Handloom industry is the largest cottage industry providing widest avenues for employment opportunities, next to agriculture, prime thrust has been given to implementation of schemes for promotion and development of handloom & Khadi sectors. From the beginning „co-operative‟ has been considered to be the ideal infrastructural institution for implementation of various schemes for development of decentralised cottage industry like handlooms. Almost all schemes are therefore formulated co-operative oriented. Emphasis has also been laid upon formation of co-operatives with handloom weavers. Handlooms are a key element of the West Bengal economy. The Handloom Census of 1987-88 indicated West Bengal population of handloom weavers at 1246005, with 3,38,499 looms. Of this, almost 23% were members of the poorer and relatively disadvantaged Scheduled Castes (SC) and Other Backward Class(OBC). Amongst the population of weavers almost 80% worked on a full-time basis as weavers, and the industry provided direct employment to 304845 persons. As per census conducted by the Ministry of Textiles, Govt of India in 1995-96, in West Bengal there are 3,50,994 handlooms providing direct and indirect employment to about 6,66,514 persons. Here the study focused on the emergence of the Santipur Handloom Cluster and how it works, production process, Status of Weavers & Income level are analyzed critically
This document provides an overview and case study of the Metro Hi-Tech Textile Park located in Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India. The textile park was developed by local entrepreneurs to provide 101 textile production units. It focuses on spinning, weaving, processing and garment production. The site analysis examines location, topography, infrastructure access and zoning. The park layout organizes plots by textile process and provides roads ranging from 15-25 meters wide. Individual building designs maintain appropriate humidity and include loading/unloading areas.
This project aims to create a platform in Tangail, Bangladesh to promote and preserve traditional handloom and crafts of the region. The project is led by UBINIG, an organization focused on supporting traditional skills. The platform will provide space for handloom weavers and craftspeople to showcase and sell their products. It will help address issues like lack of exposure and support faced by the communities. The 7.67 acre site is located in Nolsodha village and surrounded by residential areas and farmland. An analysis of the site and surrounding craft communities was conducted. Literature on similar craft village projects and traditional Tangail handloom and crafts was also reviewed to inform the project design.
This document summarizes an art center project completed in 2009 in Jhaspur, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. The project included studios for painting, sculpture, pottery, and other arts. It was designed using the natural contours of the land to separate activities into different levels. Studios were carefully angled for optimal natural light. Residential areas included cottages and dormitories. A canteen with dining and outdoor reading areas overlooked a river. An amphitheater seating 100 people was built into the landscape, connected by a bridge over the river. Local materials and vernacular architectural techniques were used throughout.
The document summarizes three projects:
1. The National Handicrafts and Handloom Museum in Delhi, designed by Charles Correa in 1990 to preserve Indian craft traditions and showcase objects from all over India.
2. The Living & Learning Design Center (LLDC) in Kutch, Gujarat, conceived as a resource center and public museum to preserve local crafts. Designed by responding to the local climate and using sustainable materials and techniques.
3. The Uttrayan Art Foundation in Vadodara, Gujarat, completed in 2009, aims to promote art and culture.
This document provides an overview of the handloom weaving process in India from growing cotton to final production. It discusses the key steps of spinning yarn, dyeing, warping, sizing, attaching the warp to the loom, weft winding, and weaving. The handloom industry in Andhra Pradesh employs over 200,000 weavers organized through primary weaving cooperatives. While mechanization has impacted some steps, handloom weaving remains an important source of rural employment in India.
Auroville is an experimental township located in Tamil Nadu, India founded in 1968 to promote international understanding and harmony. Its focal point is the Matrimandir, a spherical temple covered in gold discs. The city is divided into five zones surrounded by green belts and has over 1,900 residents from 40 countries engaged in administration, handicrafts, agriculture, and more. Auroville utilizes sustainable building materials and techniques in its construction.
The Calico Museum of Textiles is located in the historic Sarabhai Haveli building in Ahmedabad, India, which is around 100 years old with intricate wooden carvings. The museum houses Indian textiles from the 17th-19th centuries that were influenced by Mughal and provincial courts, including regional embroideries, costumes, tie-dyed fabrics, and displays of traditional handicraft techniques and patterns from across India. The museum exhibits explore various primary Indian textile techniques including looping, knitting, wrapping, and embroidery styles from across different regions.
This document provides an overview and case study of the Metro Hi-Tech Textile Park located in Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India. The textile park was developed by local entrepreneurs to provide 101 textile production units. It focuses on spinning, weaving, processing and garment production. The site analysis examines location, topography, infrastructure access and zoning. The park layout organizes plots by textile process and provides roads ranging from 15-25 meters wide. Individual building designs maintain appropriate humidity and include loading/unloading areas.
This project aims to create a platform in Tangail, Bangladesh to promote and preserve traditional handloom and crafts of the region. The project is led by UBINIG, an organization focused on supporting traditional skills. The platform will provide space for handloom weavers and craftspeople to showcase and sell their products. It will help address issues like lack of exposure and support faced by the communities. The 7.67 acre site is located in Nolsodha village and surrounded by residential areas and farmland. An analysis of the site and surrounding craft communities was conducted. Literature on similar craft village projects and traditional Tangail handloom and crafts was also reviewed to inform the project design.
This document summarizes an art center project completed in 2009 in Jhaspur, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. The project included studios for painting, sculpture, pottery, and other arts. It was designed using the natural contours of the land to separate activities into different levels. Studios were carefully angled for optimal natural light. Residential areas included cottages and dormitories. A canteen with dining and outdoor reading areas overlooked a river. An amphitheater seating 100 people was built into the landscape, connected by a bridge over the river. Local materials and vernacular architectural techniques were used throughout.
The document summarizes three projects:
1. The National Handicrafts and Handloom Museum in Delhi, designed by Charles Correa in 1990 to preserve Indian craft traditions and showcase objects from all over India.
2. The Living & Learning Design Center (LLDC) in Kutch, Gujarat, conceived as a resource center and public museum to preserve local crafts. Designed by responding to the local climate and using sustainable materials and techniques.
3. The Uttrayan Art Foundation in Vadodara, Gujarat, completed in 2009, aims to promote art and culture.
This document provides an overview of the handloom weaving process in India from growing cotton to final production. It discusses the key steps of spinning yarn, dyeing, warping, sizing, attaching the warp to the loom, weft winding, and weaving. The handloom industry in Andhra Pradesh employs over 200,000 weavers organized through primary weaving cooperatives. While mechanization has impacted some steps, handloom weaving remains an important source of rural employment in India.
Auroville is an experimental township located in Tamil Nadu, India founded in 1968 to promote international understanding and harmony. Its focal point is the Matrimandir, a spherical temple covered in gold discs. The city is divided into five zones surrounded by green belts and has over 1,900 residents from 40 countries engaged in administration, handicrafts, agriculture, and more. Auroville utilizes sustainable building materials and techniques in its construction.
