West Bengal had a great heritage of cotton textile industry from the very ancient period of time. This work was traditionally done by rural artisans, they reflected their hope, aspiration, and their life style through their design , the brilliant mix of colours which is admired all over the world. Bardhaman cluster is recognised as one of the heritage cluster of West Bengal among twenty renowned cluster all over the country and well known for Nakshipar Tangail saree and Jamdani saree weaving. Integrated Cluster Development Scheme has launched by Ministry of Textile in 2005-06, the main aim of this project is to make our age old traditional handloom industry globally competitive and protect this sector from the threats of power loom. Therefore this paper is concerned with the several features of Bardhaman cluster under Integrated Cluster Development Scheme and also make a SWOT analysis to highlight the strength and opportunities and recover the weakness and threat by innovative marketing strategies
The handloom industry in India provides employment to over 4.3 million people and accounts for 14.9% of the country's total cloth production, making it the second largest employment sector in rural India after agriculture. It is comprised of over 2.3 million looms operated across thousands of villages and towns. While handloom products face competition from other countries, the industry has potential for growth in domestic and international markets through improved marketing, product development, and process efficiencies.
The document discusses India's silk industry, which provides livelihood for over 6 million people. Sericulture is an important labor-intensive industry operating in over 54,000 villages. India is the second largest silk manufacturer globally, producing different varieties of silk like mulberry, tasar, eri and muga. The industry engages many small farmers and has shown growth domestically and internationally due to innovations. It remains an important source of income and jobs in rural India.
Handloom Cluster of India: A Case Study Santipur Handloom Clusterinventionjournals
Handloom industry is the largest cottage industry providing widest avenues for employment opportunities, next to agriculture, prime thrust has been given to implementation of schemes for promotion and development of handloom & Khadi sectors. From the beginning „co-operative‟ has been considered to be the ideal infrastructural institution for implementation of various schemes for development of decentralised cottage industry like handlooms. Almost all schemes are therefore formulated co-operative oriented. Emphasis has also been laid upon formation of co-operatives with handloom weavers. Handlooms are a key element of the West Bengal economy. The Handloom Census of 1987-88 indicated West Bengal population of handloom weavers at 1246005, with 3,38,499 looms. Of this, almost 23% were members of the poorer and relatively disadvantaged Scheduled Castes (SC) and Other Backward Class(OBC). Amongst the population of weavers almost 80% worked on a full-time basis as weavers, and the industry provided direct employment to 304845 persons. As per census conducted by the Ministry of Textiles, Govt of India in 1995-96, in West Bengal there are 3,50,994 handlooms providing direct and indirect employment to about 6,66,514 persons. Here the study focused on the emergence of the Santipur Handloom Cluster and how it works, production process, Status of Weavers & Income level are analyzed critically
1. A handloom is a device used for weaving cloth where majority of work is done by hand and legs, unlike a powerloom which requires less human involvement.
2. There are two main manual operations in handloom weaving - fly shuttling and peddling, which create the vertical and horizontal alignment of yarn threads to produce cloth.
3. Handlooms produce higher quality cloth but at a lower production rate and with lower investment than powerlooms, which operate electrically but produce lower quality cloth at higher investment and production rates.
This presentation provides an overview of the handloom industry in Bangladesh. It discusses that handloom refers to any loom operated wholly or partly by hand, and the main types include pit loom, hattersey loom, vertical loom, and frame loom. The key processes for woven fabric manufacturing are also outlined. The handloom sector is an important generator of rural employment in Bangladesh, accounting for 14.9% of total cloth production. Several districts are known for specific handloom products like jamdani from Narayangonj and Tangail muslin from Tangail. The handloom industry supports over 1 million weavers and contributes over 10 billion taka annually to the Bangladeshi economy.
The document discusses India's handloom industry. It notes that handloom weaving started in India between 5000-3000 BC and remains an important cottage industry. The handloom sector provides the largest non-farm employment in rural India, engaging over 65 lakh people. It accounts for 14.9% of total cloth production in the country. Each state has distinctive handloom styles and products like Sambalpuri sarees in Odisha. While handloom faces competition from powerlooms, it continues to be important for rural livelihoods and showcasing Indian culture.
Pochampally, located 46km from Hyderabad, is renowned for its handloom weaving traditions, particularly silk sari production. A weaver's cooperative society was established in 1950 to support the local handloom industry. However, production has declined significantly due to several factors, including a disconnection from changing markets, a lack of education and interest from younger generations, and insufficient government support. The traditional weaving process involves 18 intricate steps, from preparing and dyeing the raw silk to the final weaving of the sari on looms.
The handloom industry in India provides employment to over 4.3 million people and accounts for 14.9% of the country's total cloth production, making it the second largest employment sector in rural India after agriculture. It is comprised of over 2.3 million looms operated across thousands of villages and towns. While handloom products face competition from other countries, the industry has potential for growth in domestic and international markets through improved marketing, product development, and process efficiencies.
The document discusses India's silk industry, which provides livelihood for over 6 million people. Sericulture is an important labor-intensive industry operating in over 54,000 villages. India is the second largest silk manufacturer globally, producing different varieties of silk like mulberry, tasar, eri and muga. The industry engages many small farmers and has shown growth domestically and internationally due to innovations. It remains an important source of income and jobs in rural India.
