The document discusses several open-source and research operating systems, categorized as either Unix-like or non-Unix-like. It provides brief descriptions of each operating system, including their origins, purposes, key features, and status. Some of the operating systems discussed include MINIX, Plan 9, Inferno, OpenSolaris, Linux, Mach, EROS and its successors CapROS and Coyotos, and Nemesis.
Linus Torvalds created the Linux kernel in 1991 as a personal project while he was a student in Finland. It has since grown significantly in popularity and become the most widely used kernel for operating systems. The history of Linux began with Torvalds' work to develop a free and open source operating system. He initially wanted to call it Freax but it became known as Linux. Tux, a penguin character, serves as the official mascot. While Microsoft competes against the Linux business model, their competition has benefited users of both platforms. Performance on desktops was a topic of debate but development has focused on improving that experience in recent years.
Linux is a free and open-source operating system assembled under a collaborative development model. The Linux kernel was first released in 1991 by Linus Torvalds and has since been ported to more hardware platforms than any other OS. Linux is widely used on servers, supercomputers, embedded systems like Android devices, and desktop systems through distributions like Ubuntu that package the kernel with supporting software. It has become popular for use in government, education, and businesses due to its low costs and customizable nature.
Linux is a free and open-source operating system based on Unix. The document provides an overview of Linux and its history. It discusses how Linux was developed by Linus Torvalds in the early 1990s as an alternative to proprietary Unix. Linux gained popularity due to its open-source nature which allowed many programmers to improve the code. The document also summarizes some key Linux distributions like Ubuntu, commands, and concepts such as file structure and time-sharing.
The document discusses various operating systems including Windows, Macintosh, and Linux. It provides details on the history and versions of Windows, including early versions from 1985 to recent versions. It also discusses Macintosh systems introduced by Apple in 1984 and key Apple hardware and software products. Finally, it outlines the history and development of Linux, an open-source operating system, along with its use in servers, mainframes, embedded systems, and other applications.
This document provides an introduction to UNIX/Linux operating systems. It discusses what an operating system is and its main functions. It then covers the history of UNIX, its general characteristics, and popular flavors including Linux. The document outlines the main parts of UNIX like the kernel, shell, and utilities. It compares Linux and Windows and describes UMBC's computing environment including graphical and command line interfaces. Finally, it lists some common programming tools available under Linux.
This document provides an overview of 10 different operating systems: Windows, Linux, Mac OSX, UNIX, BSD OS (OpenBSD), Sun Solaris, AIX, Linux, IRIX/HPUX/others, and DOS. It describes the origins and key features of each OS, such as Windows being introduced by Microsoft in 1985 and becoming the most widely used OS, Linux being an open source alternative to Windows, and UNIX spawning various variants including Linux and BSD.
The document provides an introduction to UNIX and Linux operating systems. It discusses what an operating system is and its main tasks like controlling hardware, running applications, and managing files and data. It then covers the history of UNIX, its characteristics, parts like the kernel and shell, flavors including open source like Linux and proprietary like Solaris, interfaces, and programming tools available in Linux.
Linus Torvalds created the Linux kernel in 1991 as a personal project while he was a student in Finland. It has since grown significantly in popularity and become the most widely used kernel for operating systems. The history of Linux began with Torvalds' work to develop a free and open source operating system. He initially wanted to call it Freax but it became known as Linux. Tux, a penguin character, serves as the official mascot. While Microsoft competes against the Linux business model, their competition has benefited users of both platforms. Performance on desktops was a topic of debate but development has focused on improving that experience in recent years.
Linux is a free and open-source operating system assembled under a collaborative development model. The Linux kernel was first released in 1991 by Linus Torvalds and has since been ported to more hardware platforms than any other OS. Linux is widely used on servers, supercomputers, embedded systems like Android devices, and desktop systems through distributions like Ubuntu that package the kernel with supporting software. It has become popular for use in government, education, and businesses due to its low costs and customizable nature.
Linux is a free and open-source operating system based on Unix. The document provides an overview of Linux and its history. It discusses how Linux was developed by Linus Torvalds in the early 1990s as an alternative to proprietary Unix. Linux gained popularity due to its open-source nature which allowed many programmers to improve the code. The document also summarizes some key Linux distributions like Ubuntu, commands, and concepts such as file structure and time-sharing.
The document discusses various operating systems including Windows, Macintosh, and Linux. It provides details on the history and versions of Windows, including early versions from 1985 to recent versions. It also discusses Macintosh systems introduced by Apple in 1984 and key Apple hardware and software products. Finally, it outlines the history and development of Linux, an open-source operating system, along with its use in servers, mainframes, embedded systems, and other applications.