The Calico Museum of Textiles is located in the historic Sarabhai Haveli building in Ahmedabad, India, which is around 100 years old with intricate wooden carvings. The museum houses Indian textiles from the 17th-19th centuries that were influenced by Mughal and provincial courts, including regional embroideries, costumes, tie-dyed fabrics, and displays of traditional handicraft techniques and patterns from across India. The museum exhibits explore various primary Indian textile techniques including looping, knitting, wrapping, and embroidery styles from across different regions.
This document provides a summary of reviews and articles about Lakshman Sagar, a heritage hotel in Rajasthan. It discusses the hotel's original design to impress with opulent white towers and how today's design focuses on eco-friendly indigenous materials. The document also highlights praise for the hotel's redefinition of high-end heritage accommodations in Rajasthan, use of local zero-kilometer sourced foods, and staff that maintain the peaceful rural charm while providing excellent service. Multiple reviews excerpted emphasize the memorable experiences and happy memories created by stays at Lakshman Sagar.
This document summarizes an architectural project for the NBCC in India completed in 1997. The building features an open-air theater (OAT) at its core, with classroom blocks arranged around it in a radial "snail" pattern connected by covered walkways. Materials used include plastered laterite walls, steel or wood framing, and pergolas to control light and shadow. Landscaping surrounds the building, which uses its central OAT and level changes to organize space flowing from the main entrance.
This document provides information about the hot and dry climate of Jaisalmer, India. It discusses the location and climate features of Jaisalmer, including average temperatures, rainfall, and wind patterns. It also describes the scarce water resources and how people access water. The lifestyle, occupations, clothing, food, transportation, vegetation, and festivals of the people living in Jaisalmer's desert climate are summarized as well.
A Study On Handloom Weaver’s With Special References To Kinnal Village Koppal...Mailarappa kuni
This document provides an introduction to a study on handloom weavers in Kinnal Village, Koppal Taluk, Karnataka. It discusses the problems of rural unemployment, inequality and poverty in India's rural economy. Promotion of handicrafts, handlooms and small industries have been objectives to address these issues. The study area of Kinnal Village is introduced. Handlooms have historically been important to Karnataka's economy and culture, though the industry declined under British rule and has received government support since independence. Mahatma Gandhi promoted khadi (homespun cloth) to revive the handloom industry and support India's self-sufficiency.
Joseph Allen Stien, Raj Rewal, Anant D RajeSooraj Sharma
This document provides information on three contemporary Indian architects: Joseph Allen Stein, Anant D. Raje, and Raj Rewal. It discusses some of their key works and design philosophies. Joseph Allen Stein was an American architect who settled in India and is renowned for works like the Indian Habitat Centre that blended modernism with local materials and traditions. Anant Raje collaborated with Louis Kahn on the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad campus. He emphasized light, climate responsiveness, and pedestrian mobility in his projects. Raj Rewal studied in London and Paris and is known for works integrating advanced technologies with cultural traditions in a humanist approach to architecture.
Madurai sungudi sarees are a traditional handloom product from Madurai, India that are known for their distinctive dotted patterns. They are made of pure cotton by the Saurashtra weaving community and have been woven in Madurai since the 16th century. The sarees are dyed using natural dyes with vibrant colors and feature thousands of tied knots that are undone after dyeing to create the unique dotted pattern. Madurai sungudi sarees remain an important part of the local culture and economy, with over 5,000 people involved in their production.
Use of Architectural Elements in Evolution of Traditional StyleSHUBHAM SHARMA
The document discusses traditional architectural elements used in Jaipur, India's "Pink City". It describes how elements like pavilions, courtyards, terraces, and entrances were adapted to the local climate and incorporated into buildings. These elements provided shade, ventilation, and indoor/outdoor living spaces well-suited to Jaipur's hot, dry environment. The document also examines how the traditional grid-based city plan and use of local materials like stone and marble contributed to the regional architectural style developed in Jaipur.
The document provides information on various topics related to Kutch, India:
1. It introduces the region of Kutch and discusses its famous embroideries created by local women.
2. It provides a map showing Kutch's geographical location and surrounding areas.
3. It describes the many tribes and communities that have settled in Kutch over centuries and maintained their traditions, including Jats, Harijans, Ahirs, Rabaris, and others.
4. It gives details on foods, costumes, culture, and crafts including embroidery, wood carving, and silver engraving practiced in Kutch by different communities.
This document is a thesis report submitted by Sohail Hussain for the degree of Bachelor of Architecture. The report proposes the design of an Integrated Industrial Park for artisans in Sarthebari, Assam, known for its bell metal and brass products. The park will provide a common workspace for artisans to work together, sell their products, and teach younger generations their craft-making processes, following the concept of "learn and work". The report includes chapters on case studies of similar industrial parks, literature review on the bell metal making process and building requirements, site analysis, and conceptual design evolution. The goal is to create a space for artisans to efficiently produce and market their bell metal products while preserving the cultural heritage
The document provides guidance on developing an effective portfolio to showcase one's design work and skills. It discusses evaluating one's strengths and accomplishments, organizing work into a unified package, and illustrating strengths through demonstration of format, design, problem-solving and communication skills. Various portfolio formats, contents, and presentation methods such as traditional, digital and online options are described.
Majuli is the largest river island in the Brahmaputra River in India. It has faced significant land erosion and threats to its cultural heritage from floods and urbanization. The island has a unique culture centered around Vaishnavism and satra monasteries. The government has undertaken measures to protect Majuli, including reclaiming land and raising awareness about conservation efforts to preserve the island's heritage.
This document is a summer project report on the Dhokra metal casting craft of Eastern India submitted by a student. It provides an abstract that the report will examine the origin and current situation of the Dhokra craft. The objectives are to understand the manufacturing process and market viability. The content section describes the history of lost wax casting in India, the casting process used in Odisha and Jharkhand, tools used, products made, sales and markets, and challenges faced by artisans. It aims to document this traditional craft and shed light on the artisans' socio-economic conditions.
As being future architect what type of responsibility we have to keep in mind and how other had response to the nature. have look thanks:)
Thanks to the people and foundation and various site..
Rogan art, an ancient skill with its origins in Persia. It is a craft which took over the course of time. Kuch's Rogan tradition is sustained by two families in Nirona Village.
The document discusses houseboats, known as doongas, in Kashmir. It provides background on the origin of doongas, noting that they developed from fishermen's boats on Kashmir's lakes and rivers. Doongas are long, flat-bottomed wooden boats, typically 55 feet in length, covered by a sloped wooden roof. They are divided internally with pine planks into family living spaces. Construction involves selecting suitable deodar wood trees and a multi-step process of drying, shaping, and assembling planks to form the boats.
Natioanal Institute of Fashion Design.
The idea is to create a relationship between the built & the unbuilt spaces.
There are evidences of blend of traditional and contemporary architecture.
Aesthetics are cared for, sometimes at the stake of comfort if not function.