Handloom Cluster of India: A Case Study Santipur Handloom Clusterinventionjournals
Handloom industry is the largest cottage industry providing widest avenues for employment opportunities, next to agriculture, prime thrust has been given to implementation of schemes for promotion and development of handloom & Khadi sectors. From the beginning „co-operative‟ has been considered to be the ideal infrastructural institution for implementation of various schemes for development of decentralised cottage industry like handlooms. Almost all schemes are therefore formulated co-operative oriented. Emphasis has also been laid upon formation of co-operatives with handloom weavers. Handlooms are a key element of the West Bengal economy. The Handloom Census of 1987-88 indicated West Bengal population of handloom weavers at 1246005, with 3,38,499 looms. Of this, almost 23% were members of the poorer and relatively disadvantaged Scheduled Castes (SC) and Other Backward Class(OBC). Amongst the population of weavers almost 80% worked on a full-time basis as weavers, and the industry provided direct employment to 304845 persons. As per census conducted by the Ministry of Textiles, Govt of India in 1995-96, in West Bengal there are 3,50,994 handlooms providing direct and indirect employment to about 6,66,514 persons. Here the study focused on the emergence of the Santipur Handloom Cluster and how it works, production process, Status of Weavers & Income level are analyzed critically
1. A handloom is a device used for weaving cloth where majority of work is done by hand and legs, unlike a powerloom which requires less human involvement.
2. There are two main manual operations in handloom weaving - fly shuttling and peddling, which create the vertical and horizontal alignment of yarn threads to produce cloth.
3. Handlooms produce higher quality cloth but at a lower production rate and with lower investment than powerlooms, which operate electrically but produce lower quality cloth at higher investment and production rates.
This presentation provides an overview of the handloom industry in Bangladesh. It discusses that handloom refers to any loom operated wholly or partly by hand, and the main types include pit loom, hattersey loom, vertical loom, and frame loom. The key processes for woven fabric manufacturing are also outlined. The handloom sector is an important generator of rural employment in Bangladesh, accounting for 14.9% of total cloth production. Several districts are known for specific handloom products like jamdani from Narayangonj and Tangail muslin from Tangail. The handloom industry supports over 1 million weavers and contributes over 10 billion taka annually to the Bangladeshi economy.
The document discusses India's handloom industry. It notes that handloom weaving started in India between 5000-3000 BC and remains an important cottage industry. The handloom sector provides the largest non-farm employment in rural India, engaging over 65 lakh people. It accounts for 14.9% of total cloth production in the country. Each state has distinctive handloom styles and products like Sambalpuri sarees in Odisha. While handloom faces competition from powerlooms, it continues to be important for rural livelihoods and showcasing Indian culture.
Pochampally, located 46km from Hyderabad, is renowned for its handloom weaving traditions, particularly silk sari production. A weaver's cooperative society was established in 1950 to support the local handloom industry. However, production has declined significantly due to several factors, including a disconnection from changing markets, a lack of education and interest from younger generations, and insufficient government support. The traditional weaving process involves 18 intricate steps, from preparing and dyeing the raw silk to the final weaving of the sari on looms.
This document provides an overview of the handloom weaving process in India from growing cotton to final production. It discusses the key steps of spinning yarn, dyeing, warping, sizing, attaching the warp to the loom, weft winding, and weaving. The handloom industry in Andhra Pradesh employs over 200,000 weavers organized through primary weaving cooperatives. While mechanization has impacted some steps, handloom weaving remains an important source of rural employment in India.
The role and working of handloom sector in chhattisgarhIRJET Journal
The document discusses the handloom sector in Chhattisgarh, India. It finds that the central region of Chhattisgarh has the maximum number of handloom units. The number of weaving cooperatives, active looms, and weavers are all interconnected - an increase in one leads to an increase in the others and higher handloom production. Among all districts, Janjgir-Champa has the highest handloom production, particularly known for its kosa/tussar fabrics in domestic and international markets.
This document summarizes a study of the handloom weaving cluster in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. It finds that Madurai has a long history of weaving dating back centuries. A survey of weavers in the area found that most are illiterate men who have been weaving for decades. They weave Kodambakkam sarees manually for societies or private owners and earn low wages. While weaving is their sole source of income, most do not want their children to continue in the profession due to low pay and lack of opportunities. The study concludes that visiting the weavers' community provided valuable insights into their lives and challenges.
The handloom sector is a major employer in India, employing over 4 million people across thousands of villages. It accounts for around 15% of total cloth production in India. Some key production centers include Haryana, Andhra Pradesh, and Kerala. Exports of handloom products have been growing, with major markets in the US, UK, Germany and Japan. The Handloom Export Promotion Council works to promote exports of fabrics, home furnishings and carpets. India faces competition in the textile sector from countries like the US, UK, and China.
Handloom products in India are uniquely crafted by hand on looms without machines. Traditional Indian clothing like the saree and dhoti originated from handlooms. Each handloom product is individually unique even if designs appear similar. The Indian government established the Office of the Development Commissioner for Handlooms in 1975 to promote handlooms. It aims to develop the "India Handloom" brand focused on high quality, socially and environmentally compliant products to attract high-end consumers. The voluntary scheme will encourage producers to maintain product quality standards for materials, processing, packaging and labeling while conserving cultural traditions and increasing weavers' incomes.
The handloom industry in India is the largest cottage industry, employing over 65 lakh people across 23.77 lakh looms. It began between 5000-3000 BC and provides employment in rural areas. Some famous Indian handloom products include Sambalpuri sarees from Odisha, Chanderi muslin, Varanasi silk brocades, and handicrafts from various states. The government supports the industry through organizations to help with exports, development, and marketing. However, the industry faces challenges from cheaper powerloom imitations and needs to focus on quality and demand for its long-term viability.
Copy of chairperson presentation 18 nov. 2006Adane Nega
1. The Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Rural Industrialization studied methods to modernize and improve khadi production techniques through applied research projects.
2. Key projects included developing finishing, dyeing with natural dyes, and mercerization techniques for khadi fabrics and demonstrating the technologies across different khadi institutions in India.
3. The first technology transferred was stiff and soft finishing of khadi garments through a model unit set up in Barabanki, which improved the quality, sale, and market acceptance of khadi products.
R & d activities in khadi sector – 15.11.03, iitdAdane Nega
This document summarizes R&D activities conducted by the Khadi and Textile department of IIT Delhi to improve the quality of Khadi products. Some key projects included standardizing finishing techniques for Khadi garments, developing a quality assurance manual, modifying equipment like the charkha, and utilizing natural dyes. Technology demonstrations were conducted across India. A model garment finishing and manufacturing unit was also established based on feedback. The work contributed to positioning Khadi to meet future challenges through technological upgrades.
