Gst presentation avinash

A Presentation by
Mr. Avinash Jain

BY FAR THE MOST IMPORTANT
TAX REFORM IN
INDIAN HISTORY

ECONOMY: World is presently facing recession-II
but Indian economy is still growing steadily against
all odds.
DIRECT TAX: Policy makers are also trying their
best to revamp the direct tax structure in India. New
direct tax code (Income Tax Act, 1961 & Wealth Tax
Act, 1957 would be scrapped) has been drafted and it
may be applicable soon.

INDIRECT TAX: Policy makers are also trying their
best to scrap several obsolete indirect tax laws to bring
on a single indirect tax as soon as possible. Indian
public is aspiring for a composite single tax instead of
multiple taxes which are currently applicable.

 CENVAT has yet not been extended to include chain of
value addition in the distributive trade below the stage of
production.
 Credit in respect of VAT and CENVAT is still not
available against each other.

 CENVAT has also not included several central taxes, such as
additional excise duties, additional customs duty, surcharges etc. in
the overall framework of CENVAT.
 Several State taxes (e.g. luxury tax, entertainment tax, etc.) have
still not been subsumed under VAT and hence credit chain is broken
in this respect.
Due to above reasons there is burden of “tax on tax” in the existing
system of indirect tax laws of India.

With the introduction of GST, a continuous chain of set-off
from the original producer’s point and service provider’s point
upto the retailer’s level would be established, eliminating the
burden of all cascading effects including the burden of
CENVAT and service tax.

‘G’ – Goods
‘S’ – Services
‘T’ – Tax
“Goods and Service Tax (GST) is a comprehensive tax levy on
manufacture, sale and consumption of goods and service at a
national level.
GST is a tax on goods and services with value addition at each
stage having comprehensive and continuous chain of set-of
benefits from the producer’s/ service provider’s point up to the
retailer’s level where only the final consumer should bear the
tax.”

A Common Tax on
Goods Services

Introduction of a GST to replace the existing multiple tax
structures of Centre and State taxes is not only desirable but
imperative in the emerging economic environment. Increasingly,
services are used or consumed in production and distribution of
goods and vice versa. Separate taxation of goods and services
often requires splitting of transaction values into value of goods
and services for taxation, which leads to greater complexities,
administration and compliances costs. Integration of various taxes
into a GST system would make it possible to give full credit for
inputs taxes collected. GST, being a destination-based
consumption tax based on VAT principle, would also greatly help
in removing economic distortions and will help in development of
a common national market.

 GST shall have two components:-
o Central GST - Levied by the Centre; and
o State GST- Levied by the States.
 Central GST and the State GST would be applicable to all
transactions of goods and services made for a consideration.

 Periodical returns to be submitted to both Central GST
authority and to the concerned State GST authorities.
 Uniform procedure for collection of Tax would be prescribed
in the respective legislation for Central GST and State GST.

Despite the success of VAT, there are still certain shortcomings
in the structure of VAT, both at the Centre and at the State level.
A. Justification at the Central Level
i. At present excise duty paid on the raw material consumed
is being allowed as input credit only. For other taxes and
duties paid for post-manufacturing expenses, there is no
mechanism for input credit under the Central Excise Duty
Act.
Contd….

ii. Credit for service tax paid is being allowed
manufacturer/ service provider to a limited extent. In
order to give the credit of service tax paid in respect of
services consumed, it is necessary that there should be a
comprehensive system under which both the goods and
services are covered.
iii. At present, the service tax is levied on restricted items
only. Many other large number of services could not be
taxed. It is to reduce the effect of cascading of taxes,
which means levying tax on taxes.
Contd…

B. Justification at the State Level
i. A major defect under the State VAT is that the State is
charging VAT on the excise duty paid to the Central
Government, which goes against the principle of not
levying tax on taxes.
ii. In the present State level VAT scheme, Cenvat allowed on
the goods remains included in the value of goods to be
taxed which is a cascading effect on account of Cenvat
element.
iii. Many of the States are still continuing with various types of
indirect taxes, such as luxury tax, entertainment tax, etc.
iv. As tax is being levied on inter-state transfer of goods, there
is no provision for taking input credit on CST leading to
additional burden on the dealers.

