Indian agriculture has experienced significant growth and changes over time. Some key points:
1) Agriculture remains an important part of the Indian economy, providing employment to around half of India's workforce and contributing approximately 13-15% to national GDP.
2) Both agricultural production and productivity have increased substantially over the past decades due to factors like increased usage of inputs, irrigation expansion, mechanization, and crop intensification.
3) However, Indian agriculture still faces challenges to sustain its growth from population pressure on land, climate change impacts, lack of post-harvest infrastructure. Future strategies are needed to boost productivity while ensuring food security.
The agriculture sector employs nearly half of the workforce in the country. However, it contributes to 17.5% of the GDP (at current prices in 2015-16).Agriculture sector’s contribution has decreased from more than 50% of GDP in the 1950s to 15.4% in 2015-16 (at constant prices). This slides discuss about Indian agriculture status and problems and solutions.
India is considered as one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Agriculture is the mother of any economy, whether it is rich or poor. Much of its influence is on the other sectors of economy - industry and service. India is the second largest in farm output. Hence, India’s economic security continues to be predicated upon the agriculture sector, and the situation is not likely to change in the near future. Even today, the share of agriculture in employment is about 49% of the population, as against around 75% at the time of independence. In the same period, the contribution of agriculture and allied sector to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has fallen from 61% to 17% in 2015-16. Around 51% of India’s geographical area is already under cultivation as compared to 11% of the world average. China with lesser cultivable land produces double the food grains, i.e. 607 million tons in 2015 -16 as compared with India’s 252 million tons in 2015-16. The present cropping intensity of 136% has registered an increase of only 25% since independence. Further, rain fed dry lands constitute 65% of the total net sown area. There is also an unprecedented degradation of land (107 million ha) and groundwater resource, and also fall in the rate of growth of total factor productivity. This deceleration needs to be arrested and agricultural productivity has to be doubled to meet growing demands of the population by 2050. Natural resource base of agriculture, which provides for sustainable production, is shrinking and degrading, and is adversely affecting production capacity of the ecosystem. However, demand for agriculture is rising rapidly with increase in population and per capita income and growing demand from industry sector. There is, thus, an urgent need to identify severity of problem confronting agriculture sector to restore its vitality and put it back on higher growth trajectory. The problems, however, are surmountable, particularly when new tools of science and technology have started offering tremendous opportunities for application in agriculture. However, the country recorded impressive achievements in agriculture during three decades since the onset of green revolution in late sixties. This enabled the country to overcome widespread hunger and starvation; achieve self-sufficiency in food; reduce poverty and bring economic transformation in millions of rural families. The situation, however, started turning adverse for the sector around mid-nineties, with slowdown in growth rate of output, which then resulted in stagnation or even decline in farmers’ income leading to agrarian distress, which is spreading and turning more and more serious. This Paper attempts to focus attention on Issues, Challenges and Government policies of Indian Agriculture in the context of Globalization.
The agriculture sector employs nearly half of the workforce in the country. However, it contributes to 17.5% of the GDP (at current prices in 2015-16).Agriculture sector’s contribution has decreased from more than 50% of GDP in the 1950s to 15.4% in 2015-16 (at constant prices). This slides discuss about Indian agriculture status and problems and solutions.
India is considered as one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Agriculture is the mother of any economy, whether it is rich or poor. Much of its influence is on the other sectors of economy - industry and service. India is the second largest in farm output. Hence, India’s economic security continues to be predicated upon the agriculture sector, and the situation is not likely to change in the near future. Even today, the share of agriculture in employment is about 49% of the population, as against around 75% at the time of independence. In the same period, the contribution of agriculture and allied sector to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has fallen from 61% to 17% in 2015-16. Around 51% of India’s geographical area is already under cultivation as compared to 11% of the world average. China with lesser cultivable land produces double the food grains, i.e. 607 million tons in 2015 -16 as compared with India’s 252 million tons in 2015-16. The present cropping intensity of 136% has registered an increase of only 25% since independence. Further, rain fed dry lands constitute 65% of the total net sown area. There is also an unprecedented degradation of land (107 million ha) and groundwater resource, and also fall in the rate of growth of total factor productivity. This deceleration needs to be arrested and agricultural productivity has to be doubled to meet growing demands of the population by 2050. Natural resource base of agriculture, which provides for sustainable production, is shrinking and degrading, and is adversely affecting production capacity of the ecosystem. However, demand for agriculture is rising rapidly with increase in population and per capita income and growing demand from industry sector. There is, thus, an urgent need to identify severity of problem confronting agriculture sector to restore its vitality and put it back on higher growth trajectory. The problems, however, are surmountable, particularly when new tools of science and technology have started offering tremendous opportunities for application in agriculture. However, the country recorded impressive achievements in agriculture during three decades since the onset of green revolution in late sixties. This enabled the country to overcome widespread hunger and starvation; achieve self-sufficiency in food; reduce poverty and bring economic transformation in millions of rural families. The situation, however, started turning adverse for the sector around mid-nineties, with slowdown in growth rate of output, which then resulted in stagnation or even decline in farmers’ income leading to agrarian distress, which is spreading and turning more and more serious. This Paper attempts to focus attention on Issues, Challenges and Government policies of Indian Agriculture in the context of Globalization.
