The document discusses several operating systems including:
1. TUNIS - A Unix clone developed at the University of Toronto in the 1980s that targeted the PDP-11 and Motorola architectures.
2. MINIX - A small open source Unix clone first released in 1987 that is known for inspiring the development of Linux.
3. Plan 9 from Bell Labs - A distributed operating system primarily used for research that represented all system interfaces through the filesystem.
The document discusses several open-source and research operating systems, categorized as either Unix-like or non-Unix-like. It provides descriptions of operating systems such as MINIX, Plan 9 from Bell Labs, Inferno, OpenSolaris, Linux, GNU, Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), Mach, L4, EROS and its successors CapROS and Coyotos, Nemesis, and Singularity. It also mentions researchers involved in developing some of these systems such as Andrew Tanenbaum, Ken Thompson, and Dennis Ritchie.
Linux is a free and open-source operating system based on Unix. The document provides an overview of Linux and its history. It discusses how Linux was developed by Linus Torvalds in the early 1990s as an alternative to proprietary Unix. Linux gained popularity due to its open-source nature which allowed many programmers to improve the code. The document also summarizes some key Linux distributions like Ubuntu, commands, and concepts such as file structure and time-sharing.
Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), also known as Berkeley Unix, is an operating system derived from Unix developed at the University of California, Berkeley from 1977 to 1995. Key events included the first BSD release in 1977, the addition of virtual memory and networking capabilities, and the release of 4.2BSD and 4.3BSD, which popularized the BSD TCP/IP stack. Variants such as FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD continue development of the BSD operating system today.
Here are the answers to your questions:
1. ANDOS
2. MK-DOS
3. MicroDOS
4. CSI-DOS
5. BKUNIX
6. LoseThos
7. Extremely Reliable Operating System
8. AROS Research Operating System
9. ANDOS
10. BKUNIX
Linux is a free and open-source operating system assembled under a collaborative development model. The Linux kernel was first released in 1991 by Linus Torvalds and has since been ported to more hardware platforms than any other OS. Linux is widely used on servers, supercomputers, embedded systems like Android devices, and desktop systems through distributions like Ubuntu that package the kernel with supporting software. It has become popular for use in government, education, and businesses due to its low costs and customizable nature.
The document summarizes Darwin, an open source operating system developed by Apple Inc. that forms the core of Mac OS X, Apple TV, and iPhone OS. It discusses Darwin's history originating from NeXTSTEP, its hybrid kernel design combining Mach and BSD, its hardware support, free software license, mascot Hexley the platypus, major releases, and derived community projects like OpenDarwin and PureDarwin.
Linux is a free and open-source operating system assembled under a collaborative development model. The Linux kernel was first released in 1991 and has since been ported to run on various hardware platforms. It is widely used today for servers, supercomputers, embedded systems like Android, and desktop systems. Common Linux distributions include desktop environments like GNOME or KDE and include applications like Firefox, LibreOffice, and GIMP. Programming languages widely supported on Linux include C, C++, Java, Python, and Perl. The document then discusses advantages of Linux like low cost, stability, flexibility, security, and its open source nature.
The document discusses several open-source and research operating systems, categorized as either Unix-like or non-Unix-like. It provides descriptions of operating systems such as MINIX, Plan 9 from Bell Labs, Inferno, OpenSolaris, Linux, GNU, Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), Mach, L4, EROS and its successors CapROS and Coyotos, Nemesis, and Singularity. It also mentions researchers involved in developing some of these systems such as Andrew Tanenbaum, Ken Thompson, and Dennis Ritchie.
Linux is a free and open-source operating system based on Unix. The document provides an overview of Linux and its history. It discusses how Linux was developed by Linus Torvalds in the early 1990s as an alternative to proprietary Unix. Linux gained popularity due to its open-source nature which allowed many programmers to improve the code. The document also summarizes some key Linux distributions like Ubuntu, commands, and concepts such as file structure and time-sharing.
Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), also known as Berkeley Unix, is an operating system derived from Unix developed at the University of California, Berkeley from 1977 to 1995. Key events included the first BSD release in 1977, the addition of virtual memory and networking capabilities, and the release of 4.2BSD and 4.3BSD, which popularized the BSD TCP/IP stack. Variants such as FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD continue development of the BSD operating system today.
Here are the answers to your questions:
1. ANDOS
2. MK-DOS
3. MicroDOS
4. CSI-DOS
5. BKUNIX
6. LoseThos
7. Extremely Reliable Operating System
8. AROS Research Operating System
9. ANDOS
10. BKUNIX
Linux is a free and open-source operating system assembled under a collaborative development model. The Linux kernel was first released in 1991 by Linus Torvalds and has since been ported to more hardware platforms than any other OS. Linux is widely used on servers, supercomputers, embedded systems like Android devices, and desktop systems through distributions like Ubuntu that package the kernel with supporting software. It has become popular for use in government, education, and businesses due to its low costs and customizable nature.
The document summarizes Darwin, an open source operating system developed by Apple Inc. that forms the core of Mac OS X, Apple TV, and iPhone OS. It discusses Darwin's history originating from NeXTSTEP, its hybrid kernel design combining Mach and BSD, its hardware support, free software license, mascot Hexley the platypus, major releases, and derived community projects like OpenDarwin and PureDarwin.
Linux is a free and open-source operating system assembled under a collaborative development model. The Linux kernel was first released in 1991 and has since been ported to run on various hardware platforms. It is widely used today for servers, supercomputers, embedded systems like Android, and desktop systems. Common Linux distributions include desktop environments like GNOME or KDE and include applications like Firefox, LibreOffice, and GIMP. Programming languages widely supported on Linux include C, C++, Java, Python, and Perl. The document then discusses advantages of Linux like low cost, stability, flexibility, security, and its open source nature.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of the Linux operating system. It discusses how Linux originated from earlier operating systems like Unix and was completed using software from the GNU project. Key advantages of Linux mentioned include low cost, stability, performance, flexibility and security. The document also describes the file hierarchy and culture of free software in Linux. It provides examples of commands used in Linux and explains the use of sudo for privilege escalation.
Inferno is a portable operating system developed by Bell Labs based on three principles: representing all resources as files, a unified namespace for local and remote resources, and a standard communication protocol called Styx. It has three layers - an application layer using the Limbo programming language, a kernel layer managing processes and security, and a hardware layer with device drivers. Inferno can run on various host operating systems and provides a secure way to access resources across a network by treating them all as files in a single namespace.