The site is well-segregated into various zones w.r.t the functions.
Circulation spaces are minimised to obtain efficiency in design.
Phenomenal Fashion Institute is a design proposal for an educational building for people to learn the required skills to become fashion designers.
The main objective for me was to achieve a place where people can meet, learn, create and preform in.
The project main idea was the (scaling) of the fashion tools and transform most of it into useful non-structural elements and furniture.
A New Gate Way of Promoting Handloom Industry in Phuliainventionjournals
Phulia is developed after setting up handloom cooperatives and became a well developed township in Santipur Community Development Block and in future it would become a big weaving hub. Here the study mainly focuses on the identification of socio-economic and cultural transformation due to modern cooperatives based handloom practices like as weaving. It is one of the heavily prospering handloom cluster part of Santipur handloom cluster. It becomes a well developing handloom centre. The Indian handloom fabrics have been known for times immemorial for their beauty, excellence in design; texture and durability. The Cooperative Societies have a major role in the movement of revival and development of Tangail Industry in Phulia.
A Detailed Analysis of Cotton Textile Industry at Bardhaman Cluster of West B...theijes
West Bengal had a great heritage of cotton textile industry from the very ancient period of time. This work was traditionally done by rural artisans, they reflected their hope, aspiration, and their life style through their design , the brilliant mix of colours which is admired all over the world. Bardhaman cluster is recognised as one of the heritage cluster of West Bengal among twenty renowned cluster all over the country and well known for Nakshipar Tangail saree and Jamdani saree weaving. Integrated Cluster Development Scheme has launched by Ministry of Textile in 2005-06, the main aim of this project is to make our age old traditional handloom industry globally competitive and protect this sector from the threats of power loom. Therefore this paper is concerned with the several features of Bardhaman cluster under Integrated Cluster Development Scheme and also make a SWOT analysis to highlight the strength and opportunities and recover the weakness and threat by innovative marketing strategies
This document provides a summary of reviews and articles about Lakshman Sagar, a heritage hotel in Rajasthan. It discusses the hotel's original design to impress with opulent white towers and how today's design focuses on eco-friendly indigenous materials. The document also highlights praise for the hotel's redefinition of high-end heritage accommodations in Rajasthan, use of local zero-kilometer sourced foods, and staff that maintain the peaceful rural charm while providing excellent service. Multiple reviews excerpted emphasize the memorable experiences and happy memories created by stays at Lakshman Sagar.
This document summarizes an architectural project for the NBCC in India completed in 1997. The building features an open-air theater (OAT) at its core, with classroom blocks arranged around it in a radial "snail" pattern connected by covered walkways. Materials used include plastered laterite walls, steel or wood framing, and pergolas to control light and shadow. Landscaping surrounds the building, which uses its central OAT and level changes to organize space flowing from the main entrance.
This document provides information about the hot and dry climate of Jaisalmer, India. It discusses the location and climate features of Jaisalmer, including average temperatures, rainfall, and wind patterns. It also describes the scarce water resources and how people access water. The lifestyle, occupations, clothing, food, transportation, vegetation, and festivals of the people living in Jaisalmer's desert climate are summarized as well.
A Study On Handloom Weaver’s With Special References To Kinnal Village Koppal...Mailarappa kuni
This document provides an introduction to a study on handloom weavers in Kinnal Village, Koppal Taluk, Karnataka. It discusses the problems of rural unemployment, inequality and poverty in India's rural economy. Promotion of handicrafts, handlooms and small industries have been objectives to address these issues. The study area of Kinnal Village is introduced. Handlooms have historically been important to Karnataka's economy and culture, though the industry declined under British rule and has received government support since independence. Mahatma Gandhi promoted khadi (homespun cloth) to revive the handloom industry and support India's self-sufficiency.
Joseph Allen Stien, Raj Rewal, Anant D RajeSooraj Sharma
This document provides information on three contemporary Indian architects: Joseph Allen Stein, Anant D. Raje, and Raj Rewal. It discusses some of their key works and design philosophies. Joseph Allen Stein was an American architect who settled in India and is renowned for works like the Indian Habitat Centre that blended modernism with local materials and traditions. Anant Raje collaborated with Louis Kahn on the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad campus. He emphasized light, climate responsiveness, and pedestrian mobility in his projects. Raj Rewal studied in London and Paris and is known for works integrating advanced technologies with cultural traditions in a humanist approach to architecture.
Madurai sungudi sarees are a traditional handloom product from Madurai, India that are known for their distinctive dotted patterns. They are made of pure cotton by the Saurashtra weaving community and have been woven in Madurai since the 16th century. The sarees are dyed using natural dyes with vibrant colors and feature thousands of tied knots that are undone after dyeing to create the unique dotted pattern. Madurai sungudi sarees remain an important part of the local culture and economy, with over 5,000 people involved in their production.
Use of Architectural Elements in Evolution of Traditional StyleSHUBHAM SHARMA
The document discusses traditional architectural elements used in Jaipur, India's "Pink City". It describes how elements like pavilions, courtyards, terraces, and entrances were adapted to the local climate and incorporated into buildings. These elements provided shade, ventilation, and indoor/outdoor living spaces well-suited to Jaipur's hot, dry environment. The document also examines how the traditional grid-based city plan and use of local materials like stone and marble contributed to the regional architectural style developed in Jaipur.
The document provides information on various topics related to Kutch, India:
1. It introduces the region of Kutch and discusses its famous embroideries created by local women.
2. It provides a map showing Kutch's geographical location and surrounding areas.
3. It describes the many tribes and communities that have settled in Kutch over centuries and maintained their traditions, including Jats, Harijans, Ahirs, Rabaris, and others.
4. It gives details on foods, costumes, culture, and crafts including embroidery, wood carving, and silver engraving practiced in Kutch by different communities.
This document is a thesis report submitted by Sohail Hussain for the degree of Bachelor of Architecture. The report proposes the design of an Integrated Industrial Park for artisans in Sarthebari, Assam, known for its bell metal and brass products. The park will provide a common workspace for artisans to work together, sell their products, and teach younger generations their craft-making processes, following the concept of "learn and work". The report includes chapters on case studies of similar industrial parks, literature review on the bell metal making process and building requirements, site analysis, and conceptual design evolution. The goal is to create a space for artisans to efficiently produce and market their bell metal products while preserving the cultural heritage
The document provides guidance on developing an effective portfolio to showcase one's design work and skills. It discusses evaluating one's strengths and accomplishments, organizing work into a unified package, and illustrating strengths through demonstration of format, design, problem-solving and communication skills. Various portfolio formats, contents, and presentation methods such as traditional, digital and online options are described.
Majuli is the largest river island in the Brahmaputra River in India. It has faced significant land erosion and threats to its cultural heritage from floods and urbanization. The island has a unique culture centered around Vaishnavism and satra monasteries. The government has undertaken measures to protect Majuli, including reclaiming land and raising awareness about conservation efforts to preserve the island's heritage.