About 75% people are living in rural areas and are still dependent on Agriculture.
About 43% of India’s geographical area is used for agricultural activity.
Agriculture continues to play a major role in Indian Economy.
Provides food to more than 1 billion people
Produces 51 major crops
Contributes to 1/6th of the Export Earnings
Indian Agricultural Concerns and Future Prospects of Agriculture in IndiaDevina Seram
Challenges faced in Present Indian Agriculture.
Future Prospects of Agriculture in India (Expected)
"Everything Else Can Wait But Not Agriculture".
- Jawaharlal Nehru
NEW AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF INDIA 2000, POWER POINT PRESENTATIONDebanjanMondal10
This slide content new agricultural policies of india that was taken in the year of 2000, in the aim of gaining production of 4% in every year till 2020.The whole information has been given on that slide,helps one to get complete knowledge of new policies,and its applications.
INTRODUCTION - AGRICULTURE IN INDIA - INDIA IN WORLD OF AGRICULTURE - ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN INDIAN ECONOMY - PROVISION FOR FOOD GRAINS - SOURCE OF REVENUE FOR THE GOVERNMENT - GREEN REVOLUTION - GREEN REVELATION EFFECTS
India has done well since independence in Agriculture. But the potential for further growth is immense . By adopting the strategies in the paper , the growth can be taken to 6% p.a.
Agri-Business - The Resurgence of Agriculture in IndiaSukant Senapaty
Agriculture in India is being redefined with emerging trends that are giving it the contours of a lucrative business. Farmers association, marketing associations and corporatization of agriculture in India means that the transition of the sector from small farm based unit to modern corporatized Agri Business units is complete.
A proposed venture capitalist's Futuristic E-Agriculture viewpoint for India, Siddharth Bhattacharya's Vision for making India a strong indigenously self-reliant, developed nation by 2020 having realized vision 2020.
About 75% people are living in rural areas and are still dependent on Agriculture.
About 43% of India’s geographical area is used for agricultural activity.
Agriculture continues to play a major role in Indian Economy.
Provides food to more than 1 billion people
Produces 51 major crops
Contributes to 1/6th of the Export Earnings
Indian Agricultural Concerns and Future Prospects of Agriculture in IndiaDevina Seram
Challenges faced in Present Indian Agriculture.
Future Prospects of Agriculture in India (Expected)
"Everything Else Can Wait But Not Agriculture".
- Jawaharlal Nehru
NEW AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF INDIA 2000, POWER POINT PRESENTATIONDebanjanMondal10
This slide content new agricultural policies of india that was taken in the year of 2000, in the aim of gaining production of 4% in every year till 2020.The whole information has been given on that slide,helps one to get complete knowledge of new policies,and its applications.
INTRODUCTION - AGRICULTURE IN INDIA - INDIA IN WORLD OF AGRICULTURE - ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN INDIAN ECONOMY - PROVISION FOR FOOD GRAINS - SOURCE OF REVENUE FOR THE GOVERNMENT - GREEN REVOLUTION - GREEN REVELATION EFFECTS
India has done well since independence in Agriculture. But the potential for further growth is immense . By adopting the strategies in the paper , the growth can be taken to 6% p.a.
Agri-Business - The Resurgence of Agriculture in IndiaSukant Senapaty
Agriculture in India is being redefined with emerging trends that are giving it the contours of a lucrative business. Farmers association, marketing associations and corporatization of agriculture in India means that the transition of the sector from small farm based unit to modern corporatized Agri Business units is complete.
A proposed venture capitalist's Futuristic E-Agriculture viewpoint for India, Siddharth Bhattacharya's Vision for making India a strong indigenously self-reliant, developed nation by 2020 having realized vision 2020.
Data-Driven Decision Making For Indian AgricultureSocialCops
Udit Poddar, Data Scientist at SocialCops, gave this presentation on " Data-Driven Decision Making in Indian Agriculture: the Present and the Future" at the Fifth Elephant, 2016
It is he best project to give an idea for the school project on meteorological Instruments. it gives info of few commonly used instruments which play a great role in day to day life and much more......
Better ways of using Analytics in Agriculture in indiaYagnesh Shetty
Received the 1st Prize for this Research Paper presentation on Better Ways of using Analytics in Agriculture in India. Undertook Primary and Secondary Research to understand innovations in the agricultural sector that could transform the productivity levels and yeild/hectare for Indian farms. Did a comparative study of the Global scenario and made recommendations for Indian scope.
Agriculture in India has a significant history. Today, India ranks second worldwide in farm output. The economic contribution of agriculture to India's GDP is steadily declining with the country's broad-based economic growth. Still, agriculture is demographically the broadest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic fabric of India.