 GST is a tax on goods and services with comprehensive and continuous
chain of setoff benefits from the Producer’s point and Service provider’s
point up to the retailer level.
 GST is expected be levied only at the destination point, and not at various
points (from manufacturing to retail outlets). It is essentially a tax only on
value addition at each stage and a supplier at each stage is permitted to
setoff through a tax credit mechanism which would eliminate the burden of
all cascading effects, including the burden of CENVAT and service tax.
 Under GST structure, all different stages of production and distribution can
be interpreted as a mere tax pass through and the tax essentially sticks on
final consumption within the taxing jurisdiction.
 Currently, a manufacturer needs to pay tax when a finished product moves
out from the factory, and it is again taxed at the retail outlet when sold. The
taxes are levied at the multiple stages such as CENVAT, Central sales tax,
State Sales Tax, Octroi, etc. will be replaced by GST to be introduced at
Central and State level.
Continued…….

 All goods and services, barring a few exceptions, will be brought into the GST
base. There will be no distinction between goods and services.
 Under GST, the taxation burden will be divided equitably between manufacturing
and services, through a lower tax rate by increasing the tax base and minimizing
exemptions.
 However, the basic features of law such as chargeability, definition of taxable
event and taxable person, measure of levy including valuation provisions, basis of
classification etc. would be uniform across these statutes as far as practicable.
 The existing CST will be discontinued. Instead, a new statute known as IGST will
come into place on the inter-state transfer of the Goods and Services.
 By removing the cascading effect of taxes (CST, additional customs duty,
surcharges, luxury Tax, Entertainment Tax, etc. ),CGST & SGST will be charged
on same price .

Tax
Structure
Direct Tax
Income
Tax
Wealth Tax
Indirect
Tax
Central Tax
Excise
Service
Tax
Customs
State Tax
VAT
Entry Tax,
luxury tax,
Lottery
Tax, etc.

Tax Structure
Direct Tax
Income Tax
Wealth Tax
Indirect Tax =
GST (Except
customs)
Intra- state
CGST
(Central)
SGST
(State)
Inter State
IGST
(Central)

• Central Excise
• Additional duties of Custom (CVD)
• Service Tax
• Surcharges and all cesses
CGST
• VAT/sales tax
• Entertainment Tax
• Luxury Tax
• Lottery Tax
• Entry Tax
• Purchase Tax
• Stamp Duty
• Goods and passenger Tax
• Tax on vehicle
• Electricity, banking, Real state
SGST
• CST
IGST

There are few other indirect taxes that may or may not be
subsumed under the GST regime as there is no consensus
among States and Centre & States –
 Purchase tax
 Stamp Duty
 Vehicle Tax
 Electricity Duty
 Other Entry taxes and Octroi

 SGST and CGST for intrastate transaction : In the GST system, both Central
and State taxes will be collected at the point of sale. Both components (the
Central and State GST) will be charged on the manufacturing cost. This will
benefit individuals as prices are likely to come down. Lower prices will lead to
more consumption, thereby helping companies.
 IGST for Interstate transaction: ‘IGST Model’ will be in place for taxation
of inter State transaction of Goods and Services. The scope of IGST Model is
that center would levy IGST which would be CGST plus SGST on all inter
State transactions of taxable goods and services with appropriate provision for
consignment or stock transfer of goods and services.
 The GST paid on the purchase of goods and services, to be paid on the supply
of goods and services.
 There should be no distinction between raw materials and capital goods in
allowing input tax credit. The tax base should comprehensively extend over all
goods and services up to final consumption point on value addition.
 Assessable value for all the taxes will be same.

Goods
+
Services
1.
Manufacturer
2. Wholesaler
3.Retailer4.Consumer
5.Government
and Banks

Manufacturer
• Input Credit of Goods+ services
• After taking set off of Input credit, pay the Output Liability on value addition
Wholesaler
• Input Credit of Goods+ services from manufacturer
Retailer
• Input Credit of Goods+ services from wholesaler
Consumer • Ultimate Output Liability recovered from consumer

 Since the Central GST and State GST are to be treated separately, in
general, taxes paid against the Central GST shall be allowed to be taken as
input tax credit (ITC) for the Central GST and could be utilized only
against the payment of Central GST. The same principle will be applicable
for the State GST.
 Cross utilization of ITC between the Central GST and the State GST
would, in general, be allowed.
 ADC paid on Import of goods and service would fall under the IGST and
this duty would be allowed for setoff of SGST and CGST.

