The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the growth and development of the cranial vault and base. It begins with the anatomy and functions, then covers prenatal and postnatal growth. Prenatally, the cranial vault develops through intramembranous ossification, while the cranial base develops through endochondral ossification from cartilaginous precursors. Multiple sutures and fontanelles are present at birth that gradually close during postnatal growth through remodeling and sutural growth.
Growth and development nasomaxillary complex ppt/certified fixed orthodontic ...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth and development of mandible /certified fixed orthodontic courses by ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The document discusses several theories of craniofacial growth including remodeling theory, genetic theory, sutural theory, nasal septum theory, and the functional matrix hypothesis. It provides details on the key concepts and inconsistencies of each theory. The remodeling theory proposed that growth occurs through bone deposition and resorption at surfaces. The sutural theory emphasized the role of sutures and cartilage in driving growth. The nasal septum theory proposed the nasal septum cartilage pushes the midface forward during growth. The functional matrix hypothesis views the skull as comprising functional units that drive skeletal growth.
Basic mechanism of craniofacial growth /certified fixed orthodontic courses b...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses growth rotations of the maxilla and mandible. It defines various types of rotations that can occur, including forward and backward rotations. Forward rotation of the mandible is classified into three types (A, B, C) based on the center of rotation. Implant radiography techniques are used to measure and classify rotations by observing changes in implant positioning over time. Rotations influence tooth eruption and the ultimate positioning of teeth, which impacts orthodontic treatment planning.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the growth and development of the cranial vault and base. It begins with the anatomy and functions, then covers prenatal and postnatal growth. Prenatally, the cranial vault develops through intramembranous ossification, while the cranial base develops through endochondral ossification from cartilaginous precursors. Multiple sutures and fontanelles are present at birth that gradually close during postnatal growth through remodeling and sutural growth.
Growth and development nasomaxillary complex ppt/certified fixed orthodontic ...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth and development of mandible /certified fixed orthodontic courses by ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The document discusses several theories of craniofacial growth including remodeling theory, genetic theory, sutural theory, nasal septum theory, and the functional matrix hypothesis. It provides details on the key concepts and inconsistencies of each theory. The remodeling theory proposed that growth occurs through bone deposition and resorption at surfaces. The sutural theory emphasized the role of sutures and cartilage in driving growth. The nasal septum theory proposed the nasal septum cartilage pushes the midface forward during growth. The functional matrix hypothesis views the skull as comprising functional units that drive skeletal growth.
Basic mechanism of craniofacial growth /certified fixed orthodontic courses b...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses growth rotations of the maxilla and mandible. It defines various types of rotations that can occur, including forward and backward rotations. Forward rotation of the mandible is classified into three types (A, B, C) based on the center of rotation. Implant radiography techniques are used to measure and classify rotations by observing changes in implant positioning over time. Rotations influence tooth eruption and the ultimate positioning of teeth, which impacts orthodontic treatment planning.
Growth and development of temporo mandibular joint / invisible alignersIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth &development of cranial vault & base /fixed orthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Growth modification of different types of malocclusionbilal falahi
This document discusses different types of growth modification appliances used to treat malocclusions. It begins by explaining that growth modification uses remaining growth potential to alter jaw size and positioning. Key appliances discussed include the Andresen activator, twin block, and various types of headgear. Factors like timing of treatment, force magnitude, and duration of force application are reviewed. Both passive and active functional appliances are indicated, with considerations for skeletal, dental, and vertical discrepancies.
1) The document discusses smile esthetics in orthodontics, including the anatomy of the smile, ideal smile characteristics, smile classifications, and considerations for macroesthetics, miniesthetics, and microesthetics in treatment.
2) It describes the key components of the smile, including the lips, teeth, gingiva, and their proportions. Ideal smile characteristics include the smile arc, tooth width-height ratios, spacing, gingival levels, and lip fullness.
3) Smiles are classified based on the involved muscles and tooth display, including posed/social, unposed/enjoyment, and specific patterns involving the commissures or cuspids. Treatment must consider the patient's
The document discusses the development of the mandible from early gestation through adulthood. It begins with the formation of pharyngeal arches in the embryo and the development of Meckel's cartilage as the primary cartilage. Intramembranous and endochondral ossification then form the mandibular bone, guided by secondary cartilages like the condylar and coronoid cartilages. Postnatally, the mandible grows through remodeling and positional changes driven by functional needs. Several theories of mandibular growth are also summarized.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1. The document discusses several theories of craniofacial growth including the bone remodeling theory, genetic theory, sutural dominance theory, cartilaginous theory, and functional matrix hypothesis.
2. The functional matrix hypothesis proposed by Melvin Moss claims that craniofacial growth is mediated by functional demands and neurotrophic control, rather than by structures like periosteum or cartilage. It involves microskeletal and macroskeletal growth units associated with functional matrices.
3. The document also discusses theories related to specific structures, such as nasal septal cartilage theory proposed by James Scott, which claims the nasal septum is the primary driver of maxillary growth. However, many theories of craniofacial growth
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Splints in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
1. There are several methods to assess skeletal maturity including hand-wrist radiographs, cervical vertebrae shape assessment, and tooth development stages.
2. Hand-wrist radiographs can be assessed using the Greulich-Pyle atlas method or the Bjork, Grave, and Brown method which divides skeletal development into 9 stages.