Critically Analyze the Transitional Dynamics in the Agriculture sector. What is Green Revolution? How Agriculture sector can be made an engine of economic growth with special reference to Pakistan?
Regular Programmed budget is funded by its members, through contributions set at the FAO Conference. This budget covers core technical work, cooperation and partnerships including the Technical Cooperation Programmed, knowledge exchange, policy and advocacy, direction and administration, governance and security in Gujarat.
Gujarat State ranks first with respect to risk covered (Sum Insured), premium income, subsidies paid, farmers covered and claims paid under NAIS among the implementing States.
National Horticulture Mission (in effect till XI plan) with main thrust on augmenting production of all horticultural products (Fruits, Vegetables, Flowers, Plantation crops, Spices, Medicinal Aromatic plants) in the states
India holds the second largest agricultural land (179.9 million hectares) in the world. India is the largest producer of pulses, milk, tea, cashew and jute; and the second largest producer of wheat, rice, fruits and vegetables, sugarcane, cotton and oilseeds. Total food grains production in India reached an all-time high of 259.32 million tonnes (MT) in FY12. Rice and wheat production in the country stood at 105.3 MT and 94.9 MT respectively.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of agriculture and allied sectors in India reached US$ 151.8 billion in FY12. India is among the 10 leading exporters of agricultural products in the world; the country accounted for 2.07 per cent of global agricultural trade in 2012. Total agricultural exports from India registered 24.1 per cent compound annual growth rate (CAGR) to reach US$ 39 billion during FY07-12.
Domestic demand for agricultural and allied products has not only been rising due to rising population, but also as a result of greater consumption by a wealthier population. Indian agriculture has also benefitted from rising external demand and the sector’s wider participation in the global economy.
The Government of India has launched National Food Security Mission (NFSM) to increase production of rice, wheat and pulses. It has also implemented schemes like Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) which incentivises states to increase private investment in agriculture and allied sectors
M.Sc. (Ag.) in Agricultural Marketing & Cooperation
This includes the inception, present status and future aspects of the Mission as a comprehensive manner.
Importance, area, production and productivity of cerealsVENKATESH AGRI
India is an agricultural country. They produce 3 classes of crops such as Food crops, Commercial crops & Oil seeds. The main food crops of India are Rice, Wheat, Maize & Barley etc.
A N Sinha Institute of Social Science (ANSISS), and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) organized a one day consulation on
‘A Food Secure Bihar: Challenges and Way Forward’ on August 06, 2014 at ANSISS, Patna, Bihar.
You are aware that National Food Security Act (NFSA) has been enacted with a view to ensure food security in India and Bihar is one of the state where ensuring food security is a major challenge. A better understanding of NFSA in the context of Bihar will be helpful for effective implementation of the NFSA. The main objective of the policy consultative workshop is to deliberate on the options and strategies for making NFSA efficient and effective in Bihar.
StarCompliance is a leading firm specializing in the recovery of stolen cryptocurrency. Our comprehensive services are designed to assist individuals and organizations in navigating the complex process of fraud reporting, investigation, and fund recovery. We combine cutting-edge technology with expert legal support to provide a robust solution for victims of crypto theft.
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Our team of experienced lawyers can initiate lawsuits on your behalf and represent you in various jurisdictions around the world. They work diligently to recover your stolen funds and ensure that justice is served.
At StarCompliance, we understand the urgency and stress involved in dealing with cryptocurrency theft. Our dedicated team works quickly and efficiently to provide you with the support and expertise needed to recover your assets. Trust us to be your partner in navigating the complexities of the crypto world and safeguarding your investments.
Levelwise PageRank with Loop-Based Dead End Handling Strategy : SHORT REPORT ...Subhajit Sahu
Abstract — Levelwise PageRank is an alternative method of PageRank computation which decomposes the input graph into a directed acyclic block-graph of strongly connected components, and processes them in topological order, one level at a time. This enables calculation for ranks in a distributed fashion without per-iteration communication, unlike the standard method where all vertices are processed in each iteration. It however comes with a precondition of the absence of dead ends in the input graph. Here, the native non-distributed performance of Levelwise PageRank was compared against Monolithic PageRank on a CPU as well as a GPU. To ensure a fair comparison, Monolithic PageRank was also performed on a graph where vertices were split by components. Results indicate that Levelwise PageRank is about as fast as Monolithic PageRank on the CPU, but quite a bit slower on the GPU. Slowdown on the GPU is likely caused by a large submission of small workloads, and expected to be non-issue when the computation is performed on massive graphs.
Explore our comprehensive data analysis project presentation on predicting product ad campaign performance. Learn how data-driven insights can optimize your marketing strategies and enhance campaign effectiveness. Perfect for professionals and students looking to understand the power of data analysis in advertising. for more details visit: https://bostoninstituteofanalytics.org/data-science-and-artificial-intelligence/
Adjusting primitives for graph : SHORT REPORT / NOTESSubhajit Sahu
Graph algorithms, like PageRank Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) is an adjacency-list based graph representation that is
Multiply with different modes (map)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector multiply.
2. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector multiply.
Sum with different storage types (reduce)
1. Performance of vector element sum using float vs bfloat16 as the storage type.
Sum with different modes (reduce)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector element sum.
2. Performance of memcpy vs in-place based CUDA based vector element sum.
3. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (memcpy).
4. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Sum with in-place strategies of CUDA mode (reduce)
1. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Ch03-Managing the Object-Oriented Information Systems Project a.pdf
Growth and performance of agriculture and its future challenges
1. Growth and Performance of Indian
Agriculture and its Future Challenges
1
MOHIT KUMAR
2015A04M
2. Outline of the presentation
• Introduction
• Importance of Agriculture in Indian Economy
• Factors affecting growth of Indian agriculture
• Growth in area, production and productivity
• Stock of Food grains in central pool
• Trends in import and export of agricultural products
• Agriculture & National GDP
• Different revolutions related to Agriculture
• Future challenges to agriculture sector in India
• Suggestions to overcome future challenges
• Conclusion
• References
2
3. Everything can wait but agriculture
can’t.
Jawaharlal Nehru
The momentum of growth of a developing
economy resides solely on it’s Agriculture
sector.
Dr. D.Subba Rao
( Former RBI Governor)
3
4. • In the beginning of eighteenth century(1723) Angus Madison
British economic historian describe India as one of the richest
country in the world and constitute about 23 per cent of global
GDP.
• We had been reduced to(1947)
One of the poorest
Most backward
16% literacy rate
Economic growth less than 1%
Particularly no domestic industry
90% BPL
Pax Indica2012 , Sashi Tharur
INTRODUCTION
5. TRADITIONALAGRICULTURE MODERN AGRICULTURE
LESSER PRODUCTION &
PRODUCTIVITY
HIGHER PRODUCTION &
PRODUCTIVITY
STATE OF HUNGER STATE OF FOOD SECURITY
POOR INFRASTRUCTURE HIGHLY DEVELOPED
INFRASTRUCTURES
TECHNOLOGICALLY DEPRIVED TECHNOLOGICAL
ADVANCEMENT
LOW PER CAPITA INCOME HIGH PER CAPITA INCOME
LOW STANDARD OF LIVING HIGHER STANDARD OF LIVING
5
6. Importance of Agriculture for India
Account for 18 per cent of human population & 15 per cent of
livestock population of world
Population is increasing at an average growth rate of 1.25 per cent
per annum
Provides employment to 48.5 percent of total work force
Accounts for 14.17 per cent of total national exports
Accounts for 3.87 per cent of total national imports
Contributes 13.7 per cent towards GDP
Growth of economy is closely associated with growth of its
agricultural sector
6
Source: Agricultural statistics at a glance- 2014, GOI, Yojna June2016
7. State of Indian Agriculture
• Total geographical area : 329 Million Hectare
• Total cropped area : 198.97 Million hectare
• Net cropped area : 141.58 Million hectare
• Total irrigated area : 89.36 Million hectare
• Net irrigated area : 63.60 Million hectare
• Total fertilizer consumption : 255.36 Million Tonnes
• Total credit availability : 607.37 Thousand Crore rupee
• Gross capital formation : 234.27 Thousand Crore rupee
• Total food grain production : 257.13 Million Tonnes
• Total horticultural production : 268.84 Million Tonnes
• Total pulse production : 19.27 Million Tonnes
• Total Oilseed Production : 32.88 Million Tonnes
• Total milk production : 137.7 Million Tonnes
7
Source: Agricultural statistics at a glance- 2014, GOI
8. • Total Indian export : 1634.67 Thousand Crore rupee
• Total agricultural export : 230.14 Thousand Crore Rs
• Share of agriculture in total export : 14.1%
• Share in Total Export earning : 14.7%
• Total Indian imports : 2669.83 Thousand Crore rupee
• Total agricultural imports : 105.14 Thousand Crore rupee
• Share of agriculture in total imports : 3.87 %
• Share of agriculture in nations GDP : 13.7 per cent
• Per capita availability of Milk : 290 gm/ day
• Per capita availability of food grains : 510.8gm/day
• Per capita availability of food pulses : 47.12gm/day
8
Source: Agricultural statistics at a glance- 2014, GOI
State of Indian Agriculture
9. • Achieved Growth rate (11th FYP) :3.64 percent
• Target growth rate (12th FYP) :4.0 percent
• Global rank in farm outputs :2nd
• First in the production of :Milk, Pulses, Livestock, Jute,
Tea and Cauliflower.
• Second in the production of :Wheat, Rice, Fruit, Vegetables,
Sugarcane, onion, Groundnut and
Tobacco.
