This document provides an overview of heart failure (HF), including its definition, classification, types, causes, risk factors, epidemiology, prognosis, and treatment considerations. HF is defined as a clinical syndrome where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It is classified based on ejection fraction and the degree of functional limitation. The two main types are HF with reduced ejection fraction and HF with preserved ejection fraction. Common causes include ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and cardiomyopathy. Risk increases with age and the prevalence is higher in men and African Americans. Prognosis depends on the type of HF, with HF with preserved ejection fraction generally having a better outlook. Certain drugs should be avoided or used
This document provides guidelines for the pharmacological management of heart failure. It defines heart failure and classifies it based on ejection fraction into heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). For patients with HFrEF (stage C), it recommends using ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, aldosterone antagonists, hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate, and diuretics. For patients with HFpEF (stage C), evidence-based pharmacological therapies have not been identified. The document also provides dosing recommendations for common heart failure medications like loop diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers
Journal Club evaluation, effect of Rivaroxaban in heart failure
background of heart failure, pathophysiology, epidemiology and the treatment algorithm.
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by conditions that reduce the heart's ability to contract or fill properly and common symptoms include dyspnea, fatigue, and edema. Upon presentation, patients exhibiting signs of congestion such as elevated jugular pressure, rales, and edema are treated with diuretics, while those with low blood pressure or organ dysfunction may require inotropic support or mechanical circulatory support.
This document discusses various topics related to cardiology for general practitioners, including:
- Definitions of heart failure types HFrEF, HFmEF, HFpEF based on left ventricular ejection fraction.
- Etiologies and risk factors for heart failure such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, cardiomyopathy.
- Differences in treatment approaches between HFrEF and HFpEF, with many drugs improving outcomes for HFrEF but not proven effective for HFpEF.
- Newer heart failure drugs such as ARNi's that inhibit the renin-angiotensin system are beneficial for reducing mortality and hospitalizations in HFrEF.
Heart failure is a common and serious condition where the heart muscle is unable to pump sufficiently. It can have multiple causes and the prevalence increases significantly with age. Prognosis remains poor with high mortality rates. Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms, signs, and testing like echocardiogram. Management focuses on general measures like diet, exercise, and reducing risk factors as well as specific treatments targeting the underlying cause and physiology of heart failure.
This document provides an overview of heart failure, including evaluation and management. It begins with definitions of heart failure and discusses etiology and pathogenesis. It then covers the period of compensation, clinical manifestations, classification of severity, and stages of development. Diagnosis of HFrEF versus HFpEF is explained. Treatment of HFpEF focuses on symptom management while treatment of HFrEF emphasizes guideline directed medical therapy including ACEi/ARB, beta-blockers, ARNi, diuretics, aldosterone antagonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors. Management is aimed at controlling symptoms and congestion through pharmacological optimization and treatment of comorbidities.
Heart failure is a major public health problem worldwide, affecting over 60 million people. It presents a growing economic burden of $108 billion annually. The King Abdullah Medical City is establishing a comprehensive Heart Failure Program to improve outcomes through establishing specialized clinics, implementing treatment guidelines, promoting prevention through education, and supporting research. The program aims to reduce mortality, hospitalizations and improve quality of life for heart failure patients in the Holy City of Makkah.
This document provides guidelines for the pharmacological management of heart failure. It defines heart failure and classifies it based on ejection fraction into heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). For patients with HFrEF (stage C), it recommends using ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, aldosterone antagonists, hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate, and diuretics. For patients with HFpEF (stage C), evidence-based pharmacological therapies have not been identified. The document also provides dosing recommendations for common heart failure medications like loop diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers
Journal Club evaluation, effect of Rivaroxaban in heart failure
background of heart failure, pathophysiology, epidemiology and the treatment algorithm.
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by conditions that reduce the heart's ability to contract or fill properly and common symptoms include dyspnea, fatigue, and edema. Upon presentation, patients exhibiting signs of congestion such as elevated jugular pressure, rales, and edema are treated with diuretics, while those with low blood pressure or organ dysfunction may require inotropic support or mechanical circulatory support.
This document discusses various topics related to cardiology for general practitioners, including:
- Definitions of heart failure types HFrEF, HFmEF, HFpEF based on left ventricular ejection fraction.