3. Cervical vertebrae shape changes through 6 stages of maturation and can indicate how much growth remains.
4. Tooth development through 8 stages of calcification as shown in the Demirjian Index also corresponds to skeletal maturity.
The document discusses the development of the maxilla from prenatal to postnatal stages. Prenatally, the maxilla develops through intramembranous ossification beginning around the 8th week. The palate forms from the fusion of two palatal shelves. Postnatally, the maxilla grows through translation (displacement) and transposition (remodeling of surfaces), with various theories proposed to explain its downward and forward growth. The midpalatal suture mediates widening of the palate between 1-2 years of age through growth.
This document discusses various methods for predicting facial growth, including cephalometric methods like Moorrees mesh, Johnston's transformation grid, and Rickett's arcial growth prediction of the mandible. Non-cephalometric methods discussed include logarithmic spiral, Hirschfield and Moyers, and Todd's equation. The need for growth prediction in orthodontic treatment planning and challenges with accuracy are also addressed. The conclusion is that while various methods have been proposed, growth prediction is most reasonable for "average growers" but not "abnormal growers," and an orthodontist's experience is an important additional factor.
Skeletal maturity is assessed through examination of ossification centers in bones like the hand and wrist. The Greulich and Pyle atlas and Bjork method involve comparing radiographs to standardized images to determine skeletal age. Singer's method stages skeletal maturity based on characteristics like the width of epiphyses compared to diaphyses and appearance of sesamoid bones. Assessing skeletal maturity is important for orthodontic treatment planning by indicating remaining growth potential.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses growth spurts and their significance in orthodontics. It begins by defining growth and development, and describing the major developmental growth periods. It then discusses methods for studying growth, including longitudinal, cross-sectional, and semi-longitudinal studies. Key factors that influence growth and maturation are genetic, hormonal, nutritional, environmental and socioeconomic factors. The document explores concepts of growth including normality, growth rhythms, differential growth, and growth spurts. It concludes by noting the significance of growth spurts is important for orthodontic treatment planning.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses various techniques for superimposing cephalometric radiographs to assess dentofacial changes over time. It describes methods for evaluating overall facial changes, as well as changes specific to the maxilla, mandible, and individual teeth. Stable reference structures are identified for different regions. Ricketts' Eleven Factor Analysis and Four Position Analysis are also introduced as methods to differentiate skeletal growth changes from those resulting from orthodontic treatment.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses theories of bone growth and development. It explains that bone growth involves deposition of new bone on one surface and resorption on the other surface. This results in cortical drift, where the bone cortex relocates due to modeling on opposing surfaces. As bones enlarge, they also undergo displacement, moving away from articulating structures. The maxilla and mandible each have characteristic growth trajectories as they develop. Overall, bone growth is a complex process involving deposition, resorption, remodeling, and movement of bones.
Growth and Development of Craniofacial Structure, Dentition and OcclusionHermie Culeen Flores
The document discusses growth and development of craniofacial structures, dentition, and occlusion. It covers:
- Mechanisms of bone growth including endochondral and intramembranous formation.
- Hypotheses of craniofacial growth including genetic and functional theories.
- Development of specific craniofacial regions like the cranial vault, basicranium, and nasomaxillary complex.
- Eruption sequences and development of the primary and permanent dentitions from prenatal to postnatal stages.
- Characteristics and phases of the mixed and permanent dentitions.
- Static and dynamic aspects of occlusion and types of occlusion like ideal, normal, and functional.
Growth and development of temporo mandibular joint / invisible alignersIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth &development of cranial vault & base /fixed orthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Growth modification of different types of malocclusionbilal falahi
This document discusses different types of growth modification appliances used to treat malocclusions. It begins by explaining that growth modification uses remaining growth potential to alter jaw size and positioning. Key appliances discussed include the Andresen activator, twin block, and various types of headgear. Factors like timing of treatment, force magnitude, and duration of force application are reviewed. Both passive and active functional appliances are indicated, with considerations for skeletal, dental, and vertical discrepancies.
1) The document discusses smile esthetics in orthodontics, including the anatomy of the smile, ideal smile characteristics, smile classifications, and considerations for macroesthetics, miniesthetics, and microesthetics in treatment.
2) It describes the key components of the smile, including the lips, teeth, gingiva, and their proportions. Ideal smile characteristics include the smile arc, tooth width-height ratios, spacing, gingival levels, and lip fullness.
3) Smiles are classified based on the involved muscles and tooth display, including posed/social, unposed/enjoyment, and specific patterns involving the commissures or cuspids. Treatment must consider the patient's
The document discusses the development of the mandible from early gestation through adulthood. It begins with the formation of pharyngeal arches in the embryo and the development of Meckel's cartilage as the primary cartilage. Intramembranous and endochondral ossification then form the mandibular bone, guided by secondary cartilages like the condylar and coronoid cartilages. Postnatally, the mandible grows through remodeling and positional changes driven by functional needs. Several theories of mandibular growth are also summarized.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1. The document discusses several theories of craniofacial growth including the bone remodeling theory, genetic theory, sutural dominance theory, cartilaginous theory, and functional matrix hypothesis.