• Third in the production of :Tobacco, Cotton
• Fourth in the production of :Natural rubber
• Seventh in the production of :Coffee
• Major agricultural export product :Rice>Cashew>Wheat>Tea>Tobacoo
• Major agricultural imported products :Vegetable oil>Pulses>Fruit
9
Sources: Agricultural statistics at a glance- 2014, GOI,
A competitive Book of Agriculture, Nem Raj Sunda
11. 11
GROWTH IN
PRODUCTION
AND
PRODUCTIVITY
1.LAND AREA
UNDER
CULTIVATION
2.GROWTH IN
INPUT USAGE
4.AVAILABILITY OF
AGRICULTURAL
CREDIT
9.SUPPORTIVE
GOVT. POLICIES &
SCHEMES
3.AVAILABILITY OF
LABOUR
6.FAVOURABLE
AGRICULTURAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
10. MONSOON
Factors affecting Growth of Agricultural Sector
5. CAPITAL
FORMATION IN
AGRICULTURE
8. AGRO-
PROCESSING &
VALUE ADDITION
7.TECHNOLOGICA
L UPGRADATION
12. S No Classification
1950-
51
1960-
61
1970-
71
1980-81
1990-
91
2000-01 2010-11 2011-12
1 Total Geographical area 328.73 328.73 328.73 328.73 328.73 328.73 328.73 328.73
2
Reported Area for Land
use statistics (A-E)
284.32 298.46 303.75 304.16 304.86 305.13 305.9 305.81
A). Forest 40.48 54.05 63.83 67.46 67.81 69.74 70.01 70.02
B). Not Available for
Agriculture
47.52 50.75 44.61 39.55 40.48 41.23 43.56 43.52
C). Other uncultivated
land excluding fallow
49.45 37.64 35.13 32.31 30.22 27.74 26.17 26.29
D). Fallow land 28.12 22.82 19.33 24.55 23.37 25.04 24.59 25.38
E.) Net area sown 118.75 133.2 140.86 140.29 143 141.34 141.58 140.80
3
Area sown more than
once
13.15 19.57 24.93 34.63 42.74 44 57.39 54.44
4 Cropping Intensity (%) 111.07 114.69 117.7 123.05 129.89 131.13 139.3.9 138.67
5 Net Irrigated Area 20.85 24.66 31.1 38.72 48.02 55.2 63.6 65.26
6 Gross Irrigated Area 22.56 27.98 38.2 49.78 63.2 76.19 89.36 91.53
12
Source: Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, 2014(Ministry of Agriculture)
Land Use Pattern & Area under Irrigation in India
(Area in Million Hectare)
13. Agriculture Land Use Pattern in India
13
A. Forest
14%
B. Not Available
for Agriculture
17%
C. Other
uncultivated land
excluding fallow
17%
D. Fallow land
10%
E. Net area sown
42%
1950-51
A. Forest
21%
B. Not Available for
Agriculture
18%
C. Other
uncultivated land
excluding fallow
10%
D. Fallow land
8%
E. Net area sown
43%
2012-13
Source: Pocket Book on Agricultural Statistics, 2015 (Ministry of Agriculture),GOI
1950-
51
2012-
13
chang
e
Net sown 42 43 +1
Forest area 14 21 +7
Not
available
for
agriculture
17 18 +1
Other
uncultivat
ed land
excluding
fallow
17 10 -7
Fallow 10 8 -2
In percent
14. Production & Use of Agricultural Inputs in India
S.No. Programmes Unit 2001 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
1 SEEDS
A. Production of Breeder seeds 000, QTLs 42.69 118.85 123.38 125
B. Production of Foundation seeds Lakh QTLs 5.91 17.53 21.86 22.5
C. Distribution of Certified/ Quality
seeds
Lakh QTLs 86.27 277.34 294.85 300.1
2
CONSUMPTION OF
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS
A.Nitrogen Lakh Tonnes 109.2 165.58 173 168.21
B. Phosphorus Lakh Tonnes 42.15 80.5 79.14 66.53
C.Potassium Lakh Tonnes 15.67 35.14 25.26 20.62
D. Total (N+P+K) Lakh Tonnes 167.02 281.22 277.4 255.36
E. Per hectare Kg 89.63 146.32 144.33 128.34
3
CONSUMPTION OF
PESTICIDES
000, QTLs 43.58 55.54 52.98 56.09
14
Source: Department of Agriculture & Co-operation, New Delhi
Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, 2014(Ministry of Agriculture)
15. Year
Consumption
(Lakh Tonnes)