This document is a summer project report on the Dhokra metal casting craft of Eastern India submitted by a student. It provides an abstract that the report will examine the origin and current situation of the Dhokra craft. The objectives are to understand the manufacturing process and market viability. The content section describes the history of lost wax casting in India, the casting process used in Odisha and Jharkhand, tools used, products made, sales and markets, and challenges faced by artisans. It aims to document this traditional craft and shed light on the artisans' socio-economic conditions.
As being future architect what type of responsibility we have to keep in mind and how other had response to the nature. have look thanks:)
Thanks to the people and foundation and various site..
Rogan art, an ancient skill with its origins in Persia. It is a craft which took over the course of time. Kuch's Rogan tradition is sustained by two families in Nirona Village.
The document discusses houseboats, known as doongas, in Kashmir. It provides background on the origin of doongas, noting that they developed from fishermen's boats on Kashmir's lakes and rivers. Doongas are long, flat-bottomed wooden boats, typically 55 feet in length, covered by a sloped wooden roof. They are divided internally with pine planks into family living spaces. Construction involves selecting suitable deodar wood trees and a multi-step process of drying, shaping, and assembling planks to form the boats.
Natioanal Institute of Fashion Design.
The idea is to create a relationship between the built & the unbuilt spaces.
There are evidences of blend of traditional and contemporary architecture.
Aesthetics are cared for, sometimes at the stake of comfort if not function.
The site is well-segregated into various zones w.r.t the functions.
Circulation spaces are minimised to obtain efficiency in design.
Phenomenal Fashion Institute is a design proposal for an educational building for people to learn the required skills to become fashion designers.
The main objective for me was to achieve a place where people can meet, learn, create and preform in.
The project main idea was the (scaling) of the fashion tools and transform most of it into useful non-structural elements and furniture.
A New Gate Way of Promoting Handloom Industry in Phuliainventionjournals
Phulia is developed after setting up handloom cooperatives and became a well developed township in Santipur Community Development Block and in future it would become a big weaving hub. Here the study mainly focuses on the identification of socio-economic and cultural transformation due to modern cooperatives based handloom practices like as weaving. It is one of the heavily prospering handloom cluster part of Santipur handloom cluster. It becomes a well developing handloom centre. The Indian handloom fabrics have been known for times immemorial for their beauty, excellence in design; texture and durability. The Cooperative Societies have a major role in the movement of revival and development of Tangail Industry in Phulia.
A Detailed Analysis of Cotton Textile Industry at Bardhaman Cluster of West B...theijes
West Bengal had a great heritage of cotton textile industry from the very ancient period of time. This work was traditionally done by rural artisans, they reflected their hope, aspiration, and their life style through their design , the brilliant mix of colours which is admired all over the world. Bardhaman cluster is recognised as one of the heritage cluster of West Bengal among twenty renowned cluster all over the country and well known for Nakshipar Tangail saree and Jamdani saree weaving. Integrated Cluster Development Scheme has launched by Ministry of Textile in 2005-06, the main aim of this project is to make our age old traditional handloom industry globally competitive and protect this sector from the threats of power loom. Therefore this paper is concerned with the several features of Bardhaman cluster under Integrated Cluster Development Scheme and also make a SWOT analysis to highlight the strength and opportunities and recover the weakness and threat by innovative marketing strategies
Principles of Management and Entrepreneurship lecture notes i to v unitsPARANTHAMAN RAMAMOORTHY
The handloom industry plays an important socioeconomic role in India. It provides employment for over 43 lakh weavers, especially in rural areas, and is one of the largest unorganized sectors. Each state has unique handloom products that are part of India's cultural traditions. The industry also empowers women as three-quarters of weavers are female. It generates income for economically weaker sections of society.
This document provides an introduction to cotton and the cotton spinning process. It discusses the history of cotton cultivation in India dating back thousands of years. It then covers the cotton plant life cycle and describes how cotton grows into bolls containing seeds and fibers. The document also discusses the ginning process for removing seeds from raw cotton fibers and classifications of cotton based on fiber length and quality.
1. The text summarizes key information about India's cotton and other fiber industries, including their history, current state, and future trends.
2. India is currently the largest producer and consumer of cotton in the world, producing over 6 million metric tons annually. Other major fiber industries discussed include jute, silk, and wool.
3. The future of India's fiber industries looks promising, with cotton production projected to increase to over 7 million metric tons by 2030. Growth is also expected in other fibers like jute, aided by innovative new applications and government support schemes.
This document provides an overview of the textile industry in India, with a focus on the handloom sector. It discusses how colonial contact disrupted previously integrated processes like spinning and weaving. The establishment of textile mills in Britain led to India's decline as a player in world trade from the 1820s onward. India was used as a supplier of raw cotton for British manufacturers. The growth of the mill sector in India from the early 20th century onward increased competition for handlooms and their dependence on mill-spun yarn. Various commissions and reports from the 1920s-1940s highlighted the problems facing handloom weavers and the need to regulate the growth of mills and support handlooms
Indian textile industry past, present and the future.pdfAKASHRai812944
Was Indian textile sector always this successful, or were there any inventions or strategies that catapulted our country to the top 5 apparel and textile exporting countries in the world?
Indian textile industry past, present and the future.pptxAKASHRai812944
Was Indian textile sector always this successful, or were there any inventions or strategies that catapulted our country to the top 5 apparel and textile exporting countries in the world?
An overview of Cotton Textile Industry at Dhaniakhali Block of Hooghly Districtiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Kantha is a centuries-old tradition of stitching patchwork cloth from rags, which evolved from the thrift of rural
women in the Bengali region of the sub-continent - today the eastern Indian states of West Bengal and Orissa, and
Bangladesh. One of the oldest forms of embroidery originating from India, its origins can be traced back to the preVedic age (prior to 1500 BCE). This needle- craft is the quilting of old fabrics such as sari, dhoti etc. Used as a blanket
by rural people to protect them against cold. The document discusses how kantha has been dominated by women
and has ultimately helped to empower hundreds of them. Through primary research conducted among 24 artisans
from West Bengal’s Barasat, Guma, Ashoknagar, the various factors that made it women-centric were explored. A
qualitative and ethnographic cluster study was conducted in which direct interviews were taken and questionnaire
was prepared accordingly.
This document summarizes a paper analyzing the development of designs in textiles produced in India for export to West Africa. It discusses the emergence of Gujarati mirror-work embroidery on a textile called RMHK Fancy in the 1990s. The author conducted field research in Madras, India, interviewing textile manufacturers and traders. They found that design changes occurred frequently after 1976 due to disruptions in the trade network. The author developed a methodology to study the changing design traditions by mapping the cultural and geographic spread of textiles. They documented how embroidery styles shifted from traditional Indian styles to replicating other techniques more quickly using chain stitch.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document is the April 2021 issue of a magazine called "Textile Value Chain" that focuses on the cotton industry. It includes articles on topics like organic cotton, cotton cultivation, sustainable agriculture, natural dyeing, fashion trends, and industry reports. The editorial provides an overview of cotton's journey from a blooming flower to a woven fabric and discusses opportunities for Indian enterprises in organic colored cotton.