Hand loom presentation For Textile Student By MD Sumsuzzoha BappyMdSumsuzzohaBappy
It Has been prepared for Know About hand loom On Textile student and all other person...i wish It work on any person.Obviously it helping on another people and very helpful to us...
Gollabhama saris from Siddipet district of Telangana, India are named after the Gollabhama communities of cattle herders who traditionally adorned themselves in bright colors. The saris feature unique motifs and designs drawn from these communities, including images of milk pots and depictions of Krishna receiving offerings from the Gollabhama. The handwoven saris are produced using tie-dye techniques with natural dyes on cotton or silk fabrics. The Siddipet handloom cooperative society was established in 1960 to preserve the craft and provide marketing support to the weavers.
Value additiadion to khadi through design inputsAdane Nega
The document discusses different textile manufacturing sectors in India including organized mills, decentralized sectors like power looms and handlooms, and khadi. It describes the production processes, scales, employment and other characteristics of these sectors. It then discusses how value can be added to khadi fabric through design inputs like printing, weaving, embroidery and other techniques to make khadi more fashionable and commercially viable.
Khadi is a hand-spun and hand-woven fabric that originated in India. It gained significance during the Indian independence movement led by Mahatma Gandhi as a symbol of self-reliance and nationalism. The Khadi and Village Industries Commission was established in 1956 to promote the production of khadi and other village industries. Many famous fashion designers in India and abroad now feature khadi in their collections due to its eco-friendly qualities and connection to Indian heritage. New technologies like e-charkhas aim to modernize khadi production while keeping its traditional methods.
Handloom sector is contributing to generation rural employment and income increase, alleviating rural poverty, substituting imports, and increasing potentials for exports.The handloom weaving industry is one of the ancient cottage industries in Bangladesh.
A Study On Handloom Weaver’s With Special References To Kinnal Village Koppal...Mailarappa kuni
This document provides an introduction to a study on handloom weavers in Kinnal Village, Koppal Taluk, Karnataka. It discusses the problems of rural unemployment, inequality and poverty in India's rural economy. Promotion of handicrafts, handlooms and small industries have been objectives to address these issues. The study area of Kinnal Village is introduced. Handlooms have historically been important to Karnataka's economy and culture, though the industry declined under British rule and has received government support since independence. Mahatma Gandhi promoted khadi (homespun cloth) to revive the handloom industry and support India's self-sufficiency.
An overview of Cotton Textile Industry at Dhaniakhali Block of Hooghly Districtiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Application of downsized technology in khadi sectorAdane Nega
This document discusses the application of downsized technology in the khadi sector in India. It provides background on khadi and how Mahatma Gandhi used it as a symbol of self-reliance. It then discusses how modern technology impacted the khadi industry negatively. The paper aims to review technologies used in khadi production and provide improvements to increase quality and marketability. It presents a case study where modern finishing technologies were introduced to improve quality and establish a model production unit. The philosophy was to adapt existing technologies from other sectors rather than develop new ones. The summary concludes by stating statistics on khadi production and employment.
Silk Mark Authorised Users and salesmen are given training about Natural Silk, Silk Mark and other aspects for purchase and sale of pure silk materials
This is a presentation prepare by me in October, 2008 for a meeting organised, on crisis in handloom sector in India, for handloom weavers and their leadership
This document provides an overview of Mahatma Gandhi's promotion of khadi (hand-spun and hand-woven cloth) in India. It discusses the history of textile production in India, how the British industrialization negatively impacted Indian handloom weavers, and Gandhi's role in championing khadi as a way to economically and politically empower people. After independence, organizations like the All India Khadi and Village Industries Board were formed to continue developing and promoting khadi.
El documento habla sobre cómo gestionar a los trabajadores de nivel operativo de una manera que fomente su productividad y compromiso. Propone implantar una cultura que valore su trabajo y desarrolle su potencial, dándoles autonomía e involucrándolos en la visión de la empresa. También enfatiza la importancia de reconocer sus logros, clarificar la estrategia, y crear un ambiente donde puedan innovar y divertirse en el trabajo.
The Effect of Benzophenone Photo-Initiator on Some Mechanical Properties of P...theijes
The effect of benzophenone photo-initiator on some mechanical properties of photo-oxidized polypropylene / thermoplastic starch blends has been investigated. Polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) was used as compatibilizer while benzophenone served as photo-initiator. The various polypropylene / thermoplastic starch blend samples were compounded in an injection moulding machine. The already weighed prepared blend samples were subjected to photo-oxidation in an open atmosphere to sunlight at an inclination angle of 45 o C for a period of six (6) months at regular intervals of zero (0), three (3), and six (6) months during the dry season. The effect of benzophenone photo-initiator on the blends was evaluated by mechanical property measurements and weight losses. Experimental results obtained showed that the tensile strength, and extension at break of the photo-oxidized polypropylene / thermoplastic starch blended samples were found to decrease with increases in thermoplastic starch, and benzophenone content, while the impact strength, hardness, and weight losses of the blend samples increased with increases in the maleic- graft- anhydride polypropylene, and benzophenone contents as well as periods of exposure
This document provides an overview of the handloom weaving process in India from growing cotton to final production. It discusses the key steps of spinning yarn, dyeing, warping, sizing, attaching the warp to the loom, weft winding, and weaving. The handloom industry in Andhra Pradesh employs over 200,000 weavers organized through primary weaving cooperatives. While mechanization has impacted some steps, handloom weaving remains an important source of rural employment in India.
The role and working of handloom sector in chhattisgarhIRJET Journal
The document discusses the handloom sector in Chhattisgarh, India. It finds that the central region of Chhattisgarh has the maximum number of handloom units. The number of weaving cooperatives, active looms, and weavers are all interconnected - an increase in one leads to an increase in the others and higher handloom production. Among all districts, Janjgir-Champa has the highest handloom production, particularly known for its kosa/tussar fabrics in domestic and international markets.