2. The functional matrix hypothesis proposed by Melvin Moss claims that craniofacial growth is mediated by functional demands and neurotrophic control, rather than by structures like periosteum or cartilage. It involves microskeletal and macroskeletal growth units associated with functional matrices.
3. The document also discusses theories related to specific structures, such as nasal septal cartilage theory proposed by James Scott, which claims the nasal septum is the primary driver of maxillary growth. However, many theories of craniofacial growth
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Splints in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
1. There are several methods to assess skeletal maturity including hand-wrist radiographs, cervical vertebrae shape assessment, and tooth development stages.
2. Hand-wrist radiographs can be assessed using the Greulich-Pyle atlas method or the Bjork, Grave, and Brown method which divides skeletal development into 9 stages.
3. Cervical vertebrae shape changes through 6 stages of maturation and can indicate how much growth remains.
4. Tooth development through 8 stages of calcification as shown in the Demirjian Index also corresponds to skeletal maturity.
The document discusses the development of the maxilla from prenatal to postnatal stages. Prenatally, the maxilla develops through intramembranous ossification beginning around the 8th week. The palate forms from the fusion of two palatal shelves. Postnatally, the maxilla grows through translation (displacement) and transposition (remodeling of surfaces), with various theories proposed to explain its downward and forward growth. The midpalatal suture mediates widening of the palate between 1-2 years of age through growth.
This document discusses various methods for predicting facial growth, including cephalometric methods like Moorrees mesh, Johnston's transformation grid, and Rickett's arcial growth prediction of the mandible. Non-cephalometric methods discussed include logarithmic spiral, Hirschfield and Moyers, and Todd's equation. The need for growth prediction in orthodontic treatment planning and challenges with accuracy are also addressed. The conclusion is that while various methods have been proposed, growth prediction is most reasonable for "average growers" but not "abnormal growers," and an orthodontist's experience is an important additional factor.
Skeletal maturity is assessed through examination of ossification centers in bones like the hand and wrist. The Greulich and Pyle atlas and Bjork method involve comparing radiographs to standardized images to determine skeletal age. Singer's method stages skeletal maturity based on characteristics like the width of epiphyses compared to diaphyses and appearance of sesamoid bones. Assessing skeletal maturity is important for orthodontic treatment planning by indicating remaining growth potential.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses growth spurts and their significance in orthodontics. It begins by defining growth and development, and describing the major developmental growth periods. It then discusses methods for studying growth, including longitudinal, cross-sectional, and semi-longitudinal studies. Key factors that influence growth and maturation are genetic, hormonal, nutritional, environmental and socioeconomic factors. The document explores concepts of growth including normality, growth rhythms, differential growth, and growth spurts. It concludes by noting the significance of growth spurts is important for orthodontic treatment planning.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses various techniques for superimposing cephalometric radiographs to assess dentofacial changes over time. It describes methods for evaluating overall facial changes, as well as changes specific to the maxilla, mandible, and individual teeth. Stable reference structures are identified for different regions. Ricketts' Eleven Factor Analysis and Four Position Analysis are also introduced as methods to differentiate skeletal growth changes from those resulting from orthodontic treatment.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses theories of bone growth and development. It explains that bone growth involves deposition of new bone on one surface and resorption on the other surface. This results in cortical drift, where the bone cortex relocates due to modeling on opposing surfaces. As bones enlarge, they also undergo displacement, moving away from articulating structures. The maxilla and mandible each have characteristic growth trajectories as they develop. Overall, bone growth is a complex process involving deposition, resorption, remodeling, and movement of bones.
Growth and Development of Craniofacial Structure, Dentition and OcclusionHermie Culeen Flores
The document discusses growth and development of craniofacial structures, dentition, and occlusion. It covers:
- Mechanisms of bone growth including endochondral and intramembranous formation.
- Hypotheses of craniofacial growth including genetic and functional theories.
- Development of specific craniofacial regions like the cranial vault, basicranium, and nasomaxillary complex.
- Eruption sequences and development of the primary and permanent dentitions from prenatal to postnatal stages.
- Characteristics and phases of the mixed and permanent dentitions.
- Static and dynamic aspects of occlusion and types of occlusion like ideal, normal, and functional.
Role of hormones n vitamins in craniofacial growth n develpomentIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Nutritional deficiencies and dentofacial growth /certified fixed orthodontic ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Growth and development /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Mandible growth pre natal & post natal / /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Paraxial and intermediate mesoderm form important structures. Paraxial mesoderm forms somites through a "clock and wave" mechanism, with each somite giving rise to vertebrae, muscle, and dermis. Somites are specified by surrounding tissues to develop appropriately. Intermediate mesoderm forms the kidney, with the pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros appearing sequentially in vertebrate development. The metanephros becomes the permanent kidney in amniotes.