- Etiologies and risk factors for heart failure such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, cardiomyopathy.
- Differences in treatment approaches between HFrEF and HFpEF, with many drugs improving outcomes for HFrEF but not proven effective for HFpEF.
- Newer heart failure drugs such as ARNi's that inhibit the renin-angiotensin system are beneficial for reducing mortality and hospitalizations in HFrEF.
Heart failure is a common and serious condition where the heart muscle is unable to pump sufficiently. It can have multiple causes and the prevalence increases significantly with age. Prognosis remains poor with high mortality rates. Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms, signs, and testing like echocardiogram. Management focuses on general measures like diet, exercise, and reducing risk factors as well as specific treatments targeting the underlying cause and physiology of heart failure.
This document provides an overview of heart failure, including evaluation and management. It begins with definitions of heart failure and discusses etiology and pathogenesis. It then covers the period of compensation, clinical manifestations, classification of severity, and stages of development. Diagnosis of HFrEF versus HFpEF is explained. Treatment of HFpEF focuses on symptom management while treatment of HFrEF emphasizes guideline directed medical therapy including ACEi/ARB, beta-blockers, ARNi, diuretics, aldosterone antagonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors. Management is aimed at controlling symptoms and congestion through pharmacological optimization and treatment of comorbidities.
Heart failure is a major public health problem worldwide, affecting over 60 million people. It presents a growing economic burden of $108 billion annually. The King Abdullah Medical City is establishing a comprehensive Heart Failure Program to improve outcomes through establishing specialized clinics, implementing treatment guidelines, promoting prevention through education, and supporting research. The program aims to reduce mortality, hospitalizations and improve quality of life for heart failure patients in the Holy City of Makkah.
Advanced stage heart failure can result from any structural or functional issues that reduce the heart's ability to pump blood effectively. Common causes include coronary artery disease, heart attacks, and uncontrolled hypertension. Symptoms vary by individual but can include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling, and confusion. Diagnosis involves tests like echocardiograms to check the ejection fraction of the left ventricle and blood tests to examine biomarkers like BNP and CRP levels. Treatment is multifaceted, focusing on lifestyle changes, medications, and possibly surgery, with the goals of managing symptoms and improving quality of life.
Heart Failure. A Presentation on Heart FailureCrispinBasit
This document provides an overview of heart failure, including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, classification, and management. Some key points:
- Heart failure is characterized by abnormal heart function and reduced cardiac output, affecting 1-2% of adults and rising to 10% among those over 70.
- It can be systolic or diastolic dysfunction and impact the left side, right side, or both ventricles. Compensatory mechanisms include tachycardia and increased contractility.
- Causes include hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, valvular disorders, and drugs. Symptoms are breathlessness, edema, fatigue, cough, and palpitations
A brief synopsis of acute decompensated heart failureDr Emad efat
This document provides an overview of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). It defines ADHF as a clinical syndrome characterized by the development of respiratory distress due to rapidly accumulated fluid in the lungs. The document categorizes heart failure based on systolic vs diastolic function, left vs right sided, acute vs chronic onset, and NYHA functional classification. Common symptoms, physical exam findings, causes, risk factors, differential diagnoses, and initial investigations are described. Imaging findings on chest x-ray indicative of different stages of heart failure are also summarized.
This document discusses the pathogenesis and diagnosis of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). It defines ADHF and describes its epidemiology, including the high rates of hospitalization. Common comorbidities are hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes, and COPD. ADHF can be classified based on history, blood pressure, signs/symptoms, and ejection fraction. Causes include nonadherence, infection, ischemia, and arrhythmias. Pathophysiology involves impaired function, renal dysfunction, neurohormonal activation, and fluid overload leading to congestion. Evaluation includes symptoms, vital signs, jugular vein pressure, lung sounds, and edema. Labs include BNP/NT-proBNP, troponin,
Heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It affects over 5 million Americans. The prevalence increases with age, reaching nearly 10% in those over 80. Symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, swelling, and more. Treatment focuses on reducing cardiac workload through diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and other drugs. Device therapies like CRT can also help certain patients. Lifestyle changes and strict medication adherence are important for managing the condition.
survey on drugs used in atrial fibrillation.pptxArchiPatel49
Atrial fibrillation is an abnormal heart rhythm characterized by irregular beating of the atrial chambers. It is associated with risks of stroke, heart failure, and dementia. Drugs used to treat atrial fibrillation include anticoagulants to prevent blood clots like warfarin, and antiplatelets like aspirin to prevent clot formation. The survey found that aspirin was used in 60% of cases, while warfarin was used in 20% to prevent complications of atrial fibrillation. Newer anticoagulants like dabigatran and rivaroxaban were found to be more effective than warfarin, but also more expensive.
