1. Submitted By:-
Ilika Kaushik
B.Tech Biotechnology
15BTBIOT018
5th Sem.
.
Submitted To:-
Dr. Amit Alexander Charan Sir
Asst. Professor
Dept. Of MCE.
JIBB, SHUATS
3. Traditional Cloning (TC) included expensive micromanipulators
besides requiring skilled expertise.
The birth of Dolly in 1996 by SCNT was a landmark in animal cloning.
There was a need of more robust and somewhat inexpensive technique.
This led to the birth of HAND MADE CLONING (HMC), also
known as ZONA-FREE CLONING or HAND GUIDED CLONING.
First known zona- free nuclear transfer approach was performed by
Tatham et al. in 2001 , but failed.
Later on in 2003, Vajta et al. developed an improved technique.
The term HMC came because sharp blades were used by hand for
bisection of zona-free oocytes under steriomicroscope.
4. 1. Preparation of
Donor Somatic Cell or
Nuclei.
2. Preparation of
recipient enucleated
oocytes/cytoplasts.
3. In vitro culture.
4. Assessment of
embryo.
5. Embryo Transfer.
6.Embryo vitrification
13. Prof Vajta is well known Embryologist.
He not only gave HMC but also some other techniques like Submarine
Incubation System (SIS), the Open Pulled Straw Vitrification (OPS)
& the Well-of-Well System(WOW System.)
Currently he lives in Cairns, Queensland, Australia.
14. Conservation of endangered species.
Production of transgenic animals.
Automation of HMC.
Nuclear re-programming studies.
15. HMC has emerged as a simpler technique than the Traditional Cloning.
It is more efficient in nature.
A little more efforts are required to dissipate the technology in every sector of
livestock for all species.
16. The facts, information and pictures are taken from:-
Verma et al. Journal of Animal Science & Biotechnology
(2015)6:43, DOI- 10.11186/s104-015-0043-y.
(Geetika Verma, J.S. Arora, R.S. Sethi, C.S. Mukhopadhyay &
Ramneek Verma.)
www.pubmed.com
www.google.com
www.Wikipedia.org
