Hanif@MGC9
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This document summarizes research on isolating the gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-TMT) gene from oil palm. The objectives are to isolate the full-length γ-TMT cDNA, obtain the full gene structure DNA sequence, and identify single nucleotide polymorphisms. Methodology includes extracting RNA from oil palm mesocarp to use RACE technique to isolate the full-length cDNA. DNA will be extracted from oil palm leaves and used with PCR and genome walking to determine the full gene structure. Results and discussions of the findings will be presented. Contact information is provided for more details on the research.
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- Enzyme treatment, particularly with protease, improved oil extraction yields from the seeds compared to untreated controls.
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antioxidant compounds. In addition, essential oils have been used as natural additives for the shelf -life extension of
food products, due to the risk in using synthetic preservatives. Furthermore, essential oi ls can be incorporated into
packaging materials to prevent unavoidable microbial spoilage, and to extend shelf-life of the product. The
extraction method of essential oil is most important because inappropriate extraction may damage the chemical
properties. Essential oil can be extracted by several methods such as distillation, steam distillation, expression, and
solvent extraction. This review article covers up the essential oil including sources, chemical composition, extraction
process, antimicrobial activity of EOs, and their applications, particularly with the emphasis on preservation and the
shelf-life extension of food products.
Moringa antifungal-properties
The document summarizes research investigating the anti-fungal properties of Moringa oleifera extracts. Ethanol extracts of M. oleifera seeds and leaves showed inhibitory effects against common fungal skin pathogens like Trichophyton rubrum in in vitro tests. Chemical analysis of the essential oil from M. oleifera leaves identified 44 compounds, with (E)-phytol and pentacosane as major constituents. Certain extracts, like the ethyl acetate fraction of seeds, exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations below 10 mg/ml against the test fungi. The results suggest M. oleifera extracts could potentially be developed into anti-fungal agents for skin diseases.
Clove medicinal uses
Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is medicinally powerful herb. Cloves are also known as Clovos, Lavang, Laung. In india, cloves are grown in Nilgiries, Tensaki Hills of Tamil Nadu state, Kottayam and Kollam district of kerala. It holds several phytochemicals. Major phytochemicals includes Eugenol, Eugenyl acetate and Beta-caryophyllene. Clove contains essential oils in its buds, leaves, stem and fruits. Clove owns major pharmacological activities like antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antibacterial, antipyretic and analgesic, etc.
Pelletier et al 2015
This document describes the development of a sensitive in vitro bioassay to quantify the biological activity of phorbol esters in Jatropha oil. The researchers:
1) Confirmed that exposure to Jatropha oil triggered the same cellular response in MDCK cells as the model phorbol ester TPA.
2) Showed that Jatropha oil's phorbol esters activate protein kinase C, similarly to TPA.
3) Measured the expression of COX-2, an inflammation-related gene, in MDCK cells exposed to Jatropha oil and used this to quantify phorbol ester activity in terms of TPA toxic equivalents (TEQ).
Forest volatile organic compounds and health benefits
- BVOCs like pinene and limonene are released from plants and make up a large portion of global VOC emissions. They play various roles in plant communication and defense.
- Inhalation of pinene and limonene from forest environments has been shown to reduce stress levels and inflammation in humans and animals by modulating cytokines and neurotransmitters. They may also benefit the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems.
- Specifically, pinene and limonene can reduce stress hormones, anxiety, and depression. They also have anti-inflammatory properties through reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators. Limonene in particular modulates several inflammation pathways.
Hand bood on vegetable oils
This document provides an overview and table of contents for the book "Vegetable Oils in Food Technology: Composition, Properties and Uses" edited by Frank D. Gunstone. The book contains 13 chapters covering the production, composition, properties and major food uses of 13 different vegetable oils, including soybean, palm, rapeseed/canola, sunflower, coconut, cottonseed, peanut, olive and corn oils. Each oil is discussed in a separate chapter by different authors. The book is intended to serve as a reference for food producers seeking information on raw material oils that have likely undergone some level of processing.
Larayetan's Journal on Moringa
The document summarizes a study that analyzed the chemical constituents, physicochemical properties, and proximate composition of Moringa oleifera (Moringa) seed oil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified 24 constituents making up 96.81% of the oil, including oleic acid, palmitic acid, and 9-octadecenol as major components. Physicochemical analysis found the oil had a specific gravity of 0.9050, refractive index of 1.456, and acid, iodine, saponification, and peroxide values within reported standards. Proximate analysis determined the seed contained 10.50% moisture, 39.57% protein, and 32.50%
Terpeniods
The document discusses terpenes and terpenoids. It defines terpenes as hydrocarbons found in plant essential oils and terpenoids as a subclass of prenyl lipids that represent the oldest group of small molecules synthesized by plants. Terpenoids are derived from isoprene units and are universally present in small amounts playing vital roles in plant physiology and cellular membranes. They display a large diversity that may be due to ecological factors playing an evolutionary role. The document then classifies and provides examples of different types of terpenoids including monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, sesterpenoids, triterpenoids, and others. It also discusses terpene biosynthesis and
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Hanif@MGC9
- 1. HANIF BIN ABDUL BAHAR INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA Supervisory committee
- 2. A VITAMIN E GENE FROM OIL PALM: ISOLATION OF GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE FULL GENE STRUCTURE
- 4. Introduction Oil Palm Cultivation • Oil Palm is a tropical perennial monocot species in the order Arecales of the family Aracaceae. • The African Oil Palm, Elaeis guineensis is native to West Africa, occurring between Angola and Gambia, while the American Oil Palm Elaeis oleifera is native to tropical Central America and South America. (Dransfield et al., 2005) • Oil palm was first brought to Malaya in early twentieth century as ornamental plant. It is now one of the main commodity crop in Malaysia.
- 5. Vitamin E in Oil Palm • Vitamin E consists of tocopherols and tocotrienols . • Vitamin E in palm oil is made up of 70% tocotrienol and 30% of tocopherol. • Palm oil is nature’s richest source of tocotrienols. • Whereas most other vegetable oils consists of only tocopherols. (Koh, 2003)
- 6. Main Objectives To isolate full length cDNA of gama- tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-TMT) gene from oil palm. To obtain γ-TMT gene full gene structure DNA sequence. To identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in γ-TMT gene.
- 7. Literature Review Vitamin E Chemical Structure Tocopherol Tocotrienol • Tocopherols and tocotrienols consists of a chromanol head group with 1,2 or 3 methyl groups and an isoprenoid side chain. (Chen et al., 2006). • Tocopherols have a saturated phytyl tail, while tocotrienols have a 3-fold unsaturated side chain. (DellaPenna & Pagson,2005). • Tocopherols and tocotrienols differ only in the number and position of methyl substituents on the aromatic ring with α- having three, β- and γ- having two, and δ- tocopherol having only one. (Hunter & Cahoon, 2007).
- 8. Vitamin E biosynthesis pathway:
- 9. Health Benefits of Vitamin E Inhibit growth of Reduce blood cancer cells cholesterol Health benefits antioxidant/ neuroprotection antiaging inhibit angiogenesis
- 10. METHODOLOGY
- 11. Overview Methodology A. Full length cDNA Gene Isolation Oil Palm RNA RACE technique mesocarp extraction Full length cDNA gene
- 12. B. Full length Gene Structure Oil DNA PCR GenomeWalker Palm extraction leaves Full length gene sturcture
- 14. For more information, please contact me via email: hanif_biotech@yahoo.com Or Facebook: fb.me/hanif85
- 15. Acknowledgement