The document discusses India's silk industry, which provides livelihood for over 6 million people. Sericulture is an important labor-intensive industry operating in over 54,000 villages. India is the second largest silk manufacturer globally, producing different varieties of silk like mulberry, tasar, eri and muga. The industry engages many small farmers and has shown growth domestically and internationally due to innovations. It remains an important source of income and jobs in rural India.
This document provides an overview of industries in India. It discusses how India's main early industry was handicrafts and textiles. Under colonial rule, India struggled to develop other industries. After independence in 1947, India pursued initiatives to promote industrialization. Key requirements for industrialization included machines, electricity, raw materials, transportation facilities, and basic industries producing these necessities. The document then examines several major industries in India like textiles, sugar, iron and steel, chemicals, and automobiles. It provides details on the location, production processes, and importance of these industries.
This document provides an overview of industries in India. It discusses how India's main early industry was handicrafts and textiles. Under colonial rule, India struggled to develop other industries. After independence in 1947, India pursued initiatives to promote industrialization. Key requirements for industrialization included machines, electricity, raw materials, transportation facilities, and basic industries producing these necessities. The document then examines several major industries in India like textiles, sugar, iron and steel, chemicals, and automobiles. It provides details on the location, production processes, and importance of these industries.
This document provides an overview of the textile industry in India. It discusses the history and importance of the textile industry as one of the largest employers in India. It then describes the workings of various departments in textile companies, including accounts, finance, marketing, sales, and production. It also summarizes the market size of the Indian textile industry and provides a SWOT analysis and discussion of the marketing mix strategies used. Finally, it outlines some of the key challenges faced by the industry and initiatives taken by the Indian government to support the textile sector.
This document discusses the traditional Koorai Nadu saree from the Tamil Nadu region of India. The Koorai Nadu saree originated in the Mayiladuthurai area of Tamil Nadu and was traditionally worn by brides during wedding ceremonies. It is woven from a blend of silk and cotton with distinctive checked patterns. However, demand for the saree declined as weaving traditions changed. Now some efforts are being made to revive the craft, including through a weaving cooperative that produces a small number of Koorai Nadu sarees each month using traditional techniques. The saree remains an important part of cultural heritage in the region.
supply chain of rural artisan in India content Parth Thakar
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Handloom Cluster of India: A Case Study Santipur Handloom Cluster
1. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714
www.ijhssi.org ||Volume 5 Issue 1 ||January. 2016 || PP.27-35
www.ijhssi.org 27 | P a g e
Handloom Cluster of India: A Case Study Santipur Handloom
Cluster
1
Chandan Das, 2
Mithu Roy, 2
Prosenjit Mondal
1
Dept. of Geography, Sundarban Mahavidyalaya(Kakdwip,South 24 Pgs)
2
Dept. of Geography, Naba Barrackpore Prafulla Chandra Mahavidalay
2
Research Scholar, Institute of Development Studies. Kolkata
Abstract: Handloom industry is the largest cottage industry providing widest avenues for employment
opportunities, next to agriculture, prime thrust has been given to implementation of schemes for promotion and
development of handloom & Khadi sectors. From the beginning „co-operative‟ has been considered to be the
ideal infrastructural institution for implementation of various schemes for development of decentralised cottage
industry like handlooms. Almost all schemes are therefore formulated co-operative oriented. Emphasis has also
been laid upon formation of co-operatives with handloom weavers. Handlooms are a key element of the West
Bengal economy. The Handloom Census of 1987-88 indicated West Bengal population of handloom weavers at
1246005, with 3,38,499 looms. Of this, almost 23% were members of the poorer and relatively disadvantaged
Scheduled Castes (SC) and Other Backward Class(OBC). Amongst the population of weavers almost 80%
worked on a full-time basis as weavers, and the industry provided direct employment to 304845 persons. As per
census conducted by the Ministry of Textiles, Govt of India in 1995-96, in West Bengal there are 3,50,994
handlooms providing direct and indirect employment to about 6,66,514 persons. Here the study focused on the
emergence of the Santipur Handloom Cluster and how it works, production process, Status of Weavers &
Income level are analyzed critically.
Key Words: Structure, Weaving Pattern, Problem & Prospect
I. Introduction
India has a rich cultural heritage and the art of hand weaving formed its integral part. History has it that
hand weaving was in existence In India for over five thousand and eight hundred years now. The very early
Indian religious texts contain umpteen references to the glory that was handloom. In the annals of history the
travel accounts of Fasiyan, Huan Tsang, Warthima, Bernier, Garriri, Tavernier,General Ormi and Marcopolo
spelt out the glory of the handloom industry in the by-gone days. There are many instances that show that Indian
handloom cloths in those days was patronised by many abroad in the East and West. Herodotus of Greece, and
scholars like Magasthanese and Pliny had spoken on Indian cloth. Among the hundreds of small scale and
cottage arts and crafts that have survived in present day India, the handloom weaving is, perhaps, the most
important. It is the largest cottage industry with more than 30.22 lack looms spread throughout the length and
breadth of the country.
The weaving activity was initiated in 1409, during the regime of Gaur Ganesh Danu Mardhandev.
Saree weaving was practiced during 1683 - 1694 during the ruling of Nadia king Rudra Roy. The production got
systematized and was well organized leading to good recognition during the period of Mughal empire. Saree
was exported to Afghanistan, Iran, Arab Greece & Turkey. The healthy trend continued till the early twentieth
century. The British controlled the industry through their East India Company. Those who opposed were
severely punished. Finally the control of East India Company came to an end with the intervention of Governor
General Kolkata, for the Common representation of grief of the united weavers. The product had its unique
specific proposition in the market for its quality of yarn used in weaving. Hand Spun Yarn of 250 – 300s, which
is beyond the scope of mill, was used for weaving, which could counterfeit even the imported cotton yarn of
Manchester. Shri Darga Das Kastha subsequently introduced barrel Dobby during 1920 – 1925, facilitating the
conversion of the throw shuttle to Fly Shuttle. Later Shri Debbendra Nath Mukherjee introduced the Jacquard
Machine, and this facilitated a broader cross section of new designs in the Market. It is learnt that 100 hook
capacity Jacquard was first installed by Shri Jatindra Nath Lohori for producing varieties during the third decade
of twenty century. During the same time sectional warping and sizing was introduced by Shri Hazari to produce
a warp of 350 yards in length. The Santipur sarees in the past were very popular for the fine & uniform texture.