This document summarizes a study of the handloom weaving cluster in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. It finds that Madurai has a long history of weaving dating back centuries. A survey of weavers in the area found that most are illiterate men who have been weaving for decades. They weave Kodambakkam sarees manually for societies or private owners and earn low wages. While weaving is their sole source of income, most do not want their children to continue in the profession due to low pay and lack of opportunities. The study concludes that visiting the weavers' community provided valuable insights into their lives and challenges.
The handloom sector is a major employer in India, employing over 4 million people across thousands of villages. It accounts for around 15% of total cloth production in India. Some key production centers include Haryana, Andhra Pradesh, and Kerala. Exports of handloom products have been growing, with major markets in the US, UK, Germany and Japan. The Handloom Export Promotion Council works to promote exports of fabrics, home furnishings and carpets. India faces competition in the textile sector from countries like the US, UK, and China.
Handloom products in India are uniquely crafted by hand on looms without machines. Traditional Indian clothing like the saree and dhoti originated from handlooms. Each handloom product is individually unique even if designs appear similar. The Indian government established the Office of the Development Commissioner for Handlooms in 1975 to promote handlooms. It aims to develop the "India Handloom" brand focused on high quality, socially and environmentally compliant products to attract high-end consumers. The voluntary scheme will encourage producers to maintain product quality standards for materials, processing, packaging and labeling while conserving cultural traditions and increasing weavers' incomes.
The handloom industry in India is the largest cottage industry, employing over 65 lakh people across 23.77 lakh looms. It began between 5000-3000 BC and provides employment in rural areas. Some famous Indian handloom products include Sambalpuri sarees from Odisha, Chanderi muslin, Varanasi silk brocades, and handicrafts from various states. The government supports the industry through organizations to help with exports, development, and marketing. However, the industry faces challenges from cheaper powerloom imitations and needs to focus on quality and demand for its long-term viability.
Copy of chairperson presentation 18 nov. 2006Adane Nega
1. The Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Rural Industrialization studied methods to modernize and improve khadi production techniques through applied research projects.
2. Key projects included developing finishing, dyeing with natural dyes, and mercerization techniques for khadi fabrics and demonstrating the technologies across different khadi institutions in India.
3. The first technology transferred was stiff and soft finishing of khadi garments through a model unit set up in Barabanki, which improved the quality, sale, and market acceptance of khadi products.
R & d activities in khadi sector – 15.11.03, iitdAdane Nega
This document summarizes R&D activities conducted by the Khadi and Textile department of IIT Delhi to improve the quality of Khadi products. Some key projects included standardizing finishing techniques for Khadi garments, developing a quality assurance manual, modifying equipment like the charkha, and utilizing natural dyes. Technology demonstrations were conducted across India. A model garment finishing and manufacturing unit was also established based on feedback. The work contributed to positioning Khadi to meet future challenges through technological upgrades.
Hand loom presentation For Textile Student By MD Sumsuzzoha BappyMdSumsuzzohaBappy
It Has been prepared for Know About hand loom On Textile student and all other person...i wish It work on any person.Obviously it helping on another people and very helpful to us...
Gollabhama saris from Siddipet district of Telangana, India are named after the Gollabhama communities of cattle herders who traditionally adorned themselves in bright colors. The saris feature unique motifs and designs drawn from these communities, including images of milk pots and depictions of Krishna receiving offerings from the Gollabhama. The handwoven saris are produced using tie-dye techniques with natural dyes on cotton or silk fabrics. The Siddipet handloom cooperative society was established in 1960 to preserve the craft and provide marketing support to the weavers.
Value additiadion to khadi through design inputsAdane Nega
The document discusses different textile manufacturing sectors in India including organized mills, decentralized sectors like power looms and handlooms, and khadi. It describes the production processes, scales, employment and other characteristics of these sectors. It then discusses how value can be added to khadi fabric through design inputs like printing, weaving, embroidery and other techniques to make khadi more fashionable and commercially viable.
Khadi is a hand-spun and hand-woven fabric that originated in India. It gained significance during the Indian independence movement led by Mahatma Gandhi as a symbol of self-reliance and nationalism. The Khadi and Village Industries Commission was established in 1956 to promote the production of khadi and other village industries. Many famous fashion designers in India and abroad now feature khadi in their collections due to its eco-friendly qualities and connection to Indian heritage. New technologies like e-charkhas aim to modernize khadi production while keeping its traditional methods.
Handloom sector is contributing to generation rural employment and income increase, alleviating rural poverty, substituting imports, and increasing potentials for exports.The handloom weaving industry is one of the ancient cottage industries in Bangladesh.
A Study On Handloom Weaver’s With Special References To Kinnal Village Koppal...Mailarappa kuni
This document provides an introduction to a study on handloom weavers in Kinnal Village, Koppal Taluk, Karnataka. It discusses the problems of rural unemployment, inequality and poverty in India's rural economy. Promotion of handicrafts, handlooms and small industries have been objectives to address these issues. The study area of Kinnal Village is introduced. Handlooms have historically been important to Karnataka's economy and culture, though the industry declined under British rule and has received government support since independence. Mahatma Gandhi promoted khadi (homespun cloth) to revive the handloom industry and support India's self-sufficiency.
An overview of Cotton Textile Industry at Dhaniakhali Block of Hooghly Districtiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Application of downsized technology in khadi sectorAdane Nega
This document discusses the application of downsized technology in the khadi sector in India. It provides background on khadi and how Mahatma Gandhi used it as a symbol of self-reliance. It then discusses how modern technology impacted the khadi industry negatively. The paper aims to review technologies used in khadi production and provide improvements to increase quality and marketability. It presents a case study where modern finishing technologies were introduced to improve quality and establish a model production unit. The philosophy was to adapt existing technologies from other sectors rather than develop new ones. The summary concludes by stating statistics on khadi production and employment.