I have described all about linux OS starting from basics.
I guess this PPT will really be very very helpful for you guys.
This was one of the most appreciable PPT in my time when i presented it in my class.
This document provides an overview of a 2 hour Linux workshop. It will cover the history and architecture of Linux, the file system, basic commands, and software management. No prior Linux experience is necessary. The workshop will focus on Ubuntu but discuss other Linux flavors. It will start with the history of UNIX and the GNU project. It will then cover the Linux kernel, open source software, Ubuntu releases, filesystems like ext3 and ext4, files and directories, basic commands, and installing, removing, and upgrading software using tools like apt, Synaptic, and command line commands.
This document provides an overview of the Linux operating system, including its history and design principles. It describes key components like the Linux kernel, kernel modules, process management, scheduling, and memory management. It discusses how Linux implements features like file systems, input/output, and interprocess communication. The document also covers Linux distributions and licensing. It provides details on the evolution of the Linux kernel from early versions to version 2.0 and beyond, which added support for new architectures and multiprocessor systems.
Linux is an open-source operating system that originated as a personal project by Linus Torvalds in 1991. It can run on a variety of devices from servers and desktop computers to smartphones. Some key advantages of Linux include low cost, high performance, strong security, and versatility in being able to run on many system types. Popular Linux distributions include Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Debian, Ubuntu, and Mint. The document provides an overview of the history and development of Linux as well as common myths and facts about the operating system.
The document provides information about the Linux operating system project completed by team X.P which includes five members. It discusses what an operating system is and lists some common operating systems. It then focuses on Linux, describing its history starting from Unix, its uses in various devices, features, and advantages over other operating systems like Windows. Some key advantages highlighted are that Linux is free and open source, highly customizable, secure, and requires low resources.
The document discusses various operating systems including Windows, Macintosh, and Linux. It provides details on the history and versions of Windows, including early versions from 1985 to recent versions. It also discusses Macintosh systems introduced by Apple in 1984 and key Apple hardware and software products. Finally, it outlines the history and development of Linux, an open-source operating system, along with its use in servers, mainframes, embedded systems, and other applications.
The document provides an overview of Linux, including its history and features. It discusses how Linux originated from the GNU project and was started by Linus Torvalds. Linux is an open source operating system that can run on various platforms. It provides features like multi-user access, multitasking, and security benefits compared to other operating systems. The document also describes the typical Linux desktop environment and popular software applications available for Linux.
This document provides information about various Linux distributions including their release dates, founders, code names and other key details. It discusses popular distributions such as Ubuntu, Fedora, Linux Mint, Debian and others, noting their histories and design philosophies. Release schedules and version codenames are outlined for several distributions, showing how they follow naming conventions related to alphabetical order, animals or characters from the Toy Story movies.
This document presents information about the UNIX operating system from a group consisting of 5 members. It provides a brief history of UNIX, noting it was developed in the 1970s at Bell Labs and was intended as a programmer's workbench. The document outlines some key advantages of UNIX, including its portability, multi-tasking abilities, and security features. It also mentions some disadvantages such as its less user-friendly command line interface. In conclusion, it notes UNIX now runs on almost every type of computer.
Covers the IBM - Lotus commitment to Linux and ways a business customer can create business saves by running their supported Lotus product offerings on Linux. Includes a few admin tips and tricks too.
The document provides an introduction to the Linux operating system, discussing its origins from the collaborative efforts of many programmers to create a free and open source alternative to commercial UNIX systems. It describes how Linus Torvalds created the initial Linux kernel in 1991 and how it has since been refined by numerous contributors. The summary concludes that Linux has grown from humble beginnings to become a widely used and respected operating system available across many computing platforms.
The document discusses several open-source and research operating systems, categorized as either Unix-like or non-Unix-like. It provides brief descriptions of each operating system, including their origins, purposes, key features, and status. Some of the operating systems discussed include MINIX, Plan 9, Inferno, OpenSolaris, Linux, Mach, EROS and its successors CapROS and Coyotos, and Nemesis.
The document provides information about the UNIX operating system. It begins with an introduction to UNIX and defines an operating system. It then discusses key aspects of UNIX like allocating computer resources, built-in task scheduling, the history and development of UNIX over time by researchers at Bell Labs and the University of California, Berkeley. The document also covers different flavors of UNIX, including proprietary and open-source variations, and summarizes the core components and architecture of the UNIX operating system.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on the Linux kernel. It is used widely in servers, desktops, embedded systems, and other devices. The Linux directory structure is organized with key directories like /bin, /etc, /home, /lib, /usr, and /var that contain essential system files, configurations, user files, libraries, applications, and variable/log files respectively. Popular Linux distributions combine the kernel with applications and provide installation and support.
Linux was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 based on UNIX. It is an open source operating system with a modular design consisting of the kernel at the core which manages memory, processes, and hardware access. The shell provides a command line interface between users and the kernel while the file system arranges files in a hierarchical structure with everything treated as a file. Common directories include /bin, /sbin, /etc, /dev, /proc, /var, /tmp, /usr, /home, and help is available through man pages or command --help.
Update as of March 2016: This is an article from ACM Computer, May 1996. It is old and facts, links, contact information and the world itself has changed significantly. Read this out of historical interest – look elsewhere for current information on Plan 9. Reformatted, citations updated and some graphics tweaked for readability.
- Linux originated from the open source software movement started by Richard Stallman and his GNU project in the 1980s. It aimed to create an operating system with source code available to all that could be freely modified and shared.
- Linus Torvalds developed the Linux kernel in 1991 as a hobby. His open source operating system gained popularity and various Linux distributions were later developed by companies and organizations.
- Today Linux powers many servers, embedded systems, and has gained widespread adoption for tasks like web hosting, high-performance computing, and more due to its security, customizability, and low cost. However, it requires more technical expertise from users compared to other operating systems.
Every time you switch on your computer, you see a screen where you can perform different activities like write, browse the internet or watch a video. What is it that makes the computer hardware work like that? How does the processor on your computer know that you are asking it to run a mp3 file?
Well, it is the operating system or the kernel which does this work. A kernel is a program at the heart of any operating system that takes care of fundamental stuff, like letting hardware communicate with software.
