The document discusses the central processing unit (CPU) and its components and functions. It states that the CPU, also known as the processor, is the brain of the computer and is located on the motherboard. The three main components of the CPU are the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), control unit (CU), and registers. The CU fetches instructions from memory and controls the execution of instructions. The ALU performs arithmetic and logical operations. Registers are high-speed memory used to store temporary data during processing. The document also discusses other CPU components like cache memory, buses, and input/output units.

1. Group No.2
Khadjia
Maria shabeer
Sadaf
Shazia

2. Subject Teacher
• Sir Zohaib Ashraf

3. Presentation Topic
•CPU

4. Cpu
• CPU stand for central processing unit.
• It is the brain of the computer.
• It is the most important component of computer.
• Computer cannot work without CPU.
• All computer must have a central processing unit.

5. Location of Cpu
• CPU located on the motherboard.
• It carries most of the work of a computer.
• CPU performs all operations on data according to
the given instructions.
• It executes instruction and tells other parts of
computer what to do.
• Most of the work consist of calculation and data
transfer.

6. Diagram of mother board

7. Components of cpu
• CPU consists of three main components known as
• ALU,(arithmetic & logical unit).
• Cu(control unit).
• Registers

8. Control unit
• A control unit is an important component of CPU
• It act like a supervisor of the computer
• It controls all activities of computer systen.
• CPUs and GPUs are examples of devices that use
control units.

9. Structure of cpu

10. Operations of Cu
• It fetches instruction from main memory.
• It interprets the instructions to find what operation
is to performed.
• It controls the execution of instructions.

11. Arithmetical unit
• It perform basic arithmetic operations such as
addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

12. Diagram of Alu

13. Logical unit
• Lu unit preform logical operations like comparing
two data items to find which data item is greater
than, equal to, or less than the other
• Examples
• + ,-, *, etc

14. Registers
• Registers is a small high speed memory inside CPU
• It is used to store data temporary
• Data is stored in registers from main memory for
execution
• CPU contain a number of registers
• Bigger size of register increases the performance of
CPU.

15. Special purpose Registers
• PC
• IR
• MAR
• MBF
• SPR

16. Diagram of register

17. Cache
• A cache is a small and very fast memory
• It is designed to speed up the transfer of data and
instruction
• The data and instructions that are used by
computer are stored in cache memory
• It speed up the working of Cpu

18. Cache
• It acts as a temporary storage area that the
computer's processor can retrieve data from easily.

19. Cache memory
• · Cache memory is an extremely fast memory type
that acts as a buffer between RAM and the CPU.

20. Buses
• System bus is used to connect the main
components of computer such as CPU and main
memory
• Buses are the part of keyboard
• Computer normally have system buses of 70 -100
lines

21. Diagram of memory buses

22. Input /output unit
• I/o unites controls processor, s communication with
peripheral devices such as mounted , disk drive and
printer connected to the computer system.
• I/o putis used to avoid all difficulties related to
connected to devices
• It works as an interface between CPU and I/o
devices

23. Main memory
• Main memory is an important component of the
computer system.
• It is used to store program and data that are being
executed.
• It is also known as working area of a computer.