IGST
Input
IGST
Output
CGST
Output
CGST
Input
IGST
Output
CGST
Output
SGST
Input
IGST
Output
CGST
Output

The illustration shown below indicates, in terms of a hypothetical example with a
manufacturer, one wholesaler and one retailer, how GST will work.
 Manufacturer : Let us suppose that CGST rate is 10% and SGST rate is 5% , with the
manufacturer making value addition of Rs.30 on his purchases worth Rs.100 of input of
goods CGST paid @10%) and services used in the manufacturing process. The
manufacturer will then pay net CGST of Rs. 3 after setting-off Rs. 10 as CGST paid on his
inputs (i.e. Input Tax Credit) from gross CGST of Rs. 13 and Rs, 6.5 as SGST.
Gross Value:130 on that CGST 13/- and SGST 6.5/-
Input Credit: CGST 10-/ and SGST NIL/-
Net Liability: Rs. 3 + 6.5 = 9.5/-
 Wholesaler: The manufacturer sells the goods to the wholesaler. When the wholesaler sells
the same goods after making value addition of (say), Rs. 20, he pays net CGST of only Rs.
2, after setting-off of Input Tax Credit of Rs. 13, from the gross CGST of Rs. 15 and net
SGST of only Rs. 1, after setting-off of Input Tax Credit of Rs. 6.5, from the gross SGST
of Rs. 7.5 to the manufacturer.
Gross Value:150 on that CGST 15/- and SGST 7.5/-
Input Credit: CGST 13-/ and SGST 6.5/-
Net Liability: Rs. 2 + 1 = 3/-
Continued…….

 Retailer: Similarly, when a retailer sells the same goods after a value
addition of (say) Rs. 10, he pays net CGST of only Re.1, after setting-
off Rs.15 from his gross GST of Rs. 16 and net SGST of only Rs. 0.5,
after setting-off of Input Tax Credit of Rs. 7.5, from the gross SGST of
Rs. 8/- paid to wholesaler.
Gross Value:160 on that CGST 16/- and SGST 8/-
Input Credit: CGST 15-/ and SGST 7.5/-
Net Liability: Rs. 1 + 0.5 = 1.5/-
 Total Liability: Thus, the manufacturer, wholesaler and retailer have to
pay only Rs. 6 (= Rs. 3+Rs. 2+Rs. 1) as CGST Rs. 8 (= Rs. 6.5+Rs.
1+Rs. 0.5) as SGST and on the value addition along the entire value
chain from the producer to the retailer, after setting-off GST paid at the
earlier stages. This is shown in the table in next slide. The same
illustration will hold in the case of final service provider as well.
Continued…….

Stage
of
Supply
Chain
Purch
ase
Value
Of
Input
Value
Addi
tion
Value at
Which
Supply
Goods
and
Services
Made to
Next
Stage
Rate
of
SGST
Rate
of
SGST
CGST
on
Output
CGST
on
Output
Input
Tax
Credit
on
CGST
Input
Tax
Credit
on
SGST
Net
CGST=C
GST on
output-
Input
Tax
Credit
Net
SGST=
SGST
on
output-
Input
Tax
Credit
Manuf
acturer
100 30 130 10% 5% 13 6.5 10 0
13–10 =
3
6.5-0=
6.5
Whole
Seller
130 20 150 10% 5% 15 7.5 13 6.5
15–13 =
2
7.5-
6.5=1
Retail
er
150 10 160 10% 5% 16 8 15 7.5
16–15 =
1
8-
7.5=0.5

After introduction of GST, all the traders including manufacturer will be paying both the types of taxes
i.e. CGST and SGST. The Central GST and the State GST would be levied simultaneously on every
transaction of supply of goods and services except the exempted goods and services, goods which are
outside the purview of GST and the transactions which are below the prescribed threshold limits.
Further, both would be levied on the same price or value unlike State VAT which is levied on the value
of the goods inclusive of CENVAT, i.e CGST & SGST will be charged on same price
 Supply of Goods: Suppose the rate of CGST is 10% and that of SGST is 10%. When a wholesale
dealer of steel in Uttar Pradesh supplies steel bars and rods to a construction company, which is also
located within the same State for , say Rs. 100, the dealer would charge CGST of Rs. 10 and SGST of
Rs. 10 in addition to the basic price of the goods.
 Supply of Services : Suppose, that the rate of CGST is 10% and that of SGST is 10%. When an
advertising company located in Mumbai supplies advertising services, to a company manufacturing
soap which is also located within the State of Maharashtra for, Rs. 100, then the ad company would
charge CGST of Rs. 10 as well as SGST of Rs. 10 to the basic value of the service.
In both the cases, he would be required to deposit the CGST component into a Central Government
account and the SGST portion into concerned State Government account. He need not actually pay duty
in cash, as he would be entitled to set-off this liability against the CGST or SGST paid on his purchases
(say, inputs). But for paying CGST he would be allowed to use only the credit of CGST & SGST paid on
his purchases respectively. In other words, CGST credit cannot, in general, be used for payment of SGST.
Nor can SGST credit be used for payment of CGST.