Diagnosis and treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart failureM A Hasnat
This document discusses the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. It begins by defining heart failure and describing its classification based on ejection fraction, location in the heart, onset/severity, and ACC/AHA stages. It then covers the essential initial investigations, recommended additional investigations, and pharmacological and device-based treatment approaches. It concludes by discussing methods for delaying or preventing the development of heart failure and managing acute heart failure episodes.
The document provides guidelines for the management of heart failure. It discusses the epidemiology of heart failure, classifications based on ejection fraction, stages based on symptoms and disease progression, and treatment recommendations for each stage. Key points include increasing risk with age, treatments including controlling risk factors in early stages and use of diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and beta blockers in later stages, and tailored treatment for those with heart failure and comorbidities like diabetes or hypertension.
This document provides an overview of heart failure, including its definition, epidemiology, signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, and pharmacotherapy. It discusses the classification of heart failure, management guidelines, and recommendations for treating different stages of heart failure. The main drugs discussed are ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, diuretics, aldosterone receptor antagonists, digoxin, and inotropic drugs. The document provides details on the mechanisms of action and recommendations for use of these pharmacotherapies in heart failure.
This document discusses heart failure, providing definitions, epidemiology, classifications, etiologies, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment. Heart failure is defined as a clinical syndrome resulting from structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood. Approximately 2% of developed countries have heart failure, with risk increasing with age. Coronary artery disease is the leading cause. Heart failure can be classified as systolic or diastolic, high-output or low-output, acute or chronic, and right-sided or left-sided. Common causes include coronary artery disease, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, and valvular disease. Treatment involves removing precipitating causes, correcting underlying causes, preventing cardiac
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome where the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by structural or functional defects in the heart. The most common causes are coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes. While it affects about 2% of adults globally, the risk increases to 6-10% for those over age 65. Treatment involves controlling underlying causes, removing precipitating factors, and managing symptoms through diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and other medications.
Definition of heart failure - causes and types of heart failure - pathophysiology and risky factors for heart failure - Diagnosis clinical manifestations and investigations and classification of heart failure- treatment of chronic heart failure
Also Acute heart failure causes - clinical picture and treatment
Dr. Sameh Ahmad Muhamad abdelghany provides an overview of heart failure including its causes, types, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Heart failure is defined as a clinical syndrome resulting from structural or functional defects in the heart that prevent it from sufficiently pumping blood to meet the body's needs. The most common causes are coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Treatment involves managing underlying causes, removing precipitating factors, and utilizing medications, diet modifications, exercise, and devices as needed.
Heart failure is a common condition in elderly patients, affecting over 80% of all heart failure patients aged 65 and older. It is often difficult to diagnose and manage heart failure in elderly patients due to multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy. While the symptoms of heart failure are similar between elderly and younger patients, the causes and treatments may differ, with conditions like hypertension and coronary artery disease being more common causes in elderly patients. Echocardiography is important for determining left ventricular ejection fraction to guide use of treatments like ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, diuretics and digitalis, which can help manage symptoms and prolong life for elderly heart failure patients.
This document provides an overview of congestive heart failure in adults. It begins with definitions and epidemiology, describing CHF as the heart's inability to pump enough blood due to structural or functional abnormalities. Main causes include reduced ejection fraction, volume overload, and pressure overload. Signs and symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, and leg swelling. The document then covers diagnosis, investigations such as BNP levels, classifications like NYHA staging, pathophysiology, types, manifestations, and management with medications like diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and treatment of underlying conditions. It concludes with contraindicated medications in pregnancy or CHF.
This document provides an overview of heart failure, including its definition, pathophysiology, types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options. It discusses systolic and diastolic heart failure, highlighting key differences. Medical treatments that improve survival in systolic heart failure are reviewed, including ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, spironolactone/eplerenone, hydralazine/nitrates, and ARBs. The roles of diuretics, neurohormonal activation, and beta blockers are explained. Carvedilol is positioned as superior to metoprolol based on direct comparison trials.