So, to work on your computer you need an operating system (OS). In fact, you are using one as you read on your computer. Now, you may have used popular OS’s like Windows, Apple OS X but here we see what Linux is and what benefits it offers over other OS choices.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of the Linux operating system. It discusses how Linux originated from earlier operating systems like Unix and was completed using software from the GNU project. Key advantages of Linux mentioned include low cost, stability, performance, flexibility and security. The document also describes the file hierarchy and culture of free software in Linux. It provides examples of commands used in Linux and explains the use of sudo for privilege escalation.
Inferno is a portable operating system developed by Bell Labs based on three principles: representing all resources as files, a unified namespace for local and remote resources, and a standard communication protocol called Styx. It has three layers - an application layer using the Limbo programming language, a kernel layer managing processes and security, and a hardware layer with device drivers. Inferno can run on various host operating systems and provides a secure way to access resources across a network by treating them all as files in a single namespace.
I have described all about linux OS starting from basics.
I guess this PPT will really be very very helpful for you guys.
This was one of the most appreciable PPT in my time when i presented it in my class.
This document provides an overview of a 2 hour Linux workshop. It will cover the history and architecture of Linux, the file system, basic commands, and software management. No prior Linux experience is necessary. The workshop will focus on Ubuntu but discuss other Linux flavors. It will start with the history of UNIX and the GNU project. It will then cover the Linux kernel, open source software, Ubuntu releases, filesystems like ext3 and ext4, files and directories, basic commands, and installing, removing, and upgrading software using tools like apt, Synaptic, and command line commands.
This document provides an overview of the Linux operating system, including its history and design principles. It describes key components like the Linux kernel, kernel modules, process management, scheduling, and memory management. It discusses how Linux implements features like file systems, input/output, and interprocess communication. The document also covers Linux distributions and licensing. It provides details on the evolution of the Linux kernel from early versions to version 2.0 and beyond, which added support for new architectures and multiprocessor systems.
Linux is an open-source operating system that originated as a personal project by Linus Torvalds in 1991. It can run on a variety of devices from servers and desktop computers to smartphones. Some key advantages of Linux include low cost, high performance, strong security, and versatility in being able to run on many system types. Popular Linux distributions include Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Debian, Ubuntu, and Mint. The document provides an overview of the history and development of Linux as well as common myths and facts about the operating system.
The document provides information about the Linux operating system project completed by team X.P which includes five members. It discusses what an operating system is and lists some common operating systems. It then focuses on Linux, describing its history starting from Unix, its uses in various devices, features, and advantages over other operating systems like Windows. Some key advantages highlighted are that Linux is free and open source, highly customizable, secure, and requires low resources.
The document discusses various operating systems including Windows, Macintosh, and Linux. It provides details on the history and versions of Windows, including early versions from 1985 to recent versions. It also discusses Macintosh systems introduced by Apple in 1984 and key Apple hardware and software products. Finally, it outlines the history and development of Linux, an open-source operating system, along with its use in servers, mainframes, embedded systems, and other applications.
The document provides an overview of Linux, including its history and features. It discusses how Linux originated from the GNU project and was started by Linus Torvalds. Linux is an open source operating system that can run on various platforms. It provides features like multi-user access, multitasking, and security benefits compared to other operating systems. The document also describes the typical Linux desktop environment and popular software applications available for Linux.
This document provides information about various Linux distributions including their release dates, founders, code names and other key details. It discusses popular distributions such as Ubuntu, Fedora, Linux Mint, Debian and others, noting their histories and design philosophies. Release schedules and version codenames are outlined for several distributions, showing how they follow naming conventions related to alphabetical order, animals or characters from the Toy Story movies.
This document presents information about the UNIX operating system from a group consisting of 5 members. It provides a brief history of UNIX, noting it was developed in the 1970s at Bell Labs and was intended as a programmer's workbench. The document outlines some key advantages of UNIX, including its portability, multi-tasking abilities, and security features. It also mentions some disadvantages such as its less user-friendly command line interface. In conclusion, it notes UNIX now runs on almost every type of computer.
Covers the IBM - Lotus commitment to Linux and ways a business customer can create business saves by running their supported Lotus product offerings on Linux. Includes a few admin tips and tricks too.
The document provides an introduction to the Linux operating system, discussing its origins from the collaborative efforts of many programmers to create a free and open source alternative to commercial UNIX systems. It describes how Linus Torvalds created the initial Linux kernel in 1991 and how it has since been refined by numerous contributors. The summary concludes that Linux has grown from humble beginnings to become a widely used and respected operating system available across many computing platforms.
The document discusses several open-source and research operating systems, categorized as either Unix-like or non-Unix-like. It provides brief descriptions of each operating system, including their origins, purposes, key features, and status. Some of the operating systems discussed include MINIX, Plan 9, Inferno, OpenSolaris, Linux, Mach, EROS and its successors CapROS and Coyotos, and Nemesis.
The document provides information about the UNIX operating system. It begins with an introduction to UNIX and defines an operating system. It then discusses key aspects of UNIX like allocating computer resources, built-in task scheduling, the history and development of UNIX over time by researchers at Bell Labs and the University of California, Berkeley. The document also covers different flavors of UNIX, including proprietary and open-source variations, and summarizes the core components and architecture of the UNIX operating system.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on the Linux kernel. It is used widely in servers, desktops, embedded systems, and other devices. The Linux directory structure is organized with key directories like /bin, /etc, /home, /lib, /usr, and /var that contain essential system files, configurations, user files, libraries, applications, and variable/log files respectively. Popular Linux distributions combine the kernel with applications and provide installation and support.
Linux was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 based on UNIX. It is an open source operating system with a modular design consisting of the kernel at the core which manages memory, processes, and hardware access. The shell provides a command line interface between users and the kernel while the file system arranges files in a hierarchical structure with everything treated as a file. Common directories include /bin, /sbin, /etc, /dev, /proc, /var, /tmp, /usr, /home, and help is available through man pages or command --help.
Update as of March 2016: This is an article from ACM Computer, May 1996. It is old and facts, links, contact information and the world itself has changed significantly. Read this out of historical interest – look elsewhere for current information on Plan 9. Reformatted, citations updated and some graphics tweaked for readability.