 With Constitutional Amendments, both CGST and SGST will be levied on import of
goods and services into the country.
 The incidence of tax will follow the destination principle(Place of supply rules).
 Tax revenue in case of SGST will accrue to the State where the imported goods and
services are consumed.
 Full and complete set-off will be available on the GST paid on import on goods and
services.
 Thus, import of goods will attract BCD and IGST. It may be noted that import of
services, as against service tax at present, in GST regime, will attract IGST.
 Basic Custom Duty will continue to there under GST system. However, the additional
custom duty in lieu of CVD /Excise and the Special Additional Duty (SAD) in lieu of
sales tax/VAT will be subsumed in the import GST.
 The import of services will be subject to Central GST and State GST on a reverse
charge mechanism. In other words, the GST will be payable by the Importer on a self
declaration basis.

 It will cover all types of person carrying on business activities,
i.e. manufacturer, job-worker, trader, importer, exporter, all
types of service providers, etc.
 If a company is having four branches in four different states, all
the four branches will be considered as TP (Taxable person)
under each jurisdiction of SGs.
 A dealer must get registered under CGST as it will make him
entitle to claim ITC of CGST thereby attracting buyers under
B2B (Business to Business) transactions.
 Importers have to register under both CGST and SGST as well.

 GST on export would be zero rated.
 Similar benefits may be given to Special Economic Zones (in
processing zones only).
 No benefit to the sales from an SEZ to Domestic Tariff Area (DTA).
 GST paid by Exporter on the procurement of goods and
services will be refunded.

 Each taxpayer would be allotted a PAN linked taxpayer
identification number with a total of 13/15 digits.
 This would bring the GST PAN-linked system in line with the
prevailing PAN-based system for Income tax facilitating data
exchange and taxpayer compliance.
 The exact design would be worked out in consultation with
the Income-Tax Department.

 The taxpayer would need to submit periodical returns to both
the Central GST authority and to the concerned State GST
authorities.
 ITC credit can also be verified on the basis of the returns filed
and revenues reconciled against Challan data from banks.
 Common standardized return for all taxes (with different
account heads for CGST, SGST, IGST) can come into picture.
 Common standardized Challan for all taxes (with different
account heads for CGST, SGST, IGST) can come into picture.

Existing Practice
Excise Duty-Manufacturing,
Sales Tax/VAT- Sale of Goods
Service Tax- Realization of Service
GST
Taxable event is “Supply “ of Goods & service
The location of the supplier and the recipient
within the country is immaterial for the purpose
of CGST.
SGST would be chargeable only when the
supplier and the recipient are both located within
the State.
Inter state Supply of goods and services will
attract IGST.

 The Task Force on GST said the computation of CGST and
SGST liability should be based on the Invoice credit method.
i.e., allow credit for tax paid on all intermediate goods and
services on the basis of invoices issued by the supplier.
 Invoice level detail is necessary for the reconciliation of tax
deposits, and the end-to-end reconciliation of ITC. An
effective IGST implementation may also require invoice-level
details.
 A number of states are capturing invoice details even in the
existing VAT systems. It is proposed to follow a two-pronged
approach with Dealer level granularity of returns in the first
phase followed by invoice level in the next phase.