This document defines cardiac failure and heart failure, describes the types and causes, and discusses the pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, and treatment. Heart failure is a clinical syndrome where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, or can only do so with elevated filling pressures. It can be systolic or diastolic in nature. Common causes include ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, valvular disease, and hypertension. Symptoms include breathlessness, fatigue, and fluid retention. Echocardiography, biomarkers like BNP, and cardiac imaging are used in diagnosis and assessment. Treatment aims to relieve symptoms, improve quality of life, and reduce mortality through medications, device therapies, and lifestyle changes.
1) Congestive heart failure results from any structural or functional abnormality that impairs the ventricle's ability to eject or fill with blood.
2) The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a role in the vicious cycle of congestive heart failure by stimulating sodium and water retention.
3) Treatment for systolic heart failure involves correcting underlying factors, lifestyle modifications, and maximizing medications like loop diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and aldosterone antagonists.
Advanced stage heart failure can result from any structural or functional issues that reduce the heart's ability to pump blood effectively. Common causes include coronary artery disease, heart attacks, and uncontrolled hypertension. Symptoms vary by individual but can include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling, and confusion. Diagnosis involves tests like echocardiograms to check the ejection fraction of the left ventricle and blood tests to examine biomarkers like BNP and CRP levels. Treatment is multifaceted, focusing on lifestyle changes, medications, and possibly surgery, with the goals of managing symptoms and improving quality of life.
Heart Failure. A Presentation on Heart FailureCrispinBasit
This document provides an overview of heart failure, including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, classification, and management. Some key points:
- Heart failure is characterized by abnormal heart function and reduced cardiac output, affecting 1-2% of adults and rising to 10% among those over 70.
- It can be systolic or diastolic dysfunction and impact the left side, right side, or both ventricles. Compensatory mechanisms include tachycardia and increased contractility.
- Causes include hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, valvular disorders, and drugs. Symptoms are breathlessness, edema, fatigue, cough, and palpitations
A brief synopsis of acute decompensated heart failureDr Emad efat
This document provides an overview of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). It defines ADHF as a clinical syndrome characterized by the development of respiratory distress due to rapidly accumulated fluid in the lungs. The document categorizes heart failure based on systolic vs diastolic function, left vs right sided, acute vs chronic onset, and NYHA functional classification. Common symptoms, physical exam findings, causes, risk factors, differential diagnoses, and initial investigations are described. Imaging findings on chest x-ray indicative of different stages of heart failure are also summarized.
This document discusses the pathogenesis and diagnosis of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). It defines ADHF and describes its epidemiology, including the high rates of hospitalization. Common comorbidities are hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes, and COPD. ADHF can be classified based on history, blood pressure, signs/symptoms, and ejection fraction. Causes include nonadherence, infection, ischemia, and arrhythmias. Pathophysiology involves impaired function, renal dysfunction, neurohormonal activation, and fluid overload leading to congestion. Evaluation includes symptoms, vital signs, jugular vein pressure, lung sounds, and edema. Labs include BNP/NT-proBNP, troponin,
Heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It affects over 5 million Americans. The prevalence increases with age, reaching nearly 10% in those over 80. Symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, swelling, and more. Treatment focuses on reducing cardiac workload through diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and other drugs. Device therapies like CRT can also help certain patients. Lifestyle changes and strict medication adherence are important for managing the condition.
survey on drugs used in atrial fibrillation.pptxArchiPatel49
Atrial fibrillation is an abnormal heart rhythm characterized by irregular beating of the atrial chambers. It is associated with risks of stroke, heart failure, and dementia. Drugs used to treat atrial fibrillation include anticoagulants to prevent blood clots like warfarin, and antiplatelets like aspirin to prevent clot formation. The survey found that aspirin was used in 60% of cases, while warfarin was used in 20% to prevent complications of atrial fibrillation. Newer anticoagulants like dabigatran and rivaroxaban were found to be more effective than warfarin, but also more expensive.