Role of vitamins in orthodontics final /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Cybernetic theory of craniofacial growth /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Theories of craniofacial growth in the postgenomic era123 /certified fixed or...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Growth & development /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Theories of growth /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Growth & development /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Copy of growth and development of the mandible1/certified fixed orthodontic c...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth and development of maxilla and mandible/endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth is a complex process and is not supported by a single theory but is based to a large extent on evolving concepts concerning the biological mechanisms of craniofacial development
According to J.S. HUXLEY:
“The self multiplication of living substance”
*According to KROGMAN:
Increase in size, change in proportion, and progressive complexity”
*According to TODD:
“An increase in size
Acoording to MERIDITH”
“Entire series of sequential anatomic and physiological changes taking place from the beginning of prenatal life to selenity”
*According to MOYERS:
“Quantitative aspect of biologic development per unit of time”
*According to MOSS:
“Change in any morphological parameter which is measurable”
According to TODD:
“ Development is progress towards maturity”
According to MOYERS:
“ All the naturally occurring unidirectional changes in the life of an individual from its existence as a single cell to its elaboration as a multifunctional unit terminating into death”
Growth is basically an anatomic phenomenon and is quantitative in nature.
Development is basically a physiologic phenomenon and is qualitative in nature.
It can be co-related as:
DEVELOPMENT= GROWTH + DIFFERENTIATION+ TRANSLOACTION
PATTERN: it reflects proportionality, i.e. physical arrangement of the body at any one time is a pattern of spatially proportioned parts.
# arrangement of parts, values, events, or relations among measurements.
* Growth trends
* Cephalocaudal gradient
VARIABILITY: Is the law of nature.
* Normality
* Differential growth
TIMING: Is variable and is concerned with rate and division of growth.
* Growth spurts
It is an axis of increased growth extending from the head towards the feet
A comparison of body proportion between prenatal and post- natal life reveals that postnatal growth of regions of the body that are away from the hypophysis is more.
Normal refers to that which is usually expected, or is ordinarily seen, or is typical.
Normal: range & ideal: fixed value
On comparison with normal, a variable can be measured.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS:
* Diagnosis of gross variations from central tendency of pathological condition or gross abnormal pattern of growth.
Not all the tissue systems in the body grow at the same rate, i.e. different tissues and in term different organs grow at different rates. This process is called differential growth.
Just before the birth
One year after the birth
Mixed dentition growth spurt:
BOYS: 8-11 years
GIRLS: 7-9 years
Pre-pubertal growth spurt:
BOYS: 14-16 years
GIRLS: 11-13 years
Pubertal growth spurt:
BOYS: till 25 years
GIRLS: 18-20 years
Growth spurts are an excellent indicator for the timing of orthodontic treatment.
Correlation of :
* Skeletal age
* Dental age
* Chronological age
with onset of puberty.
Pubertal increments offers the best time for determining the predictability, growth direction, patient management and total treatment t
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Description :
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This document discusses human growth and development. It begins with a brief history of the study of growth, then defines key terminology like growth, development, differentiation and maturation. It describes the typical cephalocaudal growth pattern from head to feet as well as concepts of variability in growth and developmental age versus chronological age. The document outlines several methods for studying physical growth, from craniometry and anthropometry to radiography and 3D imaging. It discusses factors that can affect growth and growth spurts during development.
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This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
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Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
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4. Every pedodontist should keep in mind that
the patient on whom he works are in the state
of growth and development , which is a
dynamic and continuously changing process.
He almost never find a static picture in
pediatric patient. So a thorough understanding
of complex craniofacial growth is of great
importance for pedodontist Understanding of
developing craniofacial skeleton represents,
sum of growth of its separate parts in which
growth is highly differentiated and occurs in
different rates ,dimension and time.So keeping
all these in mind we start with seminar topic
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5.
Growth and development
can be seen in three aspects
a)
b)
c)
change in dimension
change in proportion
maturation
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6. DEFINATION OF GROWTH
STEWERT(1982)
: growth is increase in
mass physical size of cell ,tissues ,
organ ,or organisms as a whole
PROFIT (1986): growth refers to
increase in size or number
MOYERS (1988) : growth is normal
change in the amount of living substance
PINKHAM(1994) :growth is increase
expansion or extension of any given
tissue
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7. DEFINATION OF
DEVELOPMENT
TODD(1931)
:development is increase in
complexity
LOWREY(1951) :development indicates
increase in skill and complexity of
function
MOYER(1988) :development is the
unidirectional change in the life of an
individual from its existence as a single
cell to terminating in depth .
PINKHAM(1994) :development addreses
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the progressive evolution of a tissue
8. DIFFERENTIATION
:The change from a
generalized cell to one that is more specialized .it
is change in quality and kind .
As we see that many of times
growth and development are used synonymously,
but they are not. In simple words,
* Growth is increase in size or number of
things .It is numerical .can be easily measured
with a specified scale. Ex. Height , weight of
persons.
*development is increase in skill and
complexity of fuction.
But, practically growth and development are
inseparable entities and are simultaneous on
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10. GENETIC GROWTH
(Brodie)
It
says, growth is cantrolled by
genetic influence in all aspect. But it
cannot be accepted in all cases. As it
has been shown that the external
factor have significant modifying
effect on growth
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11. SUTURAL THEORY
(sicher)
It
says that the proliferation of sutural
mesanchyme causes apposition of bone . It is
seen in membranous bone.