The sarees are termed as per the design used in the extra warp meant for side border. The Bengal Small Scale
Aids Industry Act during the early eighties (1980 –83), was instrumental support of the government for the
growth of the Handloom industry. As per the act financial aid to a maximum of Rs 10,000/- in shape of 50%
grant & 50 % Loan was provided to the individual weavers for purchase of looms. During the mid eighties and
later in the mid nineties 1995, there were weaver movements for the wage hikes but were unsuccessful for the
suppression by Mahajans.
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II. Methodology and Data Source
The pre-field has been done covering Literature to be acquainted with the study area since similar types
of report, articles will be very helpful to evaluate the changing pattern. We have prepared a list from collected
data and maps, and other relevant documents etc. This process relates to primary data collection methods for
example questionnaire as a set of questions used mainly in direct interview, Focused Group Discussion and
Participatory Rural Appraisal to gather data from a respondent. The subject of research mainly being on change
in economy, education, weaving pattern and problem and prospect oh handloom, A well defined methodology is
followed. Investigations are carried out to assess the socio economic condition of Santipur using a standard
questionnaire and a primary data is collected randomly. Various secondary data’s are collected from District
Statistical Handbook, Gram Panchyet Office, Santipur Municipality, and Department Of Handloom (State &
Central Govt), Articles and E Sources. The methodology can be considered to include multiple methods, each as
applied to various facets of the part of the whole scope of methods. The study is divided between two parts
qualitative and quantitative. This involved obtaining background information of the area with the help of
secondary data sources, fixing up the venue and time of survey, etc. Post- field work is basically depending on
the analysis of the collected data, tables and report writing.
III. The Study Area
Santipur Handloom Cluster is located under the Ranaghat Sub-Division in the District of Nadia in West Bengal
is a place of ancient culture, religion, tradition and it has glory of its own. Its geographical coordinates are
23°15′N & 88°26′E which is about 90 km from Kolkata.
Objectives
To find out the Structure of Santipur Handloom Cluster.
To analyze the Weaving Pattern of the Cluster.
To Study the Income level of the Weavers.
To Study the Co-operative Based Development pattern.
To find out the Problem and Prospect of the Cluster.
IV. Handloom Cluster of India
A cluster is a group of something but here it denotes that a group of handloom makes handloom cluster. In India
we see different types of handloom cluster like that of.1)Small handloom cluster 2)Medium handloom cluster
3)Mega handloom cluster. There are 470 handloom clusters, out of which 240 clusters have less than 1000
handlooms and 230 clusters have more than 1000 handlooms. Out of these 230 clusters, there are 41 clusters,
which have over 25,000 handlooms. Some of these clusters have very poor infrastructure and common facilities,
causing hardships to the weavers. Since these clusters are very large, they would not be covered under the
Integrated Handlooms Development Scheme, which caters to the small clusters in the range of 300-500 looms.
These clusters will require massive investment to galvanize them to higher production. To overcome these
constraints faced by the weavers within the cooperative sector and outside; including those attached to Self Help
Groups, NGOs, Small and Medium Enterprises, Master Weavers and unattached weavers, Comprehensive
Handloom Cluster Development Scheme was introduced in 2008-09 for development of 2 Mega Handloom
Clusters i.e. Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) & Sivasagar (Assam). The handloom weavers shall be the focus for
assistance under the new scheme. While there are several schemes existing for taking care of specific
requirements of the weavers, the main thrust of this scheme would be on need based approach for integrated &
holistic development of handloom concentrated areas that will encompass several traditional, ethnic and
languishing weaving crafts capable of diversification and meet the requirements of the present day market
demands both within the country and abroad. The Comprehensive Handlooms Cluster Development Scheme
will be implemented for development of 2 Mega Handloom Clusters, one each in the State of West Bengal and
Tamil Nadu. Each cluster will cover over 25,000 handlooms at upper Central of Rs.70.00 Crore. The scheme
will be implemented as a Central Sector Scheme.
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Major Handloom Cluster of India
Scale: 1cm to 300Kms
Source: Dept. of Textile & Handicraft, Govt. of India
Santipur Handloom Cluster
Nadia is basically the name of one of the districts in West Bengal. As such there is no place called Nadia.
Handloom activities are spread up in many parts of the district. The Clustering Phenomena of Handlooms can be
noted at Ranaghat I & II, Phulia, Santipur, Nabadeep & Nakshipara/ Rajapur. The loom position availability of
weavers and the product profile of the places are as under:
Source:- Focused Group Discussion with WSC, HDO & Cluster Actors
Sr. No. Handloom clusters of
Nadia
Product Estimated number
of Looms
Present Trend
1 Ranaghat I & II Coarser Saree, Lungi,
Gamcha, Furnishing,
Fabric
2000 Decline
2 Phulia & Adjoining Tangile Saree, Jamdani
Saree, Dress Material,
Exportable Fabrics
12000 More Prospering
3 Santipur Santipuri Saree,
Exportable Fabrics
20000 Prospering but not
like Fulia
4 Nabadeep Coarser Saree, Lungi,
Gamcha, Jamdani,
Shirting
2000 Decline
5 Nakshipara/ Rajapur Jamdani Exportable
Fabrics
1000 Decline
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V. Condition of Santipur Handloom Cluster
Types of Weavers
All the weavers who are joined in the weaving programme they are all not the member of the cooperatives some
weaver works through Mahajans and some are individual workers but who are joined with cooperative societies,
they are much reacher than the others.I have seen that in my study area consists of 63% of the weaver joined
with cooperatives but in the other side only 30% are joined with Local Mahajans because Mahajans are
producing low price sharee but the cooperative produced high price making sharee, if cooperative found any
dispute in the making sharee, the weaver should refund the whole money, so all the time it should not be liable
and also 7% are individual weavers who weaved themselves and sell the product in the local market but they are
poor. I have to know one thing that after year 2000 a migration is seen in Phulia where other side people like
from North Dinajpur , Cooch Bihar seen where we see some very small handloom cluster in West Bengal but
the weavers migrate in Phulia because here they could get much money from other place of the India and also in
West Bengal and a migration seen here from other parts of Santipur handloom cluster. total percentage of
migrated workers here are 47% and 53% are local and adjoining areas. Another thing is to be noted that all the
workers are works here they are mostly young people. we find 65% of weavers are belongs to 20-40 years and
only 20% of people belongs to 40-60 years and another 15% provide >60 years people. But only male weavers
are migrated here from other place. The gross profit of the cooperative is not increase rapidly through 2009.
• Type I (Entrepreneur weavers): buy raw material on their own, work on their own designs and then
market their products through a variety of local channels, traders etc.
• Type II (Labourer weavers) - Weavers linked to master weavers: who receive the raw material and design
brief from the master weaver and pass on the final product to them and receive their weaving wages in
return
• Type III (Cooperative fold weavers): Weavers linked to the primary cooperative societies which procure
raw material, pass it on to the attached weavers, pay them wages
Co-operatives Formation
In this context, I like to inform that Santipur-Phulia region is a weaver-concentrated area and approximate
42,000 looms are operated in the area and about 95,000 people are engaged in allied work of weaving . An
individual weaver cannot create those units properly and he/she should depend on the cooperatives. So,
cooperative based development is seen in the region out of the total major 65 handloom cooperative is registered
in 2002-03 in West Bengal under this there are only 11 cooperatives active now in Nadia District and 6
Cooperatives are seen in Phulia of which 4 handloom cooperatives are active now in Phulia.Handloom
Cooperatives are:
1) Handloom Weavers Cooperative Society: It is established at the 1st registered handloom cooperative society
of Phulia township.