Diagnosis and treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart failureM A Hasnat
This document discusses the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. It begins by defining heart failure and describing its classification based on ejection fraction, location in the heart, onset/severity, and ACC/AHA stages. It then covers the essential initial investigations, recommended additional investigations, and pharmacological and device-based treatment approaches. It concludes by discussing methods for delaying or preventing the development of heart failure and managing acute heart failure episodes.
The document provides guidelines for the management of heart failure. It discusses the epidemiology of heart failure, classifications based on ejection fraction, stages based on symptoms and disease progression, and treatment recommendations for each stage. Key points include increasing risk with age, treatments including controlling risk factors in early stages and use of diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and beta blockers in later stages, and tailored treatment for those with heart failure and comorbidities like diabetes or hypertension.
This document provides an overview of heart failure, including its definition, epidemiology, signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, and pharmacotherapy. It discusses the classification of heart failure, management guidelines, and recommendations for treating different stages of heart failure. The main drugs discussed are ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, diuretics, aldosterone receptor antagonists, digoxin, and inotropic drugs. The document provides details on the mechanisms of action and recommendations for use of these pharmacotherapies in heart failure.
This document discusses heart failure, providing definitions, epidemiology, classifications, etiologies, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment. Heart failure is defined as a clinical syndrome resulting from structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood. Approximately 2% of developed countries have heart failure, with risk increasing with age. Coronary artery disease is the leading cause. Heart failure can be classified as systolic or diastolic, high-output or low-output, acute or chronic, and right-sided or left-sided. Common causes include coronary artery disease, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, and valvular disease. Treatment involves removing precipitating causes, correcting underlying causes, preventing cardiac
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome where the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by structural or functional defects in the heart. The most common causes are coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes. While it affects about 2% of adults globally, the risk increases to 6-10% for those over age 65. Treatment involves controlling underlying causes, removing precipitating factors, and managing symptoms through diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and other medications.
Definition of heart failure - causes and types of heart failure - pathophysiology and risky factors for heart failure - Diagnosis clinical manifestations and investigations and classification of heart failure- treatment of chronic heart failure
Also Acute heart failure causes - clinical picture and treatment
Dr. Sameh Ahmad Muhamad abdelghany provides an overview of heart failure including its causes, types, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Heart failure is defined as a clinical syndrome resulting from structural or functional defects in the heart that prevent it from sufficiently pumping blood to meet the body's needs. The most common causes are coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Treatment involves managing underlying causes, removing precipitating factors, and utilizing medications, diet modifications, exercise, and devices as needed.
Heart failure is a common condition in elderly patients, affecting over 80% of all heart failure patients aged 65 and older. It is often difficult to diagnose and manage heart failure in elderly patients due to multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy. While the symptoms of heart failure are similar between elderly and younger patients, the causes and treatments may differ, with conditions like hypertension and coronary artery disease being more common causes in elderly patients. Echocardiography is important for determining left ventricular ejection fraction to guide use of treatments like ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, diuretics and digitalis, which can help manage symptoms and prolong life for elderly heart failure patients.
This document provides an overview of congestive heart failure in adults. It begins with definitions and epidemiology, describing CHF as the heart's inability to pump enough blood due to structural or functional abnormalities. Main causes include reduced ejection fraction, volume overload, and pressure overload. Signs and symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, and leg swelling. The document then covers diagnosis, investigations such as BNP levels, classifications like NYHA staging, pathophysiology, types, manifestations, and management with medications like diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and treatment of underlying conditions. It concludes with contraindicated medications in pregnancy or CHF.
This document provides an overview of heart failure, including its definition, pathophysiology, types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options. It discusses systolic and diastolic heart failure, highlighting key differences. Medical treatments that improve survival in systolic heart failure are reviewed, including ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, spironolactone/eplerenone, hydralazine/nitrates, and ARBs. The roles of diuretics, neurohormonal activation, and beta blockers are explained. Carvedilol is positioned as superior to metoprolol based on direct comparison trials.
This document defines cardiac failure and heart failure, describes the types and causes, and discusses the pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, and treatment. Heart failure is a clinical syndrome where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, or can only do so with elevated filling pressures. It can be systolic or diastolic in nature. Common causes include ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, valvular disease, and hypertension. Symptoms include breathlessness, fatigue, and fluid retention. Echocardiography, biomarkers like BNP, and cardiac imaging are used in diagnosis and assessment. Treatment aims to relieve symptoms, improve quality of life, and reduce mortality through medications, device therapies, and lifestyle changes.