Production
(Lakh Tonnes)
Import
(Lakh Tonnes)
Value of
Import
( Rs. Crore)N P K Total N P Total N P K Total
1981-82 40.69 13.22 6.73 60.64 31.44 9.49 40.93 10.54 3.43 6.44 20.41 716.62
1985-86 56.61 20.05 8.08 84.74 43.28 14.28 57.56 16.8 8.16 9.03 33.99 1405
1989-90 73.86 30.14 11.68 115.68 67.47 17.96 85.43 5.23 13.11 12.8 31.14 1538.77
1993-94 87.88 26.69 9.09 123.66 72.31 18.16 90.47 15.88 7.22 8.57 31.67 1300.18
1997-98 109 39.14 13.73 161.88 100.9 29.76 130.62 13.62 6.72 11.4 31.74 1296.57
2001-02 113.1 43.82 16.67 173.59 107.7 38.6 146.28 2.59 4.29 17.01 23.99 113.09
2005-06 127.2 52.04 24.13 203.4 113.5 42.21 155.75 13.85 11.21 27.47 52.53 1747.34
2009-10 155.8 72.74 36.32 264.86 119 43.21 162.21 34.47 25.56 29.44 91.47 5754.01
2010-11 165.6 80.5 35.14 281.22 221.6 42.22 263.78 45.64 37.38 38.81 121.8 8348.89
2011-12 173 79.14 25.76 277.91 122.6 41.03 163.61 55.72 42.98 24.98 123.7 15442.02
2012-13 168.2 66.53 20.62 255.36 121.9 35.4 157.34 48.01 27.97 15.59 91.52 15980.22
15
Source: Department of Fertilizers, Ministry of Agriculture
Consumption, Production & Import of Fertilizers in India
16. 16
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Consumption In Million tonnes N
Consumption In Million tonnes P
Consumption In Million tonnes K
Consumption In Million tonnes Total
Linear (Consumption In Million tonnes Total)
Year
Consumption
N P K Total
CAGR
(%)
1981-82 40.69 13.22 6.73 60.64
1985-86 56.61 20.05 8.08 84.74 8.72
1989-90 73.86 30.14 11.68 115.68 8.09
1993-94 87.88 26.69 9.09 123.66 1.68
1997-98 109 39.14 13.73 161.88 6.96
2001-02 113.1 43.82 16.67 173.59 1.76
2005-06 127.2 52.04 24.13 203.4 4.04
2009-10 155.8 72.74 36.32 264.86 6.8
2010-11 165.6 80.5 35.14 281.22 1.51
2011-12 173 79.14 25.76 277.91 -0.3
2012-13 168.2 66.53 20.62 255.36 -2.09
Source: Department of Fertilizers, Ministry of Agriculture
Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, 2014(Ministry of
Agriculture)
Trends in Fertilizer consumption
In million tones
17. Availability of Labour force in Agriculture sector in India
Year
Total
Population
Av. Annual
exponential
growth rate (%)
Rural
Population
Agricultural workers
CAGR
(%)Cultivators
Agril.
Labours
Total
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)=5+6 (8)
1951 361.1 1.25 298.6
69.9
(23.40%)*
27.3
(9.14%)
97.2
1961 439.2 1.96 360.3
99.6
(27.64%)
31.5
(8.74%)
131.1 3.03
1971 548.2 2.2 439
78.2
(17.81%)
47.5
(10.82%)
125.7 -0.42
1981 683.3 2.22 525.6
92.5
(17.59%)
55.5
(10.55%)
148 1.64
1991 846.4 2.16 630.6
110.7
(17.56%)
74.6
(11.83%)
185.3 2.27
2001 1028.7 1.96 742.6
127.3
(17.14%)
106.8
(14.38%)
234.1 2.36
2011 1210.6 1.64 833.5
118.7
(14.24%)
144.3
(17.31%)
263 1.17
17
* - Percent in parentheses represents percent of rural population
Source: Registrar General of India
(In Million)
20. Gross Capital Formation in Agriculture & Allied Sector
Year
GCF in Agricultural & allied sector
Public Private Total CAGR (%)
2004-05
16187
(6.7)
59909
(7.8)
76096
(7.5)
--
2005-06
20739
(7.1)
69204
(7.4)
89943
(7.3)
18.19
2006-07
25606
(7.2)
75496
(6.7)
101102
(6.8)
12.40
2007-08
27638
(6.3)
95679
(6.8)
123317
(6.7)
21.97
2008-09
26692
(5.0)
133655
(9.6)
160347
(8.3)
30.02
2009-10
33201
(5.6)
151325
(9.2)
184526
(8.3)
15.07
2010-11
32073
(4.9)
161513
(7.8)
193586
(7.1)
4.90
2011-12
38514
(5.3)
195756
(8.8)
234270
(8.0)
21.01
2012-13
45511
(5.5)
232328
(9.6)
277839
(8.6) 15.6
20
Figures in parenthesis indicates share in percentage.