- Linux originated from the open source software movement started by Richard Stallman and his GNU project in the 1980s. It aimed to create an operating system with source code available to all that could be freely modified and shared.
- Linus Torvalds developed the Linux kernel in 1991 as a hobby. His open source operating system gained popularity and various Linux distributions were later developed by companies and organizations.
- Today Linux powers many servers, embedded systems, and has gained widespread adoption for tasks like web hosting, high-performance computing, and more due to its security, customizability, and low cost. However, it requires more technical expertise from users compared to other operating systems.
Every time you switch on your computer, you see a screen where you can perform different activities like write, browse the internet or watch a video. What is it that makes the computer hardware work like that? How does the processor on your computer know that you are asking it to run a mp3 file?
Well, it is the operating system or the kernel which does this work. A kernel is a program at the heart of any operating system that takes care of fundamental stuff, like letting hardware communicate with software.
So, to work on your computer you need an operating system (OS). In fact, you are using one as you read on your computer. Now, you may have used popular OS’s like Windows, Apple OS X but here we see what Linux is and what benefits it offers over other OS choices.
This document provides an introduction to UNIX/Linux operating systems. It discusses what an operating system is and its main functions. It then covers the history of UNIX, its general characteristics, and popular flavors including Linux. The document outlines the main parts of UNIX like the kernel, shell, and utilities. It compares Linux and Windows and describes UMBC's computing environment including graphical and command line interfaces. Finally, it lists some common programming tools available under Linux.
Unix is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, developed in the 1970s at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others.
Initially intended for use inside the Bell System, AT&T licensed Unix to outside parties from the late 1970s, leading to a variety of both academic and commercial variants of Unix from vendors such as the University of California, Berkeley (BSD), Microsoft (Xenix), IBM (AIX) and Sun Microsystems (Solaris). AT&T finally sold its rights in Unix to Novell in the early 1990s, which then sold its Unix business to the Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) in 1995,[4] but the UNIX trademark passed to the industry standards consortium The Open Group, which allows the use of the mark for certified operating systems compliant with the Single UNIX Specification. Among these is Apple's OS X, which is the Unix version with the largest installed base as of 2014.
This document provides an overview of 10 different operating systems: Windows, Linux, Mac OSX, UNIX, BSD OS (OpenBSD), Sun Solaris, AIX, Linux, IRIX/HPUX/others, and DOS. It describes the origins and key features of each OS, such as Windows being introduced by Microsoft in 1985 and becoming the most widely used OS, Linux being an open source alternative to Windows, and UNIX spawning various variants including Linux and BSD.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on the Linux kernel. It began as a personal project by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and has since grown significantly through contributions from developers worldwide. Linux is commonly used for servers, but also increasingly used on desktop computers and embedded devices. It is free to use and modify under open-source licenses like the GNU GPL. Major Linux distributions integrate the Linux kernel with software from the GNU Project.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on the Linux kernel. It was created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds and has since grown significantly through contributions from its worldwide community of developers and users. Linux can run on a variety of hardware and is commonly used for servers, though it also powers some desktop and mobile devices. Major Linux distributions integrate the Linux kernel with other open-source software.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on the Linux kernel. It was created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds and has since grown significantly through contributions from its worldwide community of developers and users. Linux is commonly used for servers, but also powers many smartphones, smartwatches, and embedded devices. It is free to use and modify under open-source licenses like the GNU GPL.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on the Linux kernel. It began as a personal project by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and has since grown into one of the most widely used operating systems. Linux is commonly used for servers, but also runs on desktops, smartphones, and other devices. It is developed collaboratively by programmers worldwide and is distributed through Linux distributions like Ubuntu, Fedora, and Debian.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on the Linux kernel. It began as a personal project by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and has since grown into one of the most widely used operating systems. Linux is commonly used for servers but also runs on desktops, smartphones, and other devices. It is developed collaboratively by programmers worldwide and is distributed through Linux distributions like Ubuntu which package Linux alongside other free and open-source software.
- The document provides an introduction and overview of the history and structure of the Unix operating system
- It describes how Unix was developed in the 1960s and 1970s at Bell Labs and others and became widely adopted, especially in academia
- The key aspects of Unix covered include its layered design, file system structure, use of directories, files and inodes to organize data, and how programs interface with the kernel through system calls
Mac OS X is based on Unix and BSD operating systems. At its core, Mac OS X uses Darwin, which consists of the Unix kernel and associated programs and files. Darwin originated from NeXTStep, which was directly descended from BSD Unix. While Mac OS X shares a common ancestry with Linux and other Unix variants through BSD, it contains proprietary Apple code as well. The use of open source BSD code allowed Apple to build upon an established foundation and developer community while reducing development time.
History of Linux
Brain behind development
Why Linux
GNU
Why GNU ?
Where can you find Linux?
Linux is Best!!
Core components of Linux
File system
Drive letter’s
Security
Facts about Linux
commands that's are commonly used in linuxNavdeep Bhuii
This document provides an overview of the Linux operating system, including:
- Linux is an open-source operating system that functions similarly to Windows and OS X by relaying instructions between applications and computer components.
- It has grown significantly since its creation in 1991 and now powers a wide range of devices from phones to supercomputers.
- As an open-source project, Linux is developed and supported collaboratively by thousands of individual and corporate developers worldwide.
The document provides information about the Linux operating system, including its structure, components, history, and features. It discusses the kernel as the core component that manages devices, memory, processes, and system calls. It also describes system libraries, tools, and end user tools. The document outlines the history of Linux from its creation in 1991 to recent developments. It explains the architecture including the kernel, system libraries, hardware layer, and shells. Finally, it lists some key Linux commands like sudo, man, echo, and passwd.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptx
Group 3
1. GROUP 3 ITE 229 OPERATING SYSTEM (Non – Proprietary) Table 2 and 3 GROUP LEADER: Jeffrey D. Mangguerra GROUP MEMBERS: Valencia Christian B. Remillete Richard Manggis Nasser A. Adofina Richard Dominic A.
2. TUNIS TUNIS ( T oronto Uni versity S ystem) was a Unix-like operating system , developed at the University of Toronto in the early 1980s. TUNIS was a mostly compatible clone of Unix V7 , but with a completely redesigned kernel , written in Concurrent Euclid . TUNIS targeted the PDP-11 and Motorola 6809 and 68000 architectures
3. MINIX MINIX (sometimes written as Minix ) is a small, open source UNIX clone that was first released in January 1987. It is now best known for its role in inspiring Linus Torvalds to develop Linux .