2) Fulia Tangail Shari Bayan Silpa Samabay Samity Ltd: Fulia progotisil tatubay samity
3) Nutan Fulia Tantubay Samabay Samity Ltd.
4) Tangail Tantujibi Unnayan Samabay Samity Ltd.
Female handloom cooperatives in Phulia are:
1. Ashanandapura Mahila cooperative society (1980)
2. Sutragarh Narimukti samity
3. Dhakapura Mahila samabai samity limited.
4. Santipur Garhpara Narimukti Tantubai samity(1984)
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Household Income Level
The house hold income of Santipur changed widely after generating various source of income which are
created by the development of handloom cooperative .Earlier in the area the household income of the people of
was relatively low. On the basis of the data collected in the primary survey the income level of the people is
divided into five classes ranging from less than less than 2000, 2000 to 4000, 4000 to 6000, 6000 to 8000 and
above 8000 rupees. The maximum share of people had income level in between 4000 to 6000 and next highest
portion of people fall in the income level 2000 to 4000 . The number of people in the two income level that is
more than 8000 and less than 2000 is very less in number .This comparison reflects the improvement of
economic standard of maximum respondents in Santipur. Thus, maximum people who were low income group
in earlier become middle income group according to income level. Thus there is need of job generation by
Government Organisation and also providing financial aid to the needy people to more development of the area.
Production to Promotion
Production: Traditional Sarees:This is main production of original gharana which are being changed
slowly in design, pattern as per customers’ likings i.e. a) on pure basic gharana, b) modernized and
ornamented saree on basic gharana, c) newly inclusion of light weight and feather-feeling saree of
modern style with antic touch for the customers of good taste – namely, Ambari, Panchali, Gandhari,
Nayansukh, Kadambari etc. It’s may be called ‘Non-Traditional Tangail’.
Production: Exportable Cloth: Diversified production to keep target to the abroad customers for the
betterment of marketing and more wages earning for the weavers. This export oriented weaving started
first with the encouragement of HHEC and one their Japanese customer Mr. Yurgen Lahl. a well-
known Textile Designer of Japan. Types of exportable cloths are Scarves, stoles, made-ups etc. Dress-
materials etc.
Sale:Saree: Direct sale to the customer though retail showroom, exhibitions and to whole-sellers of all
over India. B) Exportable Products: The Society doesn’t sale direct to the aboard market; they export
their production through various merchant exporters to the market of JAPAN, ITALI, USA, UK,
AUTRALIA, GERMANY and Middle East countries.
Source:Tangail Tantujibi Unnyan Samabay Samity Ltd.
Raw-materials used:All yarn of natural fibre like cotton, silk, wool, linen, muga, tussar, matka
etc.
Dying arrangement: the society has its own dye-house to dye in both natural and chemical
dyeing methods. All the dyes particulars are ensured Eco-friendly according to international standard.
Steps are taken in the mean time to modernize the dyeing unite. Installation work of modern Hank-
dyeing machines, Boiler and Effluent Treatment Plant started and expected to be completed within few
months.
Sampling cum Training Centre: Various types of samples are being made here. Training programme
on request of Govt. of Assam. Mainly women handloom artisans of Assam State are having weaving
up gradation training batch by batch consisting 20 to 25 trainees in each batch for the period of 25
days. This training begun 3 years before. In 1st
year 130 and in 2nd
year 259 artisans have got training,
this year also training started and will continue during whole year. This programme is sponsored by the
State Institute of Rural Development, Guwahaty, Assam.
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Structure of the Cluster
Core Cluster Actors : The Core actors of the cluster are the weavers, master weavers. The evolution
of the weavers into the Master Weavers tells about the organic relation that these core cluster actors
enjoy amongst themselves. This further shows how the growth of the cluster has provided opportunities
to a weaver to develop into a master weaver.
Master Weavers: Previously this category of weavers were engaged in weaving only, but today they
undertake the overall responsibility of supplying the raw material to the weavers, provide the design
and pay wages to the grass root level weavers; and then supply the sarees to Mahajans. Mahajans
provide design and colour information and a better price realisation for the saree, but on the other hand
make the transactions on credit. There are around 700 master weavers actively involved in production
activities of the cluster. It is estimated that in total, these master weavers have 16,050 working looms,
and equal number of weavers working as labours. A part of the production of master weavers is also
sold in the local haat of Santipur. The modal unit size of the master weavers is 4 looms. There are few
master weavers having 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 looms under one shed. The master weavers apart from the
weaving earning of one loom earn profit margins from the products weaved on the loom engaged by
the labour.
Weavers: There are about 20,000 working looms and 60,000 persons involved directly / indirectly in
the weaving and preparatory activities. The women basically undertake the preparatory works like
separation of hanks, sizing, pirn winding. There are around 111 different weaving communities namely
the “Pramanik” , “Kastha” , “Dalal” , “Khan” etc. etc. Majority of the weavers belong to Tantuvay
community. All the weavers have good weaving skills for weaving saree on Jacquard looms. The
average earning of the weaver family is in the range of Rs. 1500 – Rs. 2000 per month.
Dyers: Dyeing is basically carried out in the dyeing unit. There are about 90 units doing dyeing as a
commercial activity. These units, based on the quantity of yarn dyed are categorized into large,
medium and small units. 60% of the total yarn sales are in the coloured yarn form, and the remaining
40% is in the grey form. The yarn traders employ the large and medium scale for dyeing where as the
small-scale unit does the job work for the master weavers.
Designers: There are about 100 small designers in the cluster, who do designing work on their own
creativity and imagination. They neither have a formal education nor a mechanism to update their
knowledge skills. For Lack exposure their skill are traditional based. Their main role in the cluster is to
do costing for the master weaver, and supply them the punch cards for the Jacquard.
Source: Field Survey
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Major Problems
Production: 11 items of cloths are reserved only for handloom industry in our country. As per
rules, it is punishable offence to weave these 11 items in power loom and mill. But of these reserved
items are being weaving very openly and plenty in number in power loom. So many power looms are
illegally running in Aishtala, Birnagar, Ranaghat, Swarupgonj and Nabadwip in Nadia district and
easily producing ditto copy of Tangail and Santipuri saree in very large quantity and flooded our
handloom market by these cheaper-price cloths. Our handloom are failed to complete with them. There
is a Govt. department to protect this illegal weaving, but they do nothing at all.
