This document discusses labor unrest and the rise of organized labor movements in the United States from 1870-1912. It covers the growth of child labor, labor organizing efforts like the Knights of Labor and American Federation of Labor, major strikes such as the Pullman Strike of 1894 and the Lawrence Textile Strike of 1912, and the rise of socialist groups advocating for workers' rights like the Industrial Workers of the World. Key events and figures related to the development of the American labor movement are presented.

2. Labor Force
Distribution
1870-1900

3. The Changing American
Labor Force

4. Child Labor
Child Labor in PA

5. Child Labor

6. Labor Unrest: 1870-
1900

7. The Molly Maguires
(1875)
JamesJames
McParlandMcParland

8. The Corporate
“Bully-Boys”:
Pinkerton
Agents

9. Management vs. Labor
““Tools” ofTools” of
ManagementManagement
““Tools” ofTools” of
LaborLabor
 ““scabs”scabs”
 P. R. campaignP. R. campaign
 PinkertonsPinkertons
 lockoutlockout
 blacklistingblacklisting
 yellow-dog contractsyellow-dog contracts
 court injunctionscourt injunctions
 open shopopen shop
 boycottsboycotts
 sympathysympathy
demonstrationsdemonstrations
 informationalinformational
picketingpicketing
 closed shopsclosed shops
 organizedorganized
strikesstrikes
 ““wildcat” strikeswildcat” strikes

10. A Striker Confronts a
SCAB!

11. Knights of Labor
Terence V. PowderlyTerence V. Powderly
An injury to one is the concern of all!An injury to one is the concern of all!

12. Knights of Labor
Knights of Labor trade cardKnights of Labor trade card

13. Goals of the Knights
of Laborù Eight-hour workday.Eight-hour workday.
ù WorkersWorkers’ cooperatives.’ cooperatives.
ù Worker-owned factories.Worker-owned factories.
ù Abolition of child and prison labor.Abolition of child and prison labor.
ù Increased circulation of greenbacks.Increased circulation of greenbacks.
ù Equal pay for men and women.Equal pay for men and women.
ù Safety codes in the workplace.Safety codes in the workplace.
ù Prohibition of contract foreign labor.Prohibition of contract foreign labor.
ù Abolition of the National Bank.Abolition of the National Bank.

14. The Great Railroad
Strike
of 1877

15. The Great Railroad
Strike of 1877

16. The Tournament of Today:
A Set-to Between Labor and
Monopoly

17. Anarchists Meet on the
Lake Front in 1886

18. Haymarket Riot
(1886)
McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.

19. Haymarket Martyrs

20. Governor John Peter Altgeld

21. The American Federation
of Labor: 1886
Samuel GompersSamuel Gompers

22. How the AF of L
Would Help the
Workersù Catered to the skilled worker.Catered to the skilled worker.
ù Represented workers in matters of nationalRepresented workers in matters of national
legislation.legislation.
ù Maintained a national strike fund.Maintained a national strike fund.
ù Evangelized the cause of unionism.Evangelized the cause of unionism.
ù Prevented disputes among the many craftPrevented disputes among the many craft
unions.unions.
ù Mediated disputes between managementMediated disputes between management
and labor.and labor.
ù Pushed forPushed for closed shopsclosed shops..

23. Homestead Steel Strike
(1892)
The AmalgamatedThe Amalgamated
Association ofAssociation of
Iron & Steel WorkersIron & Steel Workers
Homestead SteelHomestead Steel
WorksWorks

24. Big Corporate Profits!

25. Attempted
Assassination!
Henry Clay FrickHenry Clay Frick
Alexander BerkmanAlexander Berkman

26. A “Company
Town”:
Pullman,
IL

27. Pullman Cars
A Pullman porterA Pullman porter

28. The Pullman Strike of
1894

29. President Grover
Cleveland
If it takes the entire army and navy toIf it takes the entire army and navy to
deliver a postal card in Chicago, that carddeliver a postal card in Chicago, that card
will be delivered!will be delivered!

30. The Pullman Strike of
1894
Government by injunction!Government by injunction!

31. The Socialists
Eugene V. DebsEugene V. Debs

32. International Workers of
the World (“Wobblies”)

33. “Big Bill” Haywood of
the
IWW
 Violence was justified toViolence was justified to
overthrow capitalism.overthrow capitalism.

34. I W W & the
Internationale

35. The Hand That Will Rule
the World One Big
Union

36. Mother Jones:
“The Miner’s Angel”
 Mary Harris.Mary Harris.
 Organizer for theOrganizer for the
United MineUnited Mine
Workers.Workers.
 Founded the SocialFounded the Social
Democratic PartyDemocratic Party
in 1898.in 1898.
 One of theOne of the
founding membersfounding members
of the I. W. W. inof the I. W. W. in
1905.1905.

37. Lawrence, MA
Strike: 1912

38. The “Bread & Roses”
Strike
DEMANDS:DEMANDS:
ù 15¢/hr. wage increase.15¢/hr. wage increase.
ù Double pay for overtime.Double pay for overtime.
ù No discrimination against strikers.No discrimination against strikers.
ù An end toAn end to “speed-up” on the“speed-up” on the
assembly line.assembly line.
ù An end to discrimination againstAn end to discrimination against
foreign immigrant workers.foreign immigrant workers.

39. Lawrence, MA Strike:
1912

40. The
“Formul
a”
unionsunions + violence + strikes + socialists + immigrantsviolence + strikes + socialists + immigrants =
anarchistsanarchists

41. Labor Union
Membership

42. The Rise & Decline of
Organized Labor