4. Plan 9 from Bell Labs Plan 9 from Bell Labs is a distributed operating system , primarily used for research. It was developed as the research successor to Unix by the Computing Sciences Research Center at Bell Labs between the mid-1980s and 2002. Plan 9 is most notable for representing all system interfaces, including those required for networking and the user-interface, through the filesystem rather than specialized interfaces. Plan 9 aims to provide users with a workstation-independent working environment through the use of the 9P protocols. Plan 9 continues to be used and developed in some circles as a research operating system and by hobbyists. The name "Plan 9 from Bell Labs" is a reference to the 1959 cult science fiction B-movie Plan 9 from Outer Space .
5. Plan B Plan B is an operating system designed to work in distributed environments where the set of available resources is different at different points in time. Its 4th edition is implemented as a set of user programs to run on top of Plan 9 from Bell Labs. It's main design guidelines are: All resources are perceived as volumes. A volume is a file tree exported to the network together with a name and constraints. The system operates on both local and remote boxes through the same protocol. Any implementor of such protocol can be used as part of a Plan B system. Each application has its own name space and can customize it. Customization is done by defining names for volumes and specifying the desired order and constraints to tailor automatic import of network volumes. Applications try to avoid connections to resources, by using calls that accept file names instead of file descriptors. Volumes can be advertised as they become available to be automatically bound to pre-specified names in the name spaces of applications that care about such resources.
6. The design owes much to Plan 9 and to Off++ . For a description of the system, you may read some of the papers listed in the papers page . You can take a look to a Plan B screenshot and see the code for an example application, the player we use to listen to music within our smart space shown in the screenshot. The player is similar to one implemented for a single machine, but Plan B makes it adapt to device availability and distribute its UI among available screens. The manual for the system can be read here . Some demonstrations for the system are available in the LS main page.
8. Inferno Inferno is an operating system for creating and supporting distributed services. It was based on the experience of Plan 9 from Bell Labs , and the further research of Bell Labs into operating systems, languages, on-the-fly compilers, graphics, security, networking and portability.
9. Design principles Inferno was first made in 1995 by members of Bell Labs ' Computer Science Research division to bring ideas of Plan 9 from Bell Labs to a wider range of devices and networks. Inferno is a distributed operating system based on three basic principles drawn from Plan 9: Resources as files: all resources are represented as files within a hierarchical file system Namespaces: the application view of the network is a single, coherent namespace that appears as a hierarchical file system but may represent physically separated (locally or remotely) resources Standard communication protocol: a standard protocol, called Styx , is used to access all resources, both local and remote
10. Solaris is a Unix -based operating system introduced by Sun Microsystems in 1992 as the successor to SunOS . Solaris is known for its scalability , especially on SPARC systems, as well for being the origin for many innovative features such as DTrace and ZFS . [1] [2] Solaris supports SPARC-based and x86 -based workstations and servers from Sun and other vendors, with efforts underway to port to additional platforms. Solaris is certified against the Single Unix Specification . Although it was historically developed as proprietary software , it is supported on systems manufactured by all major server vendors, and the majority of its codebase is now open source software via the OpenSolaris project. Solaris (operating system)
11. SSS-PC Developed at Tokyo University SSS-PC project team developped the next generation operating system ` SSS-PC ' (pronounced `three ess pc') Ver. 1.0 which runs on personal computers (PC). SSS-PC is being developped at Information Science Laboratory, Ltd. and will be released as its main product in the future. SSS-PC is the dependable scalable operating system feturing unique new technologies such as Memory Based Communication Facility (MBCF) and Information Disclosure Mechanism (IDM) in addition to basic kernel functions such as memory protection and multitasking. SSS-PC has task migration functionality and a unique scheduling system based on Free Marked Mechanism (FMM) and lets users perform maintenance jobs such as machine replacement, hardware component inspection and dynamic system reconfiguration without stopping running applications. The project team is working hard to alpha release SSS-PC by the end of 2003. The project team will reinforce SSS-PC with high dependable features to make it a foundation platform of dependable computing.
12. Features of SSS-PC The features of SSS-PC are explained here . It contains the following topics. Memory-Based Communication Facilities: MBCF Task migration Free Market Mechanism scheduling: FMM Information Disclosure Mechanism: IDM Linux/UNIX compatible program development environment Distributed Shared Memory: UDSM/ADSM Optimizing compiler: RCOP OS kernel: Micro Core Miscellaneous
13. Unix Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX, sometimes also written as Unix with small caps ) is a computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs , including Ken Thompson , Dennis Ritchie , Douglas McIlroy , and Joe Ossanna . Today's Unix systems are split into various branches, developed over time by AT&T as well as various commercial vendors and non-profit organizations.
14. Xinu (" X inu I s N ot U nix", a recursive acronym ) is a Unix-like operating system originally developed by Douglas Comer for instructional purposes at Purdue University in the 1980s. It has been ported to many hardware platforms, including the DEC LSI-11 and VAX systems, Sun-2 and Sun-3 workstations, Intel x86 , PowerPC G3 and MIPS . Xinu has been deployed in several commercial products, and continues to be used for operating system and networking courses at Universities around the world.
15. Berkeley Software Distribution Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD, sometimes called Berkeley Unix) is the Unix operating system derivative developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group of the University of California, Berkeley , from 1977 to 1995. Historically, BSD has been considered a branch of UNIX — "BSD UNIX", because it shared the initial codebase and design with the original AT&T UNIX operating system. In the 1980s, BSD was widely adopted by vendors of workstation -class systems in the form of proprietary UNIX variants such as DEC ULTRIX and Sun Microsystems SunOS . This can be attributed to the ease with which it could be licensed, and the familiarity it found among the founders of many technology companies of this era. Though these commercial BSD derivatives were largely superseded by the UNIX System V Release 4 and OSF/1 systems in the 1990s (both of which incorporated BSD code), later BSD releases provided a basis for several open source development projects which continue to this day. Today, the term of "BSD" is often non-specifically used to refer to any of these BSD descendants, e.g. FreeBSD , NetBSD or OpenBSD , which together form a branch of the family of Unix-like operating systems.