1) Congestive heart failure results from any structural or functional abnormality that impairs the ventricle's ability to eject or fill with blood.
2) The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a role in the vicious cycle of congestive heart failure by stimulating sodium and water retention.
3) Treatment for systolic heart failure involves correcting underlying factors, lifestyle modifications, and maximizing medications like loop diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and aldosterone antagonists.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
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Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
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TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
3. From a hemodynamic perspective, HF is a disorder in which the
heart cannot pump blood to the body at a rate commensurate
with its needs, or can do so only at the cost of high filling
pressures
1
4. Definition
. HF is a complex clinical syndrome identified by presence of
current or prior characteristic symptoms, such as dyspnea and
fatigue with evidence of cardiac dysfunction as a cause of these
symptoms
abnormal left ventricular [LV] and/or right ventricular [RV] filling
and elevated filling pressures
4
5. The classification system that is most commonly used to quantify
the degree of functional limitation imposed by HF is one first
developed by the NYHA. This system assigns patients to one of
four functional classes, depending on the degree of effort needed
to elicit symptoms
5
Class I – Patients with heart disease
without resulting limitation of physical
activity. Ordinary physical activity does
not cause HF symptoms such as
fatigue or dyspnea
Class II – Patients with heart
disease resulting in slight
limitation of physical activity.
Symptoms of HF develop with
ordinary activity but there are no
symptoms at rest.
Class III – Patients with heart disease resulting
in marked limitation of physical activity.
Symptoms of HF develop with less than
ordinary physical activity but there are no
symptoms at rest.
Class IV – Patients with
heart disease resulting in
inability to carry on any
physical activity without
discomfort. Symptoms of
HF may occur even at rest.
6. 6
Stage A – At high risk
for HF but without
structural heart disease
or symptoms of HF.
Stage B – Structural
heart disease but
without signs or
symptoms of HF
Stage C – Structural heart
disease with prior or
current symptoms of HF
Stage D – Refractory HF
requiring specialized
interventions
7. ⬥ Heart failure with reduced
ejection fraction — HF with
reduced EF (HFrEF; LVEF ≤40
percent) is also known as
systolic HF or HF due to
systolic dysfunction.
.
Etiology
⬥ Heart failure with
preserved ejection fraction —
HFpEF is also known as
diastolic HF and refers to HF in
patients with an LVEF ≥50
percent or >50 percent [2].
7
9. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
⬥ HFpEF is characterized by a normal LVEF, normal LV end-diastolic
volume, and abnormal diastolic function, often with LV concentric
remodeling or hypertrophy, but sometimes with normal ventricular
geometry
9
10. 10
Diastolic dysfunction versus HFpEF —
Diastolic dysfunction and HFpEF are not synonymous terms !
Diastolic dysfunction indicates a functional abnormality of diastolic
relaxation, filling, or distensibility of the LV, regardless of whether the
LVEF is normal or abnormal and whether the patient is symptomatic or
not.
Thus, diastolic dysfunction refers to abnormal mechanical properties of
the ventricle.
HFpEF denotes the signs and symptoms of clinical HF in a patient with a
normal LVEF and LV diastolic dysfunction
11. Studies have shown that there is a third
group of patients with mid-range or
mildly reduced LVEF (HFmrEF; 41 to 49
percent) that seem to share features of
both HFrEF and HFpEF
Bring the attention of your
audience over a key concept
using icons or illustrations
11
12. Chamber remodeling
⬥ Patients with HFpEF often exhibit a
concentric pattern of LV remodeling and a
hypertrophic process that is characterized by
the following features
⬥ ●A normal or near-normal end-diastolic
volume.
⬥ ●Increased wall thickness and/or LV
mass.
⬥ ●An increased ratio of myocardial mass
to cavity volume.
⬥ ●An increased relative wall thickness
(RWT).
⬥ patients with HFrEF
typically exhibit a pattern
of eccentric remodeling
with:
⬥ an increase in end-
diastolic volume
⬥ an increase in LV mass
but little increase in wall
thickness
⬥ and a substantial
decrease in the ratio of
mass to volume and
thickness to radius. 12
16. 8 per 1000
at age 50 to 59 years
The prevalence in African-American populations is reported to be 25
percent higher than in White populations.