Silk Mark Authorised Users and salesmen are given training about Natural Silk, Silk Mark and other aspects for purchase and sale of pure silk materials
This is a presentation prepare by me in October, 2008 for a meeting organised, on crisis in handloom sector in India, for handloom weavers and their leadership
This document provides an overview of Mahatma Gandhi's promotion of khadi (hand-spun and hand-woven cloth) in India. It discusses the history of textile production in India, how the British industrialization negatively impacted Indian handloom weavers, and Gandhi's role in championing khadi as a way to economically and politically empower people. After independence, organizations like the All India Khadi and Village Industries Board were formed to continue developing and promoting khadi.
El documento habla sobre cómo gestionar a los trabajadores de nivel operativo de una manera que fomente su productividad y compromiso. Propone implantar una cultura que valore su trabajo y desarrolle su potencial, dándoles autonomía e involucrándolos en la visión de la empresa. También enfatiza la importancia de reconocer sus logros, clarificar la estrategia, y crear un ambiente donde puedan innovar y divertirse en el trabajo.
The Effect of Benzophenone Photo-Initiator on Some Mechanical Properties of P...theijes
The effect of benzophenone photo-initiator on some mechanical properties of photo-oxidized polypropylene / thermoplastic starch blends has been investigated. Polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) was used as compatibilizer while benzophenone served as photo-initiator. The various polypropylene / thermoplastic starch blend samples were compounded in an injection moulding machine. The already weighed prepared blend samples were subjected to photo-oxidation in an open atmosphere to sunlight at an inclination angle of 45 o C for a period of six (6) months at regular intervals of zero (0), three (3), and six (6) months during the dry season. The effect of benzophenone photo-initiator on the blends was evaluated by mechanical property measurements and weight losses. Experimental results obtained showed that the tensile strength, and extension at break of the photo-oxidized polypropylene / thermoplastic starch blended samples were found to decrease with increases in thermoplastic starch, and benzophenone content, while the impact strength, hardness, and weight losses of the blend samples increased with increases in the maleic- graft- anhydride polypropylene, and benzophenone contents as well as periods of exposure
Este documento resume las actividades y resultados de CreatPalma, una organización que fomenta el espíritu emprendedor en Palma. CreatPalma ofrece sesiones informativas, asesoramiento, concursos de ideas de negocio, y espacios de trabajo compartido para emprendedores. En 2010, atendió a 331 estudiantes, evaluó 157 proyectos empresariales, y asesoró a más de 40 empresas.
Este documento describe la descentralización en Venezuela. Explica que la descentralización busca transferir el poder del gobierno central a autoridades locales para construir un país más justo y sólido. Describe los diferentes tipos de descentralización y las características de la descentralización en Venezuela como un proceso sociopolítico, económico, administrativo e institucional. También resume los órganos clave como los Consejos Comunales y el Consejo Federal de Gobierno que son parte del proceso de descentralización en el país.
Este documento clasifica y describe diferentes tipos de heridas causadas por armas, incluyendo heridas por armas blancas como cuchillos y flechas, heridas por armas de fuego según la distancia del disparo, y quemaduras de primero a tercer grado. Explica características como el tatuaje y anillo de contusión dejados por proyectiles, y síntomas de quemaduras como ampollas, dolor e inflamación.
Este documento descreve vários processos de separação de misturas, incluindo filtração simples e a vácuo, purificação por recristalização, sublimação e destilação. O objetivo era introduzir os alunos aos conceitos de misturas, fases e métodos de separação. Vários experimentos ilustraram cada processo, como a separação de Cu(OH)2 e NaSO4 através da filtração de uma mistura de CuSO4 e NaOH.
The document contains Usman Badar Siddiqui's resume, which details his contact information, 10 years of experience in finance and accounting roles in Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, including his current role as an Accounting Officer at Almarai Company, the largest FMCG company in Saudi Arabia, and previous role as an Accountant at Iantex Industries, a textile manufacturing firm in Pakistan. Siddiqui is seeking a new job and provides his qualifications, responsibilities in previous roles, languages spoken, and references.
Kathren Paige Moore seeks a management, administrative, accounting or marketing position. She has over 15 years of experience in various roles including executive assistant, accountant, office manager, and assistant marketing director for construction, real estate development, and custom home building companies. Moore has excellent people skills and experience with accounting software, project management, administrative tasks, and social media marketing.
This document contains the resume of Zubair Ahmed Khan, who has over 11 years of experience working with Microsoft technologies like ASP.NET and SQL Server. He has worked as a software engineer and developer for several companies in Pakistan on projects involving web and desktop applications. His specializations include databases, development technologies, programming languages, frameworks, markup languages, and development tools. He has a PhD in Computer Engineering and has published papers in computer engineering journals.
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A Detailed Analysis of Cotton Textile Industry at Bardhaman Cluster of West Bengal
1. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)
|| Volume || 6 || Issue || 1 || Pages || PP 33-39 || 2017 ||
ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 – 1805
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 33
A Detailed Analysis of Cotton Textile Industry at Bardhaman
Cluster of West Bengal
Sharmistha Sarkar
Research Scholar, Department of Geography, University of Calcutta
--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT-------------------------------------------------------------
West Bengal had a great heritage of cotton textile industry from the very ancient period of time. This work was
traditionally done by rural artisans, they reflected their hope, aspiration, and their life style through their
design , the brilliant mix of colours which is admired all over the world. Bardhaman cluster is recognised as
one of the heritage cluster of West Bengal among twenty renowned cluster all over the country and well known
for Nakshipar Tangail saree and Jamdani saree weaving. Integrated Cluster Development Scheme has launched
by Ministry of Textile in 2005-06, the main aim of this project is to make our age old traditional handloom
industry globally competitive and protect this sector from the threats of power loom. Therefore this paper is
concerned with the several features of Bardhaman cluster under Integrated Cluster Development Scheme and
also make a SWOT analysis to highlight the strength and opportunities and recover the weakness and threat by
innovative marketing strategies.