16. GNU is a computer operating system composed entirely of free software . Its name is a recursive acronym for GNU's Not Unix ; it was chosen because its design is Unix-like , but differs from Unix by being free software and containing no Unix code. [1] Development of GNU was initiated by Richard Stallman and was the original focus of the Free Software Foundation (FSF). GNU is developed by the GNU Project , and programs released under the auspices of the project are called GNU packages or GNU programs . The system's basic components include the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), the GNU Binary Utilities (binutils), the bash shell, the GNU C library (glibc), and GNU Core Utilities (coreutils).
17. Linux Linux (commonly pronounced IPA: /ˈlɪnəks/ in English; variants exist) is a generic term referring to Unix-like computer operating systems based on the Linux kernel . Their development is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source software collaboration; typically all the underlying source code can be used, freely modified, and redistributed by anyone under the terms of the GNU GPL and other free licenses. Linux distributions are predominantly known for their use in servers , although they are installed on a wide variety of computer hardware , ranging from embedded devices and mobile phones to supercomputers , and their popularity as a desktop/laptop operating system has been growing lately due to the rise of netbooks and the Ubuntu distribution of the operating system. The name "Linux" comes from the Linux kernel , originally written in 1991 by Linus Torvalds . The rest of the system, including utilities and libraries , usually comes from the GNU operating system announced in 1983 by Richard Stallman . The GNU contribution is the basis for the alternative name GNU/Linux
18. Darwin (operating system) Darwin is an open source POSIX -compliant computer operating system released by Apple Inc. in 2000. It is composed of code developed by Apple, as well as code derived from NEXTSTEP , FreeBSD , and other free software projects. Darwin forms the core set of components upon which Mac OS X and iPhone OS are based. It is compatible with the Single UNIX Specification version 3 (SUSv3) and POSIX UNIX applications and utilities
19. Solaris (operating system) Solaris is a Unix -based operating system introduced by Sun Microsystems in 1992 as the successor to SunOS . Solaris is known for its scalability , especially on SPARC systems, as well for being the origin for many innovative features such as DTrace and ZFS . [1] [2] Solaris supports SPARC-based and x86 -based workstations and servers from Sun and other vendors, with efforts underway to port to additional platforms. Solaris is certified against the Single Unix Specification . Although it was historically developed as proprietary software , it is supported on systems manufactured by all major server vendors, and the majority of its codebase is now open source software via the OpenSolaris project
20. Syllable Desktop (operating system) Syllable is a free and open source operating system for Pentium and compatible processors. Its purpose is to create an easy-to-use desktop operating system for the home and small office user. It was forked from the stagnant AtheOS in July 2002. It has a native web browser ( ABrowse which is WebKit -based), email client (Whisper), media player, IDE , and many more applications. Features according to the official website include: Native 64-bit journaled file system , the AtheOS File System (usually called AFS , which is not the same as the Andrew File System ) C++ oriented API Object-oriented graphical desktop environment on a native GUI architecture Mostly POSIX compliant Software ports , including Emacs , Vim , Perl , Python , Apache and others. GNU toolchain ( GCC , Glibc , Binutils , Make ) Pre-emptive multitasking with multithreading Symmetric multiprocessing (multiple processor ) support Device drivers for most common hardware (video, sound, network chips) File system drivers for FAT (read/write), NTFS (read) and ext2 (read) REBOL as system scripting language The latest version is 0.6.5, released on January 8 , 2008 .
21. VSTa VSTa (Valencia's Simple Tasker) was an operating system with a microkernel architecture, with all device drivers and file systems residing in userspace mode. It is mostly POSIX compliant, except when POSIX compatibility got in the way of extensibility and modularity. It was conceptually inspired by QNX and Plan 9 . Written by Andy Valencia , and released under the GPL license. Currently the licensing for VSTa is Copyleft . VSTa was originally written to run on i386 hardware, but was subsequently ported to several different platforms, e.g. 68030 based Amigas . VSTa is no longer developed, but its ideas and source code are being used in the FMI/OS operating system, which continues the cause of VSTa.
23. AMOEBA The Amoeba project is a research effort aimed at understanding how to connect multiple computers in a seamless way [16, 17, 26, 27, 31]. The basic idea is to provide the users with the illusion of a single powerful timesharing system, when, in fact, the system is implemented on a collection of machines, potentially distributed among several countries.
24. CROQUET The Croquet Project is an international effort to promote the continued development of Croquet, a free software platform and a network operating system for developing and delivering deeply collaborative multi-user online applications . Croquet was specifically designed to enable the creation and low-cost deployment of large scale metaverses .
25. House Haskell User's Operating System and Environment, research OS written in Haskell and C. House is an acronym for the Haskell User's Operating System and Environment . It is an experimental operating system written in Haskell . It was written to explore system programming in a functional programming language . It includes a graphical user interface , several demos, and its network protocol stack provides basic support for Ethernet , IPv4 , ARP , DHCP , ICMP (ping), UDP , TFTP , and TCP .
26. ILIOS ILIOS is an acronym of I nter L ink I nternet O perating S ystem. It is an attempt to create a router -only operating system ; one specifically oriented towards computer networking purposes, especially routing . It supports IPv4 routing and is a good educational OS, though it is single tasking and does everything via interrupts. It is released under the BSD License . The author of this research OS is Rink Springer, who is also responsible for porting FreeBSD to the Xbox
27. EROS microkernel, capability-base EROS ( The Extremely Reliable Operating System ) is an operating system developed by The EROS Group, LLC., the Johns Hopkins University , and the University of Pennsylvania . Interesting features include automatic data and process persistence , some preliminary real-time support, and capability-based security . EROS is purely a research operating system, and was never deployed in real world use. As of 2005, development has stopped in favor of two successor systems, CapROS and Coyotos
28. L4 Second generation microkernel L4 is a family of second-generation microkernels based on the original designs and implementations by German computer scientist Jochen Liedtke . Originally implemented in highly tuned Intel i386 -specific assembly language code, the API has seen extensive development in a number of directions, both in achieving a higher grade of platform independence and also in improving security , isolation, and robustness . There have been various re-implementations of the original binary L4 kernel interface ( ABI ) and its higher level successors, including L4Ka::Pistachio ( Uni Karlsruhe ), L4/MIPS ( UNSW ) and Fiasco ( TU Dresden ). For this reason, the name L4 has been generalized and no longer only refers to Liedtke's original implementation. It now applies to the whole microkernel family including the L4 kernel interface and its different versions.