Marketing: For marketing of their products most of the weavers and cooperative societies
depend on private traders and do not able to get responsible price of their products. There are no large
sized Central whole sales Organizations for boldly marketing of handloom goods. Direct retail and
exhibition sales are not all only solution of marketing problems of handloom industry.
Wages: The present weaving wages is so low that weavers are not being able to maintain their
living and as a result a large number of handloom workers are going outside the state in search of other
lobs.
Our handloom industry has no way to abstain them from sad outgoing of the expert artisans of
renowned weaving places like Fulia, Santipur etc.
Finance: The commercial Banks are less interested to give finance to the weavers.
Unorganized artisans cannot think, even in dream, to have bank loans. The master weavers are also
refused by the banks, when the badly call for of capital, having no means they are bound to take loan
from the village money lenders at the highest rate of interest which resulting badly on the whole
industry.
Export Import: At the time of last September (2011) an undesirable deal has been signed
and started its execution officially between India and Bangladesh through the announcement by our
Hon’ble Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh during his Dhaka visit. As per deal 47 types of cotton
cloths are being importing from Bangladesh which, in the mean time, make cloth-flood in our market.
Most of the Master weavers of Fulia and Gaddiwala of Kolkata are selling those adulterate fabrics
made by power-loom designating the as handloom cloths of Fulia and Santipur.
VI. Protection and Promotion of Handloom
Protection
The first and final point to protect the handloom weavers from leaving off their traditional occupation
are to assure reasonable earnings for maintains their livelihood. This may be possible by:
(a) Forming and strengthening the Apex or Central Marketing Organizations to reduce/avoid
avaricious middleman between the weavers and consumers.
(b) The Central organization/ Apex should to protect from corruption and policies and also from
aggressions of powerful and malicious Private Traders (Mahajans).
(c) Linking directly with the retail business of Multi National Companies so as the weavers can get
actual price of their products.
(d) Direct Bank loan to the weavers as working capital at minimum rate of interest. The policy and
Proforma application should be simple so that the applicant himself can complete formalities to get loan
without any help of broker or commission agent.
(e) Easy availability of raw materials at every handloom centres at reasonable price.
(f) Steps to be taken strictly to protect handloom industry from the aggression of power looms.
(g) Aware the weavers about fastness of colours and eco-friendly dye-stuff ect.
(h) Awareness to diversify the production, especially for export market to earn better income.
(i) Assure them all types of social security and peaceful environment in their working and living place.
Promotion
a) Infrastructure should be well developed of the place of work like House, Work shade with link road, light &
water supply, sanitation etc.
b) Proper health facilities like hospital treatment, life & medical insurance. All the wale fare scheme of Govt.
should be implemented properly and honestly.
c) Alternate occupation like Garment Industry is to established in every main handloom centres so that the
women members of weavers families can get jobs by this handloom based industry. The local made
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handloom cloths are to be used easily in comparatively cheaper price which also increase the diversified
products for fulfill the requirement of local garment industry.
d) Urban Haat can solve to some extent the marketing problems.
e) Model weaver’s village conception can fruitfully develop the overall Industry and lifestyles of the
handloom artisans of the country.
VII. Conclusion
Since ancient times, Santipur and the surrounding region has been famous for handloom sarees. The handloom
weaving style unique to this region is famously known as Santipuri Sari. After the partition of India, Bengal was
split into two major regions. West Bengal became a part of India and East Bengal became East Pakistan
(Bangladesh). Many skilled weavers from Dhaka at present situated in Bangladesh, migrated to West Bengal
and settled around the areas of Santipur and Kalna (Ambika Kalna).But now a days condition of handloom
industry is very bad and fall under tragic situation. People who live here mostly, are very poor . Middle aged
people are unable to sustain a living in this area due to the lack of availability of job resources hence are
compelled to migrate to other states in search of better jobs. Mostly old age people and females are engaged in
weaving. Though once weaving was their primary occupation, it failed to earn reasonable money for them, so
they dropped weaving from their priority list. Now only to conserve their tradition they have stuck to weaving.
So now people are not wholly dependent on weaving and many of them have turned to agriculture for a better
living.Middle men are one of the problem that local weavers face. They grab major portion of the production‟s
profit and don‟t let the weavers get what they truly deserve.Middle aged population of Santipur specially the
male ones, migrate to other states like Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Bengaluru, Maharashtra for better job
opportunities where they are resolved to take such menial works like bell boy in hotels,labourers,masons etc. It
is such a pity that despite being well skilled in weaving industry they are disheartened to further pursue a
livelihood in this field as it doesn‟t pay them well. To reduce this migration problem, they should be included as
an integral part of the cooperative system. Government inefficiencies is a major problem that the weavers face.
Schemes are not executed properly and all of the money and the facilities not reached to the grass root people.
They are totally deprived. So that planning execution is essential by which local people could get those facilities
properly.
People are enjoying a moderately better condition due to that cooperative system development. But government
support and help for the development is very much essential.In Santipur government ineffectiveness has
worsened the weavers situation. But at Phulia people work together by forming cooperatives but they can not
achieve up to their potentiality without significant government help. Government is inactive in promoting this
Phulian Tangail sharee industry It is also inactive in export promotion. So more government efforts are required
to head towards success in Phulia. All the weavers who are joined in the weaving programme they are all not the
member of the cooperatives some weaver works through Mahajans and some are individual workers but who are
joined with cooperative societies, they are much reacher than the others. A migration (inter district as well as
intra district) is seen in Phulia where other side people like from North Dinajpur, Cooch Bihar seen,Jalpaiguri,
Murshidabad where we see some very small handloom cluster in West Bengal but the weavers migrate in Phulia
because here they could get much money from other place of the India and also in West Bengal and a migration
seen here from other parts of Santipur handloom cluster. Basically young age people are coming here for more
job opportunity and we know that people are migrated from various places of West Bengal and those people are
young in age. They engaged in this profession because of attractive income range. One of the important thing is
seen in Phulia is that here we see some Handloom Cooperatives. We know that all over the Santipur Handloom
cluster contains many Cooperatives but some Cooperatives are closed today and some are active but those
cooperatives can not act properly. Export promotion is an important part of Phulian handloom industry and
Cooperatives export its products with the help of some foreign market agents or agencies but Government
inefficiency is seen in export promotion. The house hold income of Phulia changed widely after generating
various source of income which are created by the development of handloom cooperative .Earlier in the area the
household income of the people of was relatively low. Now people are enjoying various rural development
schemes such as Annapunna yojana, Antadoya Anna Yojana, IAY, Old Age Pension,Health Card,Mahatma
Ghandhi Boomkar Bima Yojona Card etc but these schemes are not properly reach to the needy people. Medical
facility is also good here and peoples of Phulia went to Municipal Hospital for any medical check up and they
they have to go in Ranaghat Sadar Hospital for any critical case. The occupational structure of the Phulia is
composed of workers, non-workers and marginal workers and secondary sector is much higher rather primary or
tertiary sector.
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