Source: Central Statistic Office, New Delhi
(Rs. In Crore)
At current price
21. Performance of SW Monsoon during 1990-2013
Year
No. of
Meteorological
subdivisions with
Excess/ Normal
Rainfall
No. of
Meteorological
subdivisions with
Deficient/ Scanty
Rainfall
% of districts with excess/
Normal Rainfall
Actual Rainfall as % of
Normal Rainfall (All India)
1990 32 3 88 119
1991 27 8 68 91
2001 30 5 68 92
2010 31 5 69 102
2011 33 3 76 101
2012 23 13 58 92
2013 30 6 72 106
21
(1st June – 30th September)
Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Department of Agriculture & Co-operation
28. Stock of Food grains in Central Pool
Years Rice Wheat Coarse Cereals Total
1991 9.63 9.38 0.12 19.13
2001 20.27 25.04 0.03 45.77
2011 25.58 21.54 0.1 47.22
2012 29.72 25.67 0.1 55.49
2013 32.22 34.88 0.09 66.69
2014 14.70 25.08 0.38 43.12
28
( In Million Tonnes,)
(As per Jan 1st)
Source: Department of Food & Public Distribution, Government of India
30. Trends in Agricultural Imports/ Exports and Share
out of Total National Imports/ Exports
30
Source: Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence & Statistics, Ministry of Commerce
31. GDP by Economic activities at current Price
S.No. Sectors 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
1
Agriculture,
Forestry &
Fishing
565.42 637.77 722.98 836.51 943.20 1083.51 1306.94 1466.75 1644.83
2
Industrial
Sector
829.78 953.87 1140.19 1330.27 1500.25 1695.79 2003.30 2233.18 2436.50
3
Service
Sector
1576.25 1798.85 2090.09 2415.29 2860.10 3329.59 3956.72 4654.55 5379.67
4
GDP at
Factor Cost
(1+2+3)
2971.46 3390.50 3953.27 4582.08 5303.56 6108.90 7266.96 8353.49 9481.01
31
(Rs. In 000,Crore)
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation.
32. Percent Growth of GDP at 2004-05 Price
S.No. Sectors 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
1
Agricultural,
Forestry &
Fishing
5.1 4.2 5.8 0.1 0.8 7.9 3.6 1.9
2 Industrial Sector 9.7 12.2 9.7 4.4 9.2 9.2 3.5 2.1
3 Service Sector 10.9 10.1 10.3 10 10.5 9.8 8.2 7.1
4
GDP at Factor
Cost
9.5 9.6 9.3 6.7 8.6 9.3 6.2 5
32
y = -0.219x + 4.6607
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
GrowthRate(%)
Percent growth of GDP at 2004-05 Price
Agricultural, Forestry & Fishing
Industrial Sector
Service Sector
GDP at Factor Cost
Linear (Agricultural, Forestry & Fishing)
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation.
33. Percent share of GDP at factor cost at 2004-05 Price
S.No. Sectors 1950-51 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-122012-13
1
Agricultural,
Forestry & Fishing
51.9 18.3 17.4 16.8 15.8 14.6 14.5 14.1 13.7
2 Industrial Sector 16.2 28 28.7 28.7 28.1 28.3 28.2 27.5 26.7
3 Service Sector 31.9 53.7 54 54.4 56.1 57.1 57.3 58.4 59.6
4
GDP at Factor
Cost
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
33
Agricultural,
Forestry &
Fishing
52%Industrial
Sector
16%
Service Sector
32%
1950-51
Agricultural,
Forestry &
Fishing
14%
Industrial
Sector
27%
Service
Sector
59%
2012-13
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation.
34. Projected Demand & Supply of Food grains for 12th FYP
S . No. Crop/ Group of Crops
Projected Demand
2016-17
Projected Supply
2016-17
Actual production
2013-14*
1 Rice 110 98-106 106.54
2 Wheat 89 93-104 95.91
3 Maize 19 NA 24.35
4 Coarse Cereals 36 42-48 43.05
5 Cereals 235 240-251 245.5
6 Pulse 22 18-21 19.27
7 Food Grains 257 258-272 264.77
8 Oilseed/ Edible Oils 59 33-41 32.87
9 Sugarcane/ Sugar 279 365-441 350.02
34
( Figures in In MT)
Source: Planning Commission (NITI Aayog 1.1.2015), GOI
36. Different Revolutions Related to Agriculture
S. No. Revolutions Areas
1. Blue Revolution Fisheries Production
2. Brown Revolution Leather Production
3. Green Revolution Food grains Production
4. Pink Revolution Shrimp Production
5. Silver Revolution Egg/Poultry Production
6. White Revolution Dairy Development
7. Yellow Revolution Oil Seed Production
8. Golden Fiber Revolution Jute Production
9. Golden Revolution Horticulture Production
10. Grey Revolution Fertilizer / Wool Production
11. Red Revolution Meat & Tomato Production
12. Round Revolution Potato Production
13. Silver Fiber Revolution Cotton Production
14. Evergreen Revolution Over all Agriculture Development
15. Digital Revolution* Information & Communication Technology
36
38. Future Challenges to Agricultural Sector
• Population’s Annual exponential growth rate : 1.25% pa
• Food grain production’s Annual exp. growth rate : -1.51%
38
S. No. Crops Projected Demand
2016-17
Projected Supply
2016-17
01 Rice 110 98-106
02 Pulses 22 18-21
03 Edible oils 59 33-41
1) To increase the
Production of Food
grains
2) To give more emphasis on the production of Paddy, Pulses & Oilseeds
Projected Demand & Supply of Food grains for 12th FYP
Source: Planning Commission (NITI Aayog 1.1.2015),GOI
39. Area, Production and Yield of Principal Crops in various Countries
S.No. Crop
Area
(000,Ha)
Global
Position
in Area
Production
(000, Tonnes)
Productivity
(Kg/Ha)
Productivity followed by
01 Paddy 42500 First 152600 3591
China, Indonesia, Vietnam,
Myanmar, USA, Egypt, Srilanka
02 Wheat 29900 First 94880 3173
China, France, Germany, Egypt,
UK
03 Maize 8400 Sixth 21060 2507
USA, China, Brazil, Mexico,
Indonesia, France, Germany, Egypt
04 Sugarcane 5090 Second 347870 68344
Brazil, China, Columbia, Egypt,
Peru, Mauritius
05 Groundnut 4900 First 5779 1179 USA, China, Argentina, Vietnam
39
Source: FAO, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok.