29. Mach (from OS kernel research at Carnegie Mellon University Mach is an operating system microkernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University to support operating system research, primarily distributed and parallel computation. It is one of the earliest examples of a microkernel, and still the standard by which similar projects are measured.
30. MONADS capability-based OS designed to support the MONADS hardware projects A Monads-PC Computer A Monads-PC Computer The Monads Project was initiated by Prof. Keedy in 1976 at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. It became an ongoing "umbrella" project for a variety of related research activities concerned with the design of computer systems, in particular in the areas of computer hardware and architecture, operating systems, distributed systems, and practical software engineering research. It was continued at the Universities of Newcastle (NSW) and of Sydney in Australia, and at the Technical University of Darmstadt and at the Universities of Bremen and of Ulm in Germany. For further details see the history of the project below. The Monads project led to the design of several computer processors, some of which were also built and used in practice. These are described in more detail below under the heading of Monads Computers.
31. Self-Paging in the Nemesis Operating System Steven M. Hand University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory New Museums Site, Pembroke St., Cambridge CB2 3QG, ENGLAND [email_address] In contemporary operating systems, continuous media (CM) applications are sensitive to the behaviour of other tasks in the system. This is due to contention in the kernel (or in servers) between these applications. To properly support CM tasks, we require ``Quality of Service Firewalling'' between different applications. This paper presents a memory management system supporting Quality of Service (QoS) within the Nemesis operating system. It combines application-level paging techniques with isolation, exposure and responsibility in a manner we call self-paging . This enables rich virtual memory usage alongside (or even within) continuous media applications.
32. Singularity - A research operating system written mostly in managed code ( C# ) by Microsoft Singularity is an experimental operating system being built by Microsoft Research since 2003. It is intended as a highly- dependable OS in which the kernel , device drivers , and applications are all written in managed code Singularity is a microkernel operating system. Unlike most historical microkernels, its components execute in the same address space ( process ), which contains "software-isolated processes" (SIPs). Each SIP has its own data and code layout, and is independent from other SIPs. These SIPs behave like normal processes, but avoid the cost of task-switches.
33. Spring (research OS from Sun Microsystems) Spring was an experimental microkernel -based object oriented operating system developed at Sun Microsystems in the early 1990s. Using technology substantially similar to concepts developed in the Mach kernel , Spring concentrated on providing a richer programming environment supporting multiple inheritance and other features. Spring was also more cleanly separated from the operating systems it would host, divorcing it from its Unix roots and even allowing several OSes to be run at the same time. Development faded out in the mid-1990s, but several ideas and some code from the project was later re-used in the Java programming language libraries and the Solaris operating system .
34. V from Stanford, early 1980s The V operating system (sometimes written V-System , not to be confused with System V ) is a microkernel operating system that was developed by faculty and students in the Distributed Systems Group at Stanford University in the 1980s, led primarily by Prof. David Cheriton . V was the successor to the Thoth and Verax operating systems that Cheriton had worked on previously. The original V terminology uses "process" for what is now commonly called a " thread ", and "team" for what is now commonly called a " process " consisting of multiple threads sharing an address space, but this article will use modern terminology.
36. FullPliant (programming language based) In computer software programming languages history, Pliant is the first attempt to connect C and LISP branches. It was written by Hubert Tonneau, first published in 1999, and is released under GNU General Public License version 2. Objective Bring raw efficiency and high expressivity at once. Selected solution Focus on program encoding as opposed to language features. Principles Pliant is based on two main main concepts: First, the program is successively encoded in four precisely defined models: *Source code *Expressions tree *Instructions list *Executable Then, the three transitions between these four models can freely be changed at application level because the compiler is dynamic and reflexive .
37. FreeDOS (open source DOS variant) FreeDOS (formerly Free-DOS and PD-DOS ) is an operating system for IBM PC compatible computers. FreeDOS is made up of many different, separate programs that act as "packages" to the overall FreeDOS Project. As a member of the DOS family, it provides mainly disk access through its kernel , and partial memory management , but no default GUI (although OpenGEM is listed on the official FreeDOS website). FreeDOS is currently at version 1.0, released on September 3 , 2006 . FreeDOS supports vintage hardware IBM PC as well as modern ones, in addition to embedded computers . Unlike MS-DOS , it is composed of free and open source software , licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). It does not require license fees or royalties and creation of custom distributions is permitted.However, in its "util" section it includes also non-free software such as 4DOS .
38. FreeVMS (open source VMS variant) FreeVMS is a free software clone of VMS computer operating system , licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License . As of 2008, the project is in the early stages of development. The latest version is 0.3.11. It consists of a kernel (planned to be POSIX -compliant[ citation needed ]) and a DCL command line interpreter On the contrary to the traditional target architectures of VMS systems — VAX , Alpha and IA-64 — FreeVMS supports only i386 processors.
39. Haiku (open source inspired by BeOS , under development) Haiku , formerly known as OpenBeOS [1] , is a free and open source software project dedicated to the re-creation and continuation of BeOS on x86 and PowerPC based computers.
40. Development Haiku is developed in C++ and provides an object-oriented API. BeOS’s modular design has enabled teams of volunteer programmers to work independently on replacements for individual servers and APIs (collectively known in Haiku as “kits”). These teams include: App/Interface – develops the Interface, App and Support kits. BFS – develops the Be File System , which is mostly complete with the resulting OpenBFS Game – develops the Game Kit and its APIs. Input Server – the server that handles input devices, such as keyboards and mice and how they communicate with other parts of the system. Kernel – develops the kernel , the core of the operating system. Media – develops the audio server and related APIs. MIDI – implements the MIDI protocol. Network – writes drivers for network devices and APIs relating to networking. OpenGL – develops OpenGL support. Preferences – recreates BeOS’s preferences suite. Printing – works on the print servers and drivers for printers. Screen Saver – implements screen saver functionality. Storage – develops the storage server and drivers for required filesystems. Translation – recreates the reading/writing/conversion modules for the different file formats. A few kits have been deemed feature complete and the rest are in various stages of development. Haiku’s kernel is a modular hybrid kernel and a fork of NewOS [2] , a modular kernel written by former Be Inc. engineer Travis Geiselbrecht. Like the rest of the system it is currently still under heavy development. Many features have been implemented, including a virtual file system (VFS) layer and rudimentary symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) support.