Limitation :- lack of growth of suture if it is
transplanted .
gowth occurs in cleft lip and cleft palate
pts.even if suture not present
Suture also respond to external influence
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12. CARTILAGENOUS THEORY
(James Scott) :
It
says that cartilage acts as primary
growth center and has a innate growth
potential
Ex ;
condylar cartilage for mandible
Nasal cartilage for maxilla
(nasomaxillary complex)
If it is transplanted it grows
independently
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13. FUNCTIONAL MATRIX THEORY
(Melvin Moss –1968)
It says that body has two element
a) skeletal element
b) functional matrix
functional matrix comprised of
1)periosteal camponent
2)capsural camponent
(neuro cranial),(orofacial)
functional matrix has primary control on
growth of skeletal unit and bone respond in
passive manner
but it can not explain all aspects of
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growth
14. MULTY FACTORIAL THEORY
(Van Limborgh)
It says bone growth is controlled by
a) intrinsic genetic factor
b) local epigenetic factor (nerves, brain )
– C)general epigenetic factor (harmones,
secondary messengers )
– d) local environmental factor (habit,
muscular force )
– e) general environmental factor ( oxygen,
nitrogen)
It is most satisfactory theory that explains
all aspect
It says growth is polygenic and
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multifactoral
15. NEUROTROPISM
(recent theory )
It
includes epithelial , visceral , muscular
component for these component nerve
impulses which are transmitted has
growth potential for bone .It also has
indirect effect by influencing soft tissue
growth
but by experiments it has proved that
neurotropism has negligible effec
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16. PETROVICS HYPOTHESIS
It says that the interaction of serves
of casual changes and feedback
mechanism which determines
craniofacial growth
ie brain---- cranium.
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18. ENLOWS EXPANDING “V”
PRINCPLE
It says that most of craniofacial bones
especially intramembranous have v
shape eg:maxilla , mandible , palate
,nasal etc.
And
growth movement occurs
towards wide end of V deposition of
bone is seen in inner side and
resorption is seen in outer surface.
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19. ENLOWS COUNTERPART
PRINCIPLE
It explains that, growth of one bone has
influence on its adjuvant bone which is
called counter part, and this controls the
growth and proportional relationship
with its counterpart.
E.g.:
nasomaxillary complex—cranialfossa
Maxilla ----------mandible
Tuberosity areas of upper/lower jaw
Pharyngeal space -------- middle
cranial fossa
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21. characteristic properties
of growth
concept of normality
growth states are always
accessed in normality value ie. in range
but can not be explained as ideal with a
definite value
Normality differs from age to age
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22.
Different growth :
Different organs grow at
different rate , different amount, and
different time .
It can be best explained by
SCAMMONS GROWTH CURVE
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23.
CEPHALOCUADAL GRADIENT
OF GROWTH
Axis of growth increases
extending from head to feet
ie. 3 months intra uterine life head size--50%, birth head size---30%, adult head
size---12% of whole body
Cranial
growth 70% completed at birth
to 1st year
limbs 3month IUL-1% by birth-50% of
body
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24. GROWTH SPURTS
In spite growth is continuous process
there occurs a period when a sudden
acceleration of growth occurs called
growth spurts .
It is due to physiological alteration in
hormonal secretion
They differ in boys and girls
This period is good for functional and orthodont
appliance use
Surgical correction involving jaws should
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carried out after cessation of growth spurts .
25.
Timings of growth spurts
A)just
before birth
B)one year after birth
C) mixed dentition
growth spurts ….girl—7-9yrs
boys- 8-11yrs
c) pre pubertal
– growth spurt ……girls ----11-13 yrs
boys -----14-16yrs
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26. METHODS OF STUDING
GROWTH
a)measurement
approach
bimanual test height and weight
b) experiment al approach :
vital staining- alzirine blue
alzirine red
lead acetate
Rdioisotopes-------- te 33 ,ca*45 ,
k*32 injected in bone
c)Implants
d)radiographs
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27. Mechanism of bone
development
1)endochondral bone
2)intramemebranes
endochondral
bone this type of bone is
proceded by formation of cartilaginous
model
intramembranes bone – bone is directly
laiddown in fibrous membrane
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28. prenatal growth
{day1 to 266 day}
It
is divided into 3 periods
1)
period of ovum (ferti. to 14th day)
2)period of embryo (14th day to 56th
day)
3)period
of fetous(56th day to birth)
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29. period
of ovum(fertilization to 14th day)
In
this period oocyte get fertilized with
spermatozoa to form zygote which is a diploid
cell. After this process cell division starts within
24 to36 hours. Cleavage continues to form ,
2,4,8,cells. In 8th cell stage process of compaction
occurs to get 1st embryo shape. 16th cell stage
called morual . Next stage called blastula which is
150 cells stage. It is of 1.5mm in length and 3 to 5
days old it has inner cell mass which forms fetus
& outer cell mass which forms yolk sack. On 5th
day blastocyte starts penetrating endometrium &
at 14th day it get implanted it self into uterine wall.
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34. Period of embryo
th
(14 day to 56th day)
It
is the period where major development of
organ specifically craniofacial structure occur.
on 17th day process of gastrulation occurs to
form different germ layers. Ectoderm above
notochord thickens to form neural plate which
forms nervous system . On 21st day embryo is of
3mm now primordial of brain eye are seen in
prosenceophalon. On 3rd day otic &optic
plocodes are seen. In the same period most
inferior part of prosencephalon starts growing to
from front nasal process which overhangs
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future oral cavity which is wide & shallow.