Keywords: Cluster, Master weavers, PWCS, ICDS, Handloom, Power Loom, SWOT.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date of Submission: 13 January 2017 Date of Accepted: 27 January 2017
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. INTRODUCTION
Handloom industry is one of the important labour intensive industry and this industry mainly run by the rural
artisan. So this industry has a great possibility to operate a profitable and productive way which can bring
economic development in the rural India. So,it is clear that, it may be used as a powerful tool in the context of
rural industrialisation of our country. None can deny it‟s many-folded solving ability. The study area of this
paper, Bardhaman, is a growing center of handloom industry since 1942 from the time of Asahajog Andolan. A
vast area of Bardhaman district (Katwa, Dhatrigram, Samudragarh, Tamaghata ) produce “Tangail Saree” and
“Jamdani Saree” which can easily compete with any kind of power loom products by their beautiful
craftsmanship, exclusive design, fine texture and attractive colour combination. Large number of weavers,
master weavers, PWCS weavers, skilled designers, a good connection with State level Handloom Development
Corporation “Tantusree” and “Tantuja” make this Bardhaman cluster one of the famous cluster in India.
II. STUDY AREA
Bardhaman district located south west part of West Bengal, the locational extent is 86.48 °E to 88.25 °E and
22.56 °N to 23.53 ° N.It covers an area of 7024 sq.km. and total population of the district is 7723663 according
to census 2011. The district consist of six subdivision in this district, they are Asansol, Durgapur, Kalna, Katwa,
Bardhaman sadar south, Bardhaman sadar north. There are 32 police stations, 31 development blocks, 2
municipal corporations,277 gram panchayats and 2438 villages in the district. Mainly two sub-divisions Katwa
& Kalna have concentration of handloom weavers. There are about 94,000 (approx) people who were engaged
in weaving either part or full time profession basis.
III. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This study is proposed to carry on with the following objectives:
To evaluate the functions of Integrated Cluster Development Scheme in this particular cluster.
To measure the progress of the cluster under this Integrated Cluster Development Scheme .
2. A Detailed Analysis Of Cotton Textile Industry At Bardhaman Cluster Of West Bengal
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 34
To analyse the working condition of small weaver, master weaver, private entrepreneurs based weavers of
this cluster.
To find out the threats and weakness of this cluster mainly which comes from power loom sector.
To formulate some innovative strategies which can flourish the marketing system of Bardhaman cluster.
IV. DATABASE AND METHODOLOGY
The paper is mainly deals with several secondary data. These secondary data has been collected from various
offices and from E-sources. To enrich the study a number of articles, books on cotton textile industry were
consulted. The related data of this paper mainly sourced by various Reports od Bardhaman cluster,District
Census Handbook, Handloom development Office, Chinsurah and Katwa, B.D.O. etc. Then the relevant data
and information have been organised, classified, tabulated , analysed by different statistical methods and
represented though suitable cartographic techniques .
V. A BRIEF BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY AREA
The time of origin of cotton manufacturing industry in Bardhaman district is partly unknown because of
scarcity of proper reliable data but according to Handloom development Office, Chinsurah and also other
sources the Bardhaman cluster was mainly growing since 1942. The weaving work is mainly done by a
particular weaving community called “Basak” community. These efficient weavers were migrated from
“Nowakhali” and “Tangail” district (at present under Bangladesh) before partition of India and settled in Katwa,
Dhatrigram, Samudragarh, Tamaghata area of Bardhaman district.
This renowned cluster of Bengal is full of small weavers, master weaver, PWCS weaver, individual private
weavers, skilled designer , various technical person who make computerised card and also “National Awardee
Weavers”. Bardhaman cluster also very close to various state level apexes like “Tantusree” and “Tantuja” which
can support and operate the marketing system of the cluster.
Though the main products of this cluster “Jamdani” and “Tangail” saree with Jacquard design but there are
product variation from one block to another ,they are as follows :
In Katwa- I and Katwa – II blocks, the main production is Gamcha, Lungi and 100s Tasar Tangail Saree
with buti design.
Purbasthali I and Purbasthali II are the two blocks where concentration of weavers are highest, so these two
blocks various product diversifications, such as- 100s Tangail Jamdani, Cotton Baluchori with Jacquard
design, 100s Tangail Naksha par, Jamdani saree using Jacquard ,Gamcha, Lungi, Skarf, home furnishing
materials etc.
The main product of Kalna block is 100s Tangail Saree with Jacquard.
Kethugram block of this cluster contain lowest number of weaver, Dhoti, Gamcha, Matha Sarees are mainly
produced in this cluster.
3. A Detailed Analysis Of Cotton Textile Industry At Bardhaman Cluster Of West Bengal
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 35
SOURCE: Handloom Development Office, Chinsurah.
NAME OF THE BLOCKS NO. OF WEAVERS
KATWA - I 1800
KATWA-II 750
KETHUGRAM -I 600
KETHUGRAM-II 480
PURBASTHALI - I 2800
PURBATHALI - II 5500
KALNA - I 4000
KALNA - II 3500
4. A Detailed Analysis Of Cotton Textile Industry At Bardhaman Cluster Of West Bengal
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 36
VI. HANDLOOM IN BENGAL
West Bengal had a great heritage of cotton textile industry from the very ancient period of time. This work was
traditionally done by rural artisans, they reflected their hope, aspiration, and their life style through their design ,
the brilliant mix of colours which is admired all over the world.
Tangail sari weaving in Phulia (Nadia)
Santipur and Phulia are the two most glorious name in cotton handloom map of West Bengal. Extra fine
Tangail sari, Jamdani sari with intricately embroidered, are produced from here. This handloom cluster is
mainly dominated by co-operative societies. In the ever challenging market in handloom industry this two
centres are able to make their own market by producing market driven design and make their feet strong in the
industry.