3) To increase the productivity of principal crops
Average size of land holding is declining
No of operational holding increasing
4) Promote cooperative farming
40. 40
India incurs post harvest losses of worth Rs. 2 trillions of fruits and vegetable wastage
annually. (Economic Times, Sept.1,2014)
Value addition in food in India is only seven percent as against 23% in China, 45% in
Philippines and 168% in U.K. ( Agricultural Marketing in India- Acharya & Agarwal)
5) To minimize loss - strengthen the Agro- processing & Cold storage.
Japan has rejected more than ten consignments of Shrimps exported from India
( August, 2012)
USA had rejected Indian Mango Consignments in past- Stone weevil
Russia has warned of stringent action, including a ban on import of potatoes from India, due
to violation of their quality norms. (June 17, 2014 – Business Standard )
England has rejected Alphanso mangoes from India on inferior quality ground. (June, 2014)
6) Production of quality food on par with international standards
7) Increasing competition from new players in global market,
By the end of this century, global earth temperature is likely to increase by1.8º to 4.0°C.
- IPCC
8) Climate change
41. 41
10) Consumer demands for food with particular attributes ( organic, eco-friendly, hygienic)
11) Promoting sustainable challenges.
12) Maintenance of ecological balance,
13) Soil and water conservation and conservation of biodiversity,
9)Diminishing availability of natural resources for agricultural production,
16) Development of Ethically sound GM crops.
Years
1950-
51
1960-
61
1970-
71
1990-
91
2000-
01
2010-
11
2011-
12
2012-
13
Gross Cropped
Area
131.89 152.77 165.79 185.74 185.34 198.97 195.63 194.40
CAGR (%) -- 1.48 0.82 0.73 -0.02 0.71 -1.67 -0.63
Trends in Gross Cropped Area
14) Natural resources degradation, & increasing biotic and abiotic pressures
15) Declining input use efficiency and decreasing profitability in farming
42. Agricultural Projections for India 2020
Commodity 2020 (mn.tonnes)
Food grains 225
Edible Oil 19
Sugar 42
Potato 40
Fruits and Vegetables 176
Milk 128
Meat 6
Eggs 5
Fish 14
42
The Future of Indian Agriculture
Yoginder K. Alagh
Chairman
Institute of Rural Management, Anand
43. • Cooperative farming
• Switching from Subsistence farming to Commercialized farming
• Practices of intensive Cropping
• Intensive use of quality agricultural inputs,
• Improved Capital formation in agriculture
• Promotion of FDI in agricultural sector,
• Re-structuring of Quality Standards on par with global standards,
• Use of Information Technologies in agriculture sector,
• Bio- risk Management
• Following IPM, INM and Conservation agriculture
• Conducting ethically sound research in agriculture
• Integrated Farming System
43
Suggestions to overcome future Challenges
44. Conclusion
Albeit various factors affecting agriculture (Gross cropped area, input usage, credit
availability etc) have registered a smooth growth as compared to the past and they
have resulted in growth in agricultural production and productivity but the average
annual rate of growth is declining.
There is overall increasing trend in all the factors except the monsoon, which has
shown declining trend.
The performance of agricultural sector is not so good as its contribution to national
GDP as well as total national export is declining.
The performance of agricultural sector is the issue to be circumspect and to workout
the new plan to enhance it.
Though the challenges to the agricultural sectors are many, but they can be
overcome and resolved by developing appropriate strategy and implementing them.
44
45. References
45
1. Agricultural Statistics at a glance - 2014, Ministry of Agriculture,
Government of India
2. Agricultural Marketing in India - S.S. Acharya & N.L. Agarwal
3. Pocket Book on Agricultural Statistics – 2015, Ministry of Agriculture,
Government of India
4. Yojna, June 2016
5. State of Indian Agriculture, 2014, Ministry of Agriculture, Government
of India
6. The Future of Indian Agriculture - Yoginder K. Alagh Chairman
Institute of Rural Management, Anand
7. A competitive Book of Agriculture, Nem Raj Sunda
8. www.imd.gov.in
9. www.indiastat.com
10. niti.gov.in