35. P
rimitive pit and
neurenteric canal
Amnion
Wallo!
yolk sac
Cloacal plate
(membrane)
A
Not ochordal plat e
c
E
ndoderm
Int raembry onic mes oderm
Ex t raembry onic
mes oderm
E
Notochord
- ,u :1 I "e+r ~ t;n a for ,
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37. on 3-4week oral groove starts deepening.
Same time bud for max and man process
show their presence lat to oral groove.
Deepened oral cavity is now called
stomodium and is separated by hind gut
with a membranes formed by endoderm
and ectoderm called buccopharyngeal
membranes . on 4th week the embryo is
5mm . Now frontal elevation shows some
ectodermal proliferation which form future
nasal placode and olfactory epithelium
optic placodes which are formed are
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placed very widely apart
40. Front
nasal process show more growth
mesially than laterally which forms medial
nasal process. As medial nasal process
grows faster, in future it unites with
maxillary process to form part of upper lip
specifically along line of philtrum . lateral
nasal process mainly contribute formation
of columella .on 5th week caudal to
frontonasal and maxillary process brachial
arches show their development they are
totally six with 5th one turning to be
rudimentary. 2nd brachial arch develop faster
than other and covers other brachial arches
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42. ;
Pharyngeal pouch
Endoderma! epithelium
Nerve
1 st pharyngeal
arch
Cartilage
cleft
Ectodermal
epithelium.
2nd arch with ner ve,
artery, and
c<1rtllage
Mesenchymal tissue in
4th arch
A
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43. Auditory tube
Primitive
tympanic
cavity
Ventral side of
phary nx
External
auditory
meatus
- Foramen cecum
f
,
f
I
f
!
I
f
Palatine tonsil
,
I
,
'¥
Superior parathy roid gland
(f rom 4th pouch)
Thy roid gland
Inf erior parathy roid gland
(f rom 3rd pouch)
Ultimobranchial body
Foregut
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46. same
time between and around primordial
of brian and eye Mesenchymal
condensation appears which gives a shape
of skull. Mesenchyma of brachial arch also
appears by 5th week. 1st brachial grows faster
to become distant .In 6th week mandibular
arch show accentuated growth to divide in
maxillary and mandibular process both
process grows medially . medial nasal
process from above also grows downwards
and towards midline as a result by the 7th
week fusion between maxillary and
frontonasal process occurs and this time
embryo is 14.5mm in length
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50. Now
eye starts migrating towards midline
Mesenchymal of cranial and brachial arch
differentiates into cartilage (CHONDRIFICATION)
cartilage in the base of skull thins to join
with nasal and optic capsules. same time centers
for endochondral ossification appears in the
cartilage of base of skull, also Mesenchymal
condensation in intramembranous bone is seen.
At 8th week nasal septum further narrows to
become a prominent structure ,also external ear
starts its development. nasal pit breaks down to
form nostrils. Demarcation seen between lateral
nasal and maxillary to form nasolacrimal groove
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53. primary
palat starts its development at 8 th
week .so till this time their occurs a direct
communication between oral and nasal
cavity . lidless eyes increase their
movement towards midline .both lateral
halves of mandibular process fuse by 8 th
week. at this time embryo is 18mm in
length .
Rough head and face shape is almost
completed by 8th week . By end of 8th week
embryo increases in length almost by 4
times to that of 7th week
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55.
main structures formed in the embryonic period are
neural plate -2
buccopharyngeal membrane -2
mandibular arch –3
hypoglossal muscle—5
median and lateral nasal process-5
lens of eye-5, retina—5
external carotid artery-6
middle ear-6
larynx -6
maxillary process -6
external ear -7
nasal septum-8
palatal shelves-8 www.indiandentalacademy.com
*IN WEEKS OF IUL
56. FETAL PERIOD
(56days--9 months )
Eye
lid formation occurs .eyes get
close . nostrils are formed.
This period shows accelerated rate
of craniofacial growth resulting in an
increase size and proportion In 8th to
12 weeks fetus increases in length by
22—60mm .
mandible increases in size and
anteroposterior relationship of both
jaws develop as it is seen at birth
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57.
Development of tongue
Appears
in embryo at 4th week of IUL . in the
form of two lateral swellings and one median
swelling that is tubercular impar .all are from 1 st
pharyngeal arch
Another median swelling copula (hypobranchial
eminance) from 2,3 and 4th arch .posterior part
of 4th arch gives rise to epiglottis
Two lateral swellings grows medially and
anteriorly and overgrows on TI . both half
meet each other to form anterior two third of
tongue
Muscles of tongue develop from occipital
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myotomes
60. Thyroid
gland :
Thyroid
appears as epithelial
proliferation of in the floor of tongue
between TI and HE
Then it descends in front of pharyngeal
gut and forms bilobed diverticulum's
which forms two lobes
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61. GROWTH OF CRANIAL BASE
As
we have seen that by 4th to 8th week of IUL
evidence of cranial base formation is seen .the
Mesenchymal form is derived from primitive
streak of neural crest and occipital
schlerotomes.
condensed mesanchyma forms capsule around
brain called ectomenix basal portion of this
capsule gives rise future cranial base. The
process by which ectomeningeal capsule get
convert into cartilage is called chondrification .
it mainly occurs in 4 regions
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62. Para chordal—around cranial end of
notochord
Hypophyseal—it occurs in 4 centers
post sphenoid—body of
sphenoid
pre sphenoid –body of sphenoid
mesethmoid---plate of ethmoid
cristagalli
Nasal-nostril
Otic-mastoid
orbito sphenoid---lesser wing
ali sphenoid – greater wing
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63. OCCIPITAL BONE
It ossifies both endochondrally and
intramembranously. It has 2 intra membranous
centers and 5 endochondral centers
•
supra nuchal sq. part – one pair ---8th
week
•
infra nuchal sq.part --1 pair -------10th
week
•
basilar part –single median center -11thweek
•
foramen magnum occipital condyle ---1
pair –12th week
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64.