41. ReactOS ( free software Windows NT compatible OS, in early development since 2001) ReactOS is a computer operating system intended to be binary compatible with application software and device drivers made for Microsoft Windows NT versions 5.x and up ( Windows 2000 and its successors). It is composed entirely of free software , by means of a complete clean room reverse engineering process. Although the project is in the alpha development stage as of 2009, many Windows programs already work well. While the ReactOS kernel has been written from scratch, the userland is based on the Wine compatibility layer for Unix-like operating systems . ReactOS is primarily written in the C programming language , with some elements, such as ReactOS Explorer, written in C++ . Various components of ReactOS are licensed under the GNU General Public License , the GNU Lesser General Public License and the BSD License
42. Development FreeWin95 to ReactOS Around 1996 a group of free and open source software developers started a project called FreeWin95 , to implement a clone of Windows 95 . The project stalled in discussions of the design of the system. At the end of 1997 the project had yet to release any software. The project members, led by coordinator Jason Filby, got together to revive the project. The project's target was changed to Windows NT and the project's name was changed to ReactOS . The ReactOS project began in February 1998, started by developing the kernel and basic drivers.
43. ReactOS project coordinator Aleksey Bragin (left) shows ReactOS functionality to Viktor Alksnis . ReactOS's many APIs and ABIs are ready for a higher level of development and a basic GUI is available. ReactOS features ReactOS Explorer (ROSExplorer), a basic shell similar to Windows Explorer . 0.2 Alpha version 0.2.0 of ReactOS, released in March 2004, is able to run many Win32 applications, including Notepad (a basic text editor), Regedit (the Registry editor), cmd.exe (the command-line interpreter), and several other applications (such as AbiWord ) and some older games (such as Quake and Quake II , and the Wine clone of Minesweeper ). Some games like Unreal Tournament and Deus Ex are confirmed to work, using software rendering . OpenGL runs with some minor problems, using the nVidia driver or the software implementation Mesa 3D . The first Web server ( Tiny Web Server ) [1] and VNC client ( UltraVNC ) are reported to work, and OpenOffice.org version 1.x works partly. Version 0.2.2 , released on April 28, 2004, has basic bugfixes and feature improvements Version 0.2.5 , released on January 5, 2005, has large improvements in networking and stability. In version 0.2.8 some elements of TCP/IP networking work, as well as a larger number of applications. Sound and USB support is still being worked on ( SB16 works partially, and USB OHCI and UHCI work is still being undertaken). The USB functionality is derived from the Cromwell project. Plug-and-play work has also begun, as has the move to support the Windows Driver Model . In addition to the Lynx text-based browser, ReactOS can use DCOM components from Mozilla to browse web pages graphically. ReactOS 0.2.8 can also detect whether it is running in a VMware environment and can install the SVGA driver from the VMware Tools ISO to provide a better level of GUI performance. CSRSS has also been totally rewritten, and a "written-from-scratch" implementation of Winsock 2 is scheduled to arrive very soon. Also present in the trunk are somewhat-working elements of ddraw, dplay, and dplayx.
44. 0.3 ReactOS 0.3.0 Release Candidate 1 was released on June 15, 2006. It is also an alpha build. Improved network (TCP/IP) and Plug & Play support are the headline improvements of this version. Version 0.3.0 Release Candidate 2 was released when the audit reached 94%. It was deemed appropriate to release another candidate version at this time because so many bug fixes had been made during the audit. ReactOS 0.3.1 , released on March 11, 2007, was the first release after the start of a massive kernel rewrite, which made many parts more compatible to NT 5.2. This release also features the addition of a Registry library, which greatly improved the Registry support. An easy tool for downloading popular free and Shareware applications also debuted in this release. Version 0.3.2 had been skipped due to many complex blockers, which could not be fixed in the scheduled time frame. The release of ReactOS 0.3.3 on September 12, 2007 brought more improvements in the kernel, bringing many areas closer to NT 5.2. It also brought stability increase in many core modules, especially win32k. ReactOS 0.3.4 , released on January 22, 2008, brought a rewrite of registry support, syncing of DLLs with the Wine project, improved plug'n'play support, improvements to user32, Win32k, many core user mode components, shell32, the Control Panel, and the addition of a remote desktop client. [2] Version 0.3.5 was released on June 30, 2008, contains fixes for many old bugs, some having been present since 0.3 or even earlier and some being regressions introduced in further releases due to rewrites of certain components. [3] Version 0.3.6 , released on August 6, 2008, also contains bug fixes in the kernel and a RTL heap implementation. Note: Unlike stated in the news entry on the website this release does not contain the initial AMD64 support (currently being developed in a separate branch). [4] Version 0.3.7 was released on November 4, 2008; it contains improved support for the x64 architecture and the start of a real MSVC compiler support. This version also includes many bug fixes and new stacks (like network). [5] 0.4 Version 0.4 is expected to have a 50% compatible Windows NT Kernel, SMB support, initial audio support, Winlogon, support for USB input devices, support for the 5 most common network cards, and networking improvement. 0.5 Version 0.5 will be marked as beta rather than alpha
45. osFree (open source OS/2 implementation) OS/2 is a computer operating system , initially created by Microsoft and IBM , then later developed by IBM exclusively. The name stands for "Operating System/2," because it was introduced as part of the same generation change release as IBM's " Personal System/2 (PS/2)" line of second-generation personal computers . OS/2 is no longer marketed by IBM, and IBM standard support for OS/2 was discontinued on 31 December 2006. [1] Currently, Serenity Systems sells OS/2 under the brand name eComStation . OS/2 was intended as a protected mode successor of PC-DOS . Notably, basic system calls were modeled after MS-DOS calls; their names even started with "Dos" and it was possible to create "Family Mode" applications: text mode applications that could work on both systems.Because of this heritage, OS/2 is like Windows in many ways, but it also shares similarities with Unix and Xenix . IBM made a deal with Commodore to license Amiga technology for OS/2 2.0 and above in exchange for the REXX scripting language. This means OS/2 may have code not written by IBM, which can prevent the OS from being open sourced in the future.