 The combined GST rate is being discussed by government.
The rate is expected around 16 per cent. After the total GST
rate is arrived at, the States and the Centre will decide on
the CGST and SGST rates. Currently, services are taxed at
12 per cent and the combined charge indirect taxes on most
goods are around 20 per cent.
 Today the Rate of GST in some countries are Australia10%,
France19.60%, Canada5%, Germany19%, Japan5%,
Singapore7%, Sweden25%, New Zealand15% &
Pakistan17%

Turnover of Goods Applicable Taxes
 Below Rs. 10 Lacs.  Neither State GST nor Central
GST
 Between Rs. 10 Lacs and Rs. 150
Lacs
 Only State GST
 Above Rs. 150 Lacs  Both State GST and Central GST

 Levies on petroleum products
 Levies on alcoholic products
 Taxes on lottery and betting
 Basic customs duty and safeguard duties on import of
goods into India
 Entry taxes levied by municipalities or panchayats
 Entertainment and Luxury taxes
 Electricity duties/ taxes
 Stamp duties on immovable properties
 Taxes on vehicles

Alcohol, tobacco, petroleum products are likely to be out of the GST regime.
Tax on items containing Alcohol: Alcoholic beverages would be kept out of the purview of
GST. Sales Tax/VAT could be continued to be levied on alcoholic beverages as per the existing
practice. In case it has been made VA table by some States, there is no objection to that. Excise
Duty, which is presently levied by the States may not also be affected.
Tax on Petroleum Products: Petroleum and petroleum products have also been
constitutionally brought under the GST. However, it has also been provided that petroleum and
petroleum products shall not be subject to the levy of GST till notified at a future date on the
recommendation of the GST Council.
Tax on Tobacco products: Tobacco products would be subjected to GST with ITC. Centre
may be allowed to levy excise duty on tobacco products over and above GST with ITC.
Taxation of Services: As indicated earlier, both the Centre and the States will have concurrent
power to levy tax on goods and services. In the case of States, the principle for taxation of
intra-State and inter46 State has already been formulated by the Working Group of Principal
Secretaries /Secretaries of Finance / Taxation and Commissioners of Trade Taxes with senior
representatives of Department of Revenue, Government of India. For inter-State transactions an
innovative model of Integrated GST will be adopted by appropriately aligning and integrating
CGST and IGST.

A Composition/Compounding Scheme will be an important feature
of GST, to protect the interests of small traders and small scale
industries. The Composition/Compounding scheme for the purpose
of GST should have an upper ceiling on gross annual turnover and
a floor tax rate with respect to gross annual turnover.
In particular there will be a compounding cut-off at Rs. 50 lakhs of
the gross annual turnover and the floor rate of 0.5% across the
States. The scheme would allow option for GST registration for
dealers with turnover below the compounding cut-off.

 Based on the legal provisions and procedure for GST,
the content of work-flow software such as ACES
(Automated Central Excise & Service Tax) would
require review.
 On the IT front, there has been consensus that there
will be a common portal providing three core services
(registration, returns and payments).

Common GST
Portal
(Reconciliation
system)
Taxpayer
State 1Portal
State 2 Portal
State N Portal
NSDL
MCA CBDT
CBEC
(Central
Portal)
Banks and RBI
Send Challan
Upload Challan
Details
File Returns
CGST and
IGST Returns
SGST and
IGST Return

 Under the CGST model proposed, with threshold of
annual turnover of Rs.10 lakhs, the present Assessee
base of Excise and Service Tax of about 10 lakhs will
increase to about 50 lakhs as every manufacturer and
Trader above the specified threshold will be liable to
CGST.

 The Exporting State will transfer to the Centre the
credit of SGST used in payment of IGST.
 The Importing dealer will claim credit of IGST while
discharging his output tax liability in his own State,
 The Centre will transfer to the importing State the
credit of IGST used in payment of SGST,
 The relevant information will also be submitted to the
Central Agency which will act as a clearing house
mechanism.

 Maintenance of uninterrupted ITC chain on inter-State
transactions.
 No upfront payment of tax or substantial blockage of funds for
the inter-State seller or buyer.
 No refund claim in exporting State, as ITC is used up while
paying the tax.
 Self monitoring mode

 Level of computerization is limited to inter-State dealers and
Central and State Governments should be able to computerize their
processes expeditiously.
 As all inter-State dealers will be e-registered and correspondence
with them will be by e-mail, the compliance level will improve
substantially.
 Model can take ‘Business to Business’ as well as ‘Business to
Consumer’ transactions into account.
Advantages of IGST Mode (Cont….)