Cotton sari weaving in Dhaniakhali (Hooghly)
The cotton textile industry of Dhaniakhali was efficiently conducted by the rural artisans lived in the
surrounding villages like- Somaspur, Harpur, Brindabanpur, Dhaniakhali, Talbona, Konan,
Mahamaya,Mirjanagar etc. This was purely a cast based profession (Tantubay in Bengal).At the present time
there are four working co-operatives namely- i) Somaspur Union Co-operative weavers Society Limited, ii)
Dhaniakhali Unioin Tant Shilpi Smabay Samiti Limited , iii) Gurap Tant Samabay Samiti Limited, iv)
Parambua Sahabazar Weavers Society Limited.
Silk Spinning and Weaving in Bahrampur-Murshidabad
Murshidbad is famous for Moonga silk and Wild silk, this district, specially Behrampur is renowned for Khadi
silk and raw silk weaving from cocoons. A number of people both men and women work in different separate
sheds, silk weaving is mainly done by Muslim people of this area.
Jamdani sari weaving in Muragacha (Nadia)
A small village Muragacha in Nadia district is very famous for Tangail weaving with Jamdani design, this
heritage work is done by local muslim artisans.
Kantha embroidery in Shantiniketan (Birbhum)
Santiniketan basically situated in a predominantly tribal belt which is one of the backward district of West
Bengal, mostly known for Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore as he spent his major part of life here and
contributed a lot to make this backward region self sufficient. Among many other products of Santiniketan
Katha Stich sector plays a very important role to rejuvenate the rural Bengal as this vibrant industry not only
involved women worker but there are also some women who have started their own business with this sector.
VII. CONCEPT OF CLUSTER
Integrated Handloom Cluster Development Scheme (IHCDS) is being implemented by the Development
Commisioner for Handloom , Ministry of Textile, GOI, since year 2005-06. The main aim of this holistic
approach is to make age old traditional handloom clusters of our country gobally competetive. To accept the
ever challanging nature of this industry IHCDS also emphasise on identification of potential market and
promotion of market driven designs, therefore, proper market assesment, indentification of modern trends,
promotion of export, SWOT analysis are the most essencial approach of Integrated Handloom Cluster
Development Scheme. The study area, Bardhaman cluster, is one of the most heritage cluster of West Bengal
afer Shatipur-Phulia cluster, glowrily known for Tangail and Jamdani weaving, near about 94000 people are
engaged in this cluster, so to make proper development of this cluster implementation of IHCDS is not enough,
infrastructural facilities analysis like geographical location, various weaving equipments, value chain analysis
are also important.
VIII. DESCRIPTION OF BARDHAMAN CLUSTER
Bardhaman cluster is one of the most glorious name in the Integrated Handloom Cluster Development Scheme,
where about 94000 people are earning their livelihood through weaving variety product like Saree, Dhoti,
Gamcha, Lungi and many other dress materials.
Description of products:
If special emphasis given on the type of products then two totally different product type can be found
according to different location. The weaver who concentrated in Katwa Subdivision and migrated from
Nawakhali district of Bangladesh are mainly weave handloom products like Lungi, Gamcha, Dhoti etc. But
the weaver lives in Kalna Subdivision and sorroundings , they are expert in weaving with fine and quality
5. A Detailed Analysis Of Cotton Textile Industry At Bardhaman Cluster Of West Bengal
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 37
handloom products like Tangail Saree, Nakshipar Saree, Buttik Saree with vibrant colour and modern
design. These weaver are migrated from Tangail district of Bangladesh.
The main products of this cluster are Tangail naksha par saree with Jacquard design, Matta Baluchori
pain par with Buttik design, Tangail sari Matta par butik design, Silk Baluchori, 100s x 100s Dhakai
Jamdani, Tangail silk x silk, Cotton Baluchori Saree, Baluchori Saree Silk x Cotton. Other product are
Lungi, low quality handloom saree for daily use porpuse, Pere Dhoti, Kacha Dhoti etc. In Kalna
subdivision some modern handloom products are also produced in small quantity, these are Stole, Dopatta,
Home decorating materials, Dress materials etc. Recently the weavers of Shyambati, Tamaghata,
Vidyanagar, Ghoshat, under Burdwan cluster also producing home furnishing, scarves, Nylon shirtings etc
for export market.
Jamdani and Tangail are the two premium product of this cluster in the heritage market of Bengal
Handloom. The word Jamdani consist of two word, „Jam‟, which means a „Cup‟ and „Dani‟ denotes
„Container‟. This special product of Bengal considered as „Textile of Excellence’ because of its super fine
quality and impressive design, this traditional saree conquered the hearts of different royal people during
the region of Emperor Jahangir and Aurangjeb and the Mughal‟s recognised and acknowledge it‟s rarity.
„Nakshipar Tangail‟ and „Silk Tangail‟ are another famous product of this cluster, this particular sari was
originated at Tangail district of Bangladesh, previously it was known as „Begum Bahar‟ where both silk
wrap and cotton wrap were used to design the sari, the trend of tangail sari weaving in Bardhaman cluster
has changed , mainly paper finished Jacquard designed Tangail sarees are woven at Samudragarhand
Dhatrigram.
Description of Infrastructural facility:
The main raw materials of this cluster are silk yarn and cotton hunk yarn in crossed reel form, these two
type of yarn are largly supplied by NHDC Ltd. under ‘Mill Gate Price Scheme’ which has six depot in
Bardhaman district and a small quantity of branded yarn supplied by yarn traders.
Dying units of these cluster are mainly private in nature, so there is a lack of Govt. organised
comprehensive dying section in Bardhaman cluster.
If attention given on market of varius products mainly sarees of these cluster then a huge undulation can be
found, because there are variety of saree according to quality, price and also terget market. Cotton based
Tangail sarees are mainly used for daily domestic purpose so the market of these sarees are almost
established but the sarees like Dhakai Jamdani, Silk Baluchori are higher in price and also there is no
established or predicted market of this sarees.