Prevalence
66 per 1000
at ages 80 to 89 years
16
17. average survival hospitalization for a first episode of HF
the median survival was 2.3 years in men and 1.7
years in women
17
HFpEF appears to be associated with a better prognosis than HF due to systolic
dysfunction (annual mortality 8 to 9 versus 19 percent) in some reports
18. Drugs that should be avoided or used with caution in patients
with heart failure
18
Calcium channel
blockers
Some initial studies suggested
a possible deleterious effect of
calcium channel blockers in
patients with HF with reduced
ejection fraction (HFrEF),
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
is associated with
increased risk of
first occurrence or
exacerbation of HF
Aspirin
While patients with HF and
vascular disease may have
indications for aspirin use, the
risks and benefits of aspirin in
patients with HF but without
other indications are not well
established.
.
19. Drugs that should be avoided or used with caution in patients
with heart failure
19
Oral hypoglycemic
agents
Thiazolidinediones cause fluid
retention, which may
precipitate HF.
Patients with HF who
take metformin are at
increased risk of potentially
lethal lactic acidosis
Drugs that may cause
hyperkalemia
Patients with HFrEF are
treated with drugs that raise
serum potassium levels
potassium sparing diuretics
such
as amiloride and triamterene s
hould generally be avoided.
Antidepressants
cardiovascular side
effects (particularly
palpitations) are
common among
patients taking
TCAs.
20. Drugs that should be avoided or used with caution in patients
with heart failure
20
Natural" remedies and
supplements
ephedra (also called Ma
huang) is a plant source
of ephedrine that is contained
in some products promoted
for athletic performance
enhancement or weight loss.
Case reports suggest that
ephedra may cause HF and
left ventricular systolic
dysfunction
PDE-3 inhibitors
In patients with HFrEF, the chronic use of
oral PDE-3 inhibitors for inotropic therapy
was associated with increased mortality
Eg : Cilostazol : for the treatment of
intermittent claudication
Anagrelide is a PDE-3 inhibitor used in the
treatment of proliferative hematologic
disorders
PDE-5 inhibitors
These drugs are vasodilators
that can lower pulmonary and
systemic arterial pressure. the
use of PDE-5 inhibitors with
any form of nitrate therapy
(regular or intermittent) is
contraindicated
21. Drugs that should be avoided or used with caution in patients
with heart failure
21
TNF-alpha inhibitors
Tumor necrosis
factor-alpha
inhibitors may be
associated with new
onset or worsening
of pre-existing HF.
Antihistamines
Long QT syndrome has
been reported with some
second generation
antihistamines
Theophylline
During acute decompensation
of HF, theophylline serum
levels may increase, causing
toxicity. Tachycardia and atrial
arrhythmias may occur at
serum concentrations
considered therapeutic,
particularly among patients
with heart disease
28. CREDITS
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31. TIMELINE
31
DEC
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Blue is the colour of
the clear sky and the
deep sea
Red is the colour of
danger and courage
Black is the color of
ebony and of outer
space
Yellow is the color of
gold, butter and ripe
lemons
White is the color of
milk and fresh snow
Blue is the colour of
the clear sky and the
deep sea
Yellow is the color of
gold, butter and ripe
lemons
White is the color of
milk and fresh snow
Blue is the colour of
the clear sky and the
deep sea
Red is the colour of
danger and courage
Black is the color of
ebony and of outer
space
Yellow is the color
of gold, butter and
ripe lemons
32. ROADMAP
32
1 3 5
6
4
2
Blue is the colour of the
clear sky and the deep
sea
Red is the colour of
danger and courage
Black is the color of
ebony and of outer
space
Yellow is the color of
gold, butter and ripe
lemons
White is the color of milk
and fresh snow
Blue is the colour of the
clear sky and the deep
sea
34. BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS
34
Key Activities
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36. TEAM PRESENTATION
36
Imani Jackson
JOB TITLE
Blue is the colour of the
clear sky and the deep sea
Marcos Galán
JOB TITLE
Blue is the colour of the
clear sky and the deep sea
Ixchel Valdía
JOB TITLE
Blue is the colour of the
clear sky and the deep sea
Nils Årud
JOB TITLE
Blue is the colour of the
clear sky and the deep sea
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