TEMPORAL BONE
It has 11 centers of ossification
Sq, part –1 center (IM)—8TH week
Tympanic ring 4 centers (IM)------12th
week
Petrous temporal bone ---4 centers
(EC)-----5th month
Styloid 2 centers (EC) 5th month
ETHMOID
BONE
Its an endochondral bone with 3 centers
Median floor of anterior cranial
fossa –1 centers
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Nasal capsule 2 lateral centers
65. SPHENOID
BONE
It has 15 centers of ossification
Lesser wing –2 orbito sphenoidal cartilage
Greater wing ,lateral pterygoid plate2(IM)1alisphenoid
Median pterygoid plate -2 secondary
cartilage of hamular process
Anterior part of body of sphenoid- 5 (EC)
Posterior part body of sphenoid - 4 (EC)
Cranial base chndrocraniam is relatively
stable during growth compared to cranial vault
and face so cranial base is taken as bases
against which cranial vault and facial skeleton
can be compared in cephalometric studies
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66. FLEXURE
OF CRANIAL BASE
In early fetal period cranial base becomes flexed
in the region between pituitary fossa and
sphenooccipital junction this is accompanied by
developing brain stem so that spinal chord and
foramen magnum directed downwards from their
initial position of backwards this adaptation only
seen in human beings
It increases neurocranial capacity
It facilitates predominant downward growth of
face
At 10th week of intrauterine life flexure angle is 65
degrees with then flattens. anterior and posterior
part of cranial base grows at different rates that is
between 10th to 40th week anterior cranial base
increase in width bywww.indiandentalacademy.com
7 times but posterior increase
by 5 times
67. Development
of palate
Main part of palate arise from maxillary
process & small premaxilla is formed by
deeper part of medial nasal process.
initially medial nasal process gives rise to
small triangular projection which forms
futer premaxilla .then from maxillary
process lateral segments arise which are
placed vertically. In this period mandible
is small & already formed tongue is
pushed upwards in nasal cavity so
lateral segments of maxillary process
grow vertically .
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68. Nasal
septum from above starts growing
downwards & backwards by 7th week of IUL .
Mandible shows accelerated growth so tongue
falls back & transformation of position of
palatal selves occurs from vertical to horizontal
this transformation takes place within hrs .
Both palatal selves properly approximate by 8
½ to form hard palate & posterior part use to
form sot palate entire palate does not close at
once . initial contact occurs in central region of
secondary palate posteriorly to pre maxilla
from this point closure occurs both anteriorly
&posteriorly also from above end of nasal
septum fuses with palate .
Palatal ossification (IM) 1 center 8th week
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mid palatal suter ossifies at 12 to 14 years
73. development
o maxillary sinus
It
is formed around at 3rd month of IUL
It develops by expansion of nasal mucous
membrane into maxillary bone
It enlarges later by internal resorption of
wall of maxilla
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74. meckels
cartilage
it derived from first brachial arch on 41st to 45th
day of IUL .extends from cartilaginous otic
capsule to sysmphysis .it acts as template and
guide for growth of mandible . a major portion
of this disappears and remaining part develops
in to
mental ossicle
incus, malleus
spine of sphenoid
ant. Ligament of malleus
sphenomandibular ligament
1st structure that develops in promordia of man.
Is mandibular www.indiandentalacademy.com
division of 5th nerve this is
followed by osteogenesis (neurotropic theory )
77. on
6th week of IUL single ossification
center for each man. Arise in the region
of bifurcation of inferior alveolar nerve
in to mental and incisive. ossifying
membrane is located lateral to meckels
cartilage .IM ossification spreads
dorsally and ventrally to form body and
ramus of man. Ossification continues till
region of future linguala. meckels
cartilage continues into middle ear and
develops in to auditory ossicle that is
malleus and incus and SML
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78. Endochondral
bone formation in man.
Seen in3 areas
condylar process
mental region
coronoid process
condylar process; at 5th week of IUL
mesanchymal condensation seen above
ventral part of man. By 10th week it
develops into cone shaped cartilage. by
14th week it starts ossifying. it then
migrates inferiorly and fuse with man.