This document provides an introduction to UNIX/Linux operating systems. It discusses what an operating system is and its main functions. It then covers the history of UNIX, its general characteristics, and popular flavors including Linux. The document outlines the main parts of UNIX like the kernel, shell, and utilities. It compares Linux and Windows and describes UMBC's computing environment including graphical and command line interfaces. Finally, it lists some common programming tools available under Linux.
This document provides an overview of 10 different operating systems: Windows, Linux, Mac OSX, UNIX, BSD OS (OpenBSD), Sun Solaris, AIX, Linux, IRIX/HPUX/others, and DOS. It describes the origins and key features of each OS, such as Windows being introduced by Microsoft in 1985 and becoming the most widely used OS, Linux being an open source alternative to Windows, and UNIX spawning various variants including Linux and BSD.
The document provides an introduction to UNIX and Linux operating systems. It discusses what an operating system is and its main tasks like controlling hardware, running applications, and managing files and data. It then covers the history of UNIX, its characteristics, parts like the kernel and shell, flavors including open source like Linux and proprietary like Solaris, interfaces, and programming tools available in Linux.
This document provides an overview of several operating systems including Unix, Linux, virtual memory, and microkernels. It discusses that Unix originated in the 1960s from the Multics operating system project and details some of its early history. It also explains that Linux began as a personal project by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and has since grown significantly. Additionally, it defines virtual memory as a feature that allows computers to use disk storage for memory overflow and microkernels as minimal software that provides mechanisms for operating systems.
From UNICS To Unix: A brief history: - Early on, in the 1960s and 1970s, every major
computer manufacturer supplied operating system as a proprietary software
Linux is an open-source operating system based on the Linux kernel. It is used widely in servers, desktops, embedded systems, and other devices. The Linux directory structure is organized with key directories like /bin, /etc, /home, /lib, /usr, and /var that contain essential system files, configurations, user files, libraries, applications, and variable/log files respectively. Popular Linux distributions combine the kernel with applications and provide installation and support.
The document provides an overview of Linux, including its history and features. It discusses how Linux originated from the GNU project and was started by Linus Torvalds. Linux is an open source operating system that can run on various platforms. It provides features like multi-user access, multitasking, and security benefits compared to other operating systems. The document also describes the typical Linux desktop environment and popular software applications available for Linux.
The document discusses the history and origins of several major operating systems. It describes how Microsoft DOS and Windows got their names from being disk operating systems and graphical interfaces respectively. It explains that Linux was named after its creator Linus Torvalds and that Ubuntu's name comes from African philosophy. Mac OS was named after the original Apple Macintosh computer, and versions are numbered sequentially. Debian and Red Hat also derived their names from their founders or logos.
Here are the answers to your questions:
1. ANDOS
2. MK-DOS
3. MicroDOS
4. CSI-DOS
5. BKUNIX
6. LoseThos
7. Extremely Reliable Operating System
8. AROS Research Operating System
9. ANDOS
10. BKUNIX
Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), also known as Berkeley Unix, is an operating system derived from Unix developed at the University of California, Berkeley from 1977 to 1995. Key events included the first BSD release in 1977, the addition of virtual memory and networking capabilities, and the release of 4.2BSD and 4.3BSD, which popularized the BSD TCP/IP stack. Variants such as FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD continue development of the BSD operating system today.
Linux is a free and open-source operating system assembled under a collaborative development model. The Linux kernel was first released in 1991 and has since been ported to run on various hardware platforms. It is widely used today for servers, supercomputers, embedded systems like Android, and desktop systems. Common Linux distributions include desktop environments like GNOME or KDE and include applications like Firefox, LibreOffice, and GIMP. Programming languages widely supported on Linux include C, C++, Java, Python, and Perl. The document then discusses advantages of Linux like low cost, stability, flexibility, security, and its open source nature.
Linux was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 based on UNIX. It is an open source operating system with a modular design consisting of the kernel at the core which manages memory, processes, and hardware access. The shell provides a command line interface between users and the kernel while the file system arranges files in a hierarchical structure with everything treated as a file. Common directories include /bin, /sbin, /etc, /dev, /proc, /var, /tmp, /usr, /home, and help is available through man pages or command --help.
The document provides information about the Linux operating system project completed by team X.P which includes five members. It discusses what an operating system is and lists some common operating systems. It then focuses on Linux, describing its history starting from Unix, its uses in various devices, features, and advantages over other operating systems like Windows. Some key advantages highlighted are that Linux is free and open source, highly customizable, secure, and requires low resources.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on the Linux kernel. It was created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds and has since grown significantly through contributions from its worldwide community of developers and users. Linux is commonly used for servers, but also powers many smartphones, smartwatches, and embedded devices. It is free to use and modify under open-source licenses like the GNU GPL.