Share in export of Bardhaman cluster is very low till now but nine number of PWCS have been provided
fund under Handloom Export Scheme.
Description of condition of weaver:
In Bardhaman cluster, various types of weavers are found such as small or tiny weavers, Master weavers,
Private or Individual weavers,PWCS weavers, skilled designer, technical person for making computeried
cards, so from this point of view this weavers are the real strength of the cluster.
Like the variety of sarees of this cluster the daily wages of the weaver changed from one location to
another, a general weaver of Samudragarh or Dhatrigram get Rs.75-100 by weaving a cotton Tangail but
the weavers of areas like Kamalnagar, Lakshmipur of Katwa subdivision get only Rs. 50 per day by
weaving cotton Baluchori. So it can be easily said that Kalna Subdivision is more florished in nature than
Katwa Subdivision.
Though innovative technologies are adopted, weavers are giving their full effort to produce attractive
designs but uncertainity inherent in the market and there is no alternative occupational opportunity for
them except working in the agricultural field. So weavers are not satisfied.
There are another crisis from the side of weavers, that weaving the yarn and making beautiful design on it
generate pressure on eyesight which reduce the working efficiency of the weavers after 45 to 50 years old.
IX. SWOT ANALYSIS
Bardhaman cluster is one of the renowned cluster among the 20 cluster of India and also a heritage centre of
traditional handloom weaving after Shantipur and Phulia in West Bengal. Like any other cluster this cluster also
has some strength and opportunitites as well as weakness and theats. So the main aim of SWOT analysis is to
highlight the opportunities and strength and to take concern of the weakness and threats for betterment of the
cluster.
6. A Detailed Analysis Of Cotton Textile Industry At Bardhaman Cluster Of West Bengal
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 38
Strength :
The main strength of this cluster is exclusive weaving efficiency in Jamdani and Tangail Sarees, though
there are varities products produced in this cluster but these perticular two products reach the level of
excellence because of it‟s unique design.
The number of weaver in Bardhaman cluster is quite high (approximately 940000), so there is a healthy
competetion among the weavers for better quality of production. So the there is ample scope for product
diversification.
In Bardhaman cluster the agglomeration of efficient weavers, co-operative societies, dyeing units and
training centres make the accessibility of resource more easy.
The cluster enriched with eight number of National Awardees weaver, super efficient weavers designers,
number of supporting organisations like PWCS, NIFT, Textile Committee, National Handloom
Development Corporation and Handloom Development office.
Opportunities :
In recent time West Bengal government has taken special emphasis to reinforce the handloom industry of
this state so this is high time to rejuvanate this age old haritage industry in terms of product diversifications,
betterment of quality of products, making linkage with broder market and huge volume of buyers of the
country as well as abroad by taking the facilities of E-Resource.
Various handloom development schemes have been launched by central and state government which will
bridge the gap between old and modern technology, such as modernisation of loom, dying unit, designs and
infrastructural facilities also.
Though this cluster is wellknown for Jamdani and Tangail Saree weaving but different other products like
home furnishing materials, dress materials, lungi, gamcha, stole etc also can enrich the cluster.
This cluster is very close to “Tantusree” and “Tantuja” which are state level apex of Handloom
Development Corporation, so through this organisation the products of this cluster can be exhibited to
different Handloom Fares of State as well as country or can open showroom in big cities of our country.
Weakness:
Basic problem of regular availability of raw material is not major one but some areas like Kethugram,
Kamalnagore are facing problem to cater their day to day requirement of small quantity of yarn. There is no
good dye house or QDU in this cluster for which there is no control over quality as well as dyeing charges
since dyeing work is done mainly from outside the district.
If the value chain of this cluster be analysed, it can be found that actual craftmen are earning too small
where as the outside traders gain large amount of profit with the same product because different values are
added by the middle man. This cluster does not have such a marketing facility where weavers can sale their
product directly to the buyers and can linked with huge volume of customer.
Absence of alternative occupational opprtunity for the weavers is another drawback, as the working span of
the weavers is generally 16 to 50 years old. Because after fiity years old most of the weavers suffer from
problem related eyesight so they can not do the weaving work efficiently. To earn their livelihood they have
to engaged themselves in agricultural field. Appart from this point of view, the working weavers also do
agricultural work because of uncertainity of handloom market.
The two main production of Bardhaman cluster i.e Jamdani and Tangail Saree, both are expensive in nature
so this product can not be used by people of all strata.
Due to lack of modernisation of loom and other infratructural facilities, the production cost still high in this
cluster.
Threat:
Demand of saree among the women has reduced today. At present the women specially the working women
are more comfortable with salwar kamiz or different western outfits, so this current trend of dressing is
surely a threat to the handloom weavers.
Powerloom production is the biggest threat to the handloom industry, because it can produce low cost
sarees with innovative designs and also in a large volume. So it is very obvious that market demand of
powerloom production is quite high than handloom production.
X. CONCLUSION
Cotton handloom has its own demand because of the beautiful designs, quality, fine texture and attractive fret
works of its products. There is no doubt that Bardhaman cluster is age old handloom cluster of Bengal as well as
India and renouned for two most traditional handloom products Jamdani and Tangail. Though this cluster is
7. A Detailed Analysis Of Cotton Textile Industry At Bardhaman Cluster Of West Bengal
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 39
second after Santipur cluster but the inherent threats of powerloom still belong in it. But the main strength of
this cluster is its weaving efficiency and large number of weavers, so it can be assumed that they can cope with
any kind of difficult situation. Central and State Govornment has implemented varoius schemes like Integrated
Handloom Development Scheme, Hank Yarn Subsidy Scheme , marketing and design support, Health and life
insurance scheme etc. to rejuvenated the glory of this industry. So it is the high time to use those schemes in a
proper way and make innovative marketing strategy to link with greater volume of buyers which will ultimately
develop the overall condition of the cluster.
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