 Major flaw of this model is ,Local Dealers have to pay
CGST in addition to SGST.
 In Addition to this, CGST mainly represents the
Excise/service tax and SGST mainly represents the VAT
portion but, because of ‘No differentiation between
Goods and Services’ service supply within the state
would attract SGST as GST is levied at each stage in the
supply chain and Assessee have to Pay CGST as well
SGST.
 The issue which still needs to be resolved are, the revenue
sharing between States and Centre, and a framework for
exemption, thresholds and composition.

Parliament panel might propose optional GST for states
 The panel, to consider its draft report on the Constitution (115th
Amendment) Bill on the GST, feel states should be given enough fiscal
space if the success of Value Added Tax (VAT) is to be replicated.
 To address concerns of the states on revenue loss, the panel might
recommend an automatic compensation mechanism, wherein a fund is
created under the proposed GST Council. It also wants a study to
evaluate the impact of GST on the revenue of states. It could suggest a
floor rate with a narrow band, decision by voting and not consensus in
the GST Council, omitting the provision on setting up a Dispute
Settlement Authority, subsuming entry tax in GST and giving powers to
states to levy tax in the event of a natural calamity, among other things.
Contd..

 The report of the standing committee could be adopted in its next
meeting and the finance ministry, after incorporating the panel’s
views, would approach the cabinet to present the Bill in Parliament
with the changes.

 What preparations are required at the level of CG and SG for
implementing GST?
 Whether the Government machinery is in place for such a mammoth
change?
 Whether the tax-payers are ready for such a change?
 What impact it can have on the revenue of the government?
 How can the burden of tax, in general, fall under the GST?
 In what respect, it will affect the manufacturers, traders and ultimate
consumers?
 How will GST benefit the small entrepreneurs and small traders?
 Which type of administrative work will be involved in complying
with the GST requirements?

 Dialogue with Trade & Industry and all other stake
holders
 Industrial inputs, Capital goods to be at lower rate
 List of exempted goods – specific/common across
states
 Stock transfers should be exempted monitors through
system based controls

 Knowledge management
 Preparatory advisory
 Cost benefit analysis
 GST implementation
 Training / seminars / awareness
 Planning compliances
 Advance ruling representation
 Employment with corporates
 Client retainerships
 GST Audit

 All declaration forms (Form F, C) should be abolished
 Monitoring through system based controls
 Full set-off of Input tax credit to the assessee / entity, based on principle of
business cost and expenditure
 Immediate credit of stock transfers, without one-to-one co-relation.
 Set-off should be on entity / concern basis.
 Refunds, if any, should be automatic through system based controls.

 Multiple state jurisdictions.
 Full set-off : a question mark
 Building of IT backbone
 Uniform legislation, forms, rules, rates, compliance
requirements.
 Any change post implementation should be uniform by all
states not piecemeal.
 Bar on increase in rates, imposition of new taxes by states

 Constitutional amendment authorizing state to
collect and retain tax on services.
 Integration of certain Central & State taxes
(Various Cess, Electricity duty, Entertainment
tax etc)
 Stock transfers
 Road permits and check posts
to be contd….

 Taxation of inter-state services and their method of taxation
Difficulties in defining Place of supply, place of delivery
Group Health Insurance
Consulting services
However most of the B2B services not a problem
because of availability of credit
Disputes even with regard to classification of goods
Jurisdictional Issues with regard to registration and SCN /
Assessments

 Seamless credit to trade and industry throughout supply chain
will improve competitiveness
 Common Tax Base will eliminate tax cascading
 CST phase-out will reduce supply chain cost
 Economy in production scale & efficiency in distribution
 Simplified structure to reduce transaction cost

 The taxation of goods and services in India has, hitherto, been
characterized as a cascading and distortionary tax on production resulting
in mis-allocation of resources and lower productivity and economic
growth. It also inhibits voluntary compliance. It is well recognized that
this problem can be effectively addressed by shifting the tax burden from
production and trade to final consumption. A well designed destination-
based value added tax on all goods and services is the most elegant
method of eliminating distortions and taxing consumption. Under this
structure, all different stages of production and distribution can be
interpreted as a mere tax pass-through, and the tax essentially ‘sticks’ on
final consumption within the taxing jurisdiction.
 A ‘flawless’ GST in the context of the federal structure which would
optimize efficiency, equity and effectiveness. The ‘flawless’ GST is
designed as a consumption type destination VAT based on invoice-credit
method.

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