Ramus by4th months . by 6-7 th month
of IUL much of cartilage ossifies except
upper end which ossifies at adult hood
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79.
mental region
on
either of symphysis 2 small cartilage
appears in 7th month of IUL .it then
incorporates into body . symphysis
ossifies after 1yr after birth
coronoid
process
it is formed by secondary cartilage.
appears at 10-14th week of IUL. it grows
as response to temporalis muscle. it then
join with ramus
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80. TMJ
In IUL it develops in three phases
Blastamic stage (7—8th week) corresponds with
organization of condyle ,articular disc and
capsule
Cavitations stage (9—11th week) initial
formation of inferior joint cavity
Maturation stage (from 12thweek)
At birth articular disc is flat but it then
transforms into S shape
Articular disc at birth is 1.5mm thick. it then
thins down and replaced by endochondral
ossification
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It grows in post . sup. Lat. Direction
81. POST
NATAL DEVELOPMENT
AND GROWTH
Maxilla and mandible are attached to
cranial base by means of sutures and TMJ
respectively. so any growth change in CB
affect growth of jaw
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82.
cranial base
CB
grows post natally by complex interaction between
1)
cortical drift and remodeling
2)
elongation at synchondrosis
3)
sutural growth
cortical drift and remodeling ; remodeling is
apposition or resorption of bone which bring about
change in size shape and relationship of bone
cranial base is divided into many components by
bony elevations called ridges .These ridges show bony
deposition and other part show resorption by this
process CB develops
in the area where blood vessels and nerves pass CB
,show cortical drift ie by bone deposiotion and
resorption and maintain constant position
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83.
elongation of synchondrosis
cartilage at various junction of bone
called SY
they act as important growth sites as
they are primary cartilages
main synchondrosis are
sphenooccipital
sphenoethmoid
intra sphenoid
intra occipital
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84. spheno
occipital SY ; it is active up to age
12—15years .these segments fuse in
midline by 20yrs . it shows pressure
adapted bone growth. direction of bone
growth at SY is upwards so it carries ant.
Part of cranium bodily forwards closure
of this SY occurs at 13-15yrs
spheno ethmoid : it ossifies at 5-25yrs
intra sphenoid : it ossifies at birth
intra occipital:ossifies at 3–5yrs
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85. sutural
growth : --
growth seen sutures are
spheno frontal
fronto temporal
sphenoethmoid
frontoethmoid
frntozygomatic
main timing of CB growth
by birth 55%-60%
4—7yrs 94%
8—1yrs 98%
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86. • post natal growth of
maxilla
– nasomaxillary complex grows by
displacement
growth at suture
surface remodeling
displacement: as before discussed maxilla
attached attached CB by sutures so as CB
grows secondary displacement is seen in NMC
in downwards and forwards direction . it
mainly seen at 6—12yrs age. growth at
tuberosity seen in postrior direction to shift
maxilla in forwards direction
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87. growth
at suture
main
sutures at which growth seen are
frontonasal
frontomaxillary
zygomaticotemporal
zygomaticomaxillary
pterygopalatine
these sutures are obliquely placed and by
this maxilla grows in forwards and
downwards direction . soft tissues carry
maxilla also in same direction
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88. surface
remodeling ;
the remodeling changes seen in NMC.
resorption occurs on lat. Surface of orbital region so
that eye moves laterally .on medial rim deposition seen
floor of orbit due to remodeling grows in sup .lat. and
ant. Direction
bone deposition occurs on posterior margin of maxillary
tuberosity which causes lengthening of dental arch and
enlargement of antero posterior dimension of entire
maxilla
bone resorption seen on lateral wall of nose to increase
size of nasal cavity
bone resorption seen in floor of nasal cavity and
deposition in palatal side so net downward shift occurs
leading to increase in maxillary height
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89. zygomatic
bone moves in posterior
direction by resorption on anterior
surface and deposition on posterior
surface
face enlarges in width by formation of
lateral surface of zygomatic arch and
resorption on medial surface
anterior nasal spine increase in
prominence by deposition
tooth eruption ,increase maxillary
height by alveolar bone deposition
entire wall of sinus except mesial wall
undergoes resorption by which maxillary
sinus increase in size
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90. post.
Natal growth of man.
Of
facial bone man. Has largest amount
of growth post natally
Ramus : it moves posteriorly by bone
remodeling
Resorption occurs in anterior part and
deposition occurs in posterior region so it
results in post . drift
Body of man.: its growth depends on
remodeling growth of ramus so former
ramus converts into posterior body
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91. Angle
On
of mandible
lingual side of angle resorption takes place on
posteroinferior aspect and deposition occurs in
anterosuperior aspect on buccal side exactly opposite
process occurs this results in flaring of angle of
mandible as age advances
Lingual tuberosity : it is vary similar to maxillary
tuberosity grows posteriorly and lingually
Alveolar bone grows as tooth erupts in oral cavity
Chin in infancy is under developed due to position of
head and precordial bulge its growth mainly influenced
by sexual and specific genetic factor
Males have prominent chin
In childhood mental protuberance forms and ossifies its
prominence is accelerated by bone resorption that
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occurs in alveolar region which creates concavity
92. Condyle : it is main growth site its growth has 2 schools
of thought
Earlier it was believed that growth occurs at surface of
condyle by bone deposition so condyle grows towards
CB condyle pushes against CB .so entire man. Is
displaced forwards and downwards
Now it is believed that growth of soft tissue that is
muscle and CT carry man. forwards away from CB
( carry away phenomenon) and bone grows secondarily
to maintain contact with CB . condylar growth which
peak at 12—14yrs and stops at 20yrs
Coronoid process : it follows enlows V principle ,
deposition occurs on lingual surface and with it vertical
dimension also increase so it gets a characteristic twist
that is sup. Post. Med.
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