPUs
UK #1 AI supercomputer in
Cambridge built by NVIDIA for
life science R&D
US fastest AI supercomputer for
academia at University of Florida
built with NVIDIA
Canada Shared Services installs
DGX Pod to support AI adoption
across Canadian gov’t agencies
Czech Republic’s largest AI
supercomputer by NVIDIA & HPE
at Technical Univ Ostrava

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Onboard the ISS with HPE
Can be tested remotely.
Universal Inference Acceleration
320 Turing Tensor cores
2,560 CUDA cores
65 FP16 TFLOPS | 130 INT8 TOPS | 260 INT4 TOPS
16GB | 320GB/s
70W
TESLA (TURING) T4
ADVANCED INFERENCE GPU

46. Next Level of AI GPGPU
in Space Applications
Aitech’s S-A1760 Venus™: most
powerful and smallest space AI GPGPU in
small form factor (SFF). Suitable for the next
gen of short duration spaceflight, NEO and
LEO.
46

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Presentation here.

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Image: Intellias.com

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HORUS
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-25882-z
https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/features/peering-moons-
permanently-shadowed-regions-ai
+
CVPR21 paper: https://bit.ly/39HLVSf

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52. Lunar surface imagery enhancement
52
Fig. 1: NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter
Fig. 2: Apollo XVI landing site

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fdlausnz.org

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55. FDL US 2021
DIGITAL COASTLINES

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57. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9172271

59. A Blending of Physical and Virtual Worlds
THE METAVERSE

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NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE.
GAUGAN2

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GALACTIC WINDS
NVIDIA IndeX and Cholla
Brant Robertson
Evan Schneider

66. Materials
Physics AI
Path-Tracing
USD
NVIDIA OMNIVERSE IS CONNECTING THE OPEN METAVERSE

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SEE YOU IN OMNIVERSE
DEVELOP ON OMNIVERSE DOCUMENTATION TUTORIALS AND WEBINARS
DOWNLOAD OPEN BETA
EXPLORE OMNIVERSE ENTERPRISE

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HGX Platform
High Performance, Purpose-Built, Cloud
EGX Platform
Accelerated, Multi-purpose
Datacenter to Edge
NVIDIA A100,
A40 or A10
PCIe Cards
NVIDIA HGX A100
(4 or 8 way)
Mellanox ConnectX-
6, ConnectX-6 Dx or
BlueField-2 DPU
PCIe Cards
Mellanox
ConnectX-6,
ConnectX-6 Dx,
ConnectX-6 LX or
BlueField-2 DPU
PCIe Cards
Ecosystem
Monitoring
Biodiversity and
conservation
Smart Grids and
Energy Efficiency
Climate prediction
and forecasting
Weather and
disaster resilience Alternative Energy
DEEP LEARNING
FRAMEWORKS
CUDNN
RAPIDS
CUML
CUDF CUGRAPH
NVIDIA DGX
A100
Mellanox
ConnectX-6,
ConnectX-6 Dx or
BlueField-2 DPU
PCIe Cards
DGX Platform
High Performance, Purpose Built, Data Center
OMNIVERSE
NVIDIA DATACENTER & EDGE PLATFORMS
Optimized platforms with Compute + Networking

69. *NVIDIA discretion
Community Speaks:
N.E.R.D community in Ethiopia
Community testimonials
from Python Ghana members
NVIDIA EMERGING CHAPTERS
Fostering developer communities & innovation
Enabling +30 African developer communities in AI,
Data Science, Embedded & More
Access to DLI workshops, trainings and upskilling
opportunities
Special access & invites to NVIDIA developer events
such as GTC
developer.nvidia.com/emerging-chapters

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DEEP LEARNING INSTITUTE
TRAINING
DLI for Data Science, Robotics, Accelerated
Computing courses
New Teaching Kit for 3D Graphics and Omniverse
nvidia.com/dli

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EDUCATION AND
TRAINING
Hands-on sessions for learning GPU programming and
code optimization
Separate programs for introductory and experienced
users
Guided collaboration from dedicated experts
Cooperative team atmosphere emphasizes
collaboration and best practices
Widely popular among attendees
Boot Camps and Hackathons
www.gpuhackathons.org/

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NVIDIA INCEPTION PROGRAM
Over 8,000 AI startups and growing
Access to technology expertise
Go-to-Market support
Venture Capital Funding & Ecosystem
nvidia.com/inception

73. Solve Real-world Challenges
DLI Education & Trainings
Accelerate Innovation
Applied Research Accelerator Program
Create Opportunities & nurture AI talent
Emerging Chapters for Communities
Implement & Transform National AI strategies
NVIDIA AI Nations
Build & Scale AI for Any Industry
NVIDIA GPUs & 150+ SDKs
Join NVIDIA Developer Program
https://developer.nvidia.com/developer-program

74. SAVE THE DATE:
NVIDIA GTC
The Conference for AI Innovators, Technologists,
and Creators
Join us on November 8–11 for breakthroughs in AI, graphics,
accelerated computing, healthcare, intelligent networking,
game development, and more. Discover the advanced
technologies that are transforming today’s industries.
Sign up to get notified when registration opens at
www.nvidia.com/GTC

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Generated in Omniverse by Sam Lapere & Mathias Hummel, NVIDIA, using ICON data from DKRZ

76. THANK YOU
alowndes@nvidia.com