This document provides an overview of a 2 hour Linux workshop. It will cover the history and architecture of Linux, the file system, basic commands, and software management. No prior Linux experience is necessary. The workshop will focus on Ubuntu but discuss other Linux flavors. It will start with the history of UNIX and the GNU project. It will then cover the Linux kernel, open source software, Ubuntu releases, filesystems like ext3 and ext4, files and directories, basic commands, and installing, removing, and upgrading software using tools like apt, Synaptic, and command line commands.
The document discusses the four layer architecture of UNIX systems: hardware, kernel, shell, and utilities. The kernel is the core component that manages processes, memory allocation, I/O, and communication between hardware and processes. It runs in privileged kernel mode while user programs run in unprivileged user mode. The shell provides an interface for users to interact with the operating system and run commands. Common shell types are Bourne and C shells. Utilities are programs that perform tasks for users like copying files. Multiple shells can run simultaneously to serve different users while only one kernel runs.
This document provides an overview of the Linux operating system, including its history, design principles, and key components. It describes how Linux originated as a small kernel developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and has since grown through collaboration into a full-fledged open source operating system compatible with UNIX standards. The document outlines Linux's modular kernel architecture, use of kernel modules, process and memory management designs, and standards-compliance.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of the Linux operating system. It discusses how Linux originated from earlier operating systems like Unix and was completed using software from the GNU project. Key advantages of Linux mentioned include low cost, stability, performance, flexibility and security. The document also describes the file hierarchy and culture of free software in Linux. It provides examples of commands used in Linux and explains the use of sudo for privilege escalation.
In the presentation I have tried to cover the Evolution of Linux as an Operating System. The most of the content used is freely available on Internet , I have just tried to streamline it and summarize it as cleanly as possible from my point of view. Any improvements, suggestions, comments are most welcom.
This document presents information about the UNIX operating system from a group consisting of 5 members. It provides a brief history of UNIX, noting it was developed in the 1970s at Bell Labs and was intended as a programmer's workbench. The document outlines some key advantages of UNIX, including its portability, multi-tasking abilities, and security features. It also mentions some disadvantages such as its less user-friendly command line interface. In conclusion, it notes UNIX now runs on almost every type of computer.
This document provides an overview of the Linux operating system, including its history and design principles. It describes key components like the Linux kernel, kernel modules, process management, scheduling, and memory management. It discusses how Linux implements features like file systems, input/output, and interprocess communication. The document also covers Linux distributions and licensing. It provides details on the evolution of the Linux kernel from early versions to version 2.0 and beyond, which added support for new architectures and multiprocessor systems.
Evolving a wearables marketing strategy in 2015Prayukth K V
How marketers can work towards integrating wearables such as Apple Smartwatch, Googles Glass and personal healthcare devices into their marketing gameplan
The document discusses several open-source and research operating systems, categorized as either Unix-like or non-Unix-like. It provides descriptions of operating systems such as MINIX, Plan 9 from Bell Labs, Inferno, OpenSolaris, Linux, GNU, Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), Mach, L4, EROS and its successors CapROS and Coyotos, Nemesis, and Singularity. It also mentions researchers involved in developing some of these systems such as Andrew Tanenbaum, Ken Thompson, and Dennis Ritchie.
Mobile Android Applications Portfolio - Lets NurtureJignesh Thanki
Checkout here amazing Portfolio of android applications.One of the best android app development company based in India & UK provide standard quality android apps for your business.
This document provides an overview of several operating systems including Unix, Linux, virtual memory, and microkernels. It discusses that Unix originated in the 1960s from the Multics operating system project and details some of its early history. It also explains that Linux began as a personal project by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and has since grown significantly. Additionally, it defines virtual memory as a feature that allows computers to use disk storage for memory overflow and microkernels as minimal software that provides mechanisms for operating systems.
From UNICS To Unix: A brief history: - Early on, in the 1960s and 1970s, every major
computer manufacturer supplied operating system as a proprietary software
Linux is an open-source operating system based on the Linux kernel. It is used widely in servers, desktops, embedded systems, and other devices. The Linux directory structure is organized with key directories like /bin, /etc, /home, /lib, /usr, and /var that contain essential system files, configurations, user files, libraries, applications, and variable/log files respectively. Popular Linux distributions combine the kernel with applications and provide installation and support.
The document provides an overview of Linux, including its history and features. It discusses how Linux originated from the GNU project and was started by Linus Torvalds. Linux is an open source operating system that can run on various platforms. It provides features like multi-user access, multitasking, and security benefits compared to other operating systems. The document also describes the typical Linux desktop environment and popular software applications available for Linux.
The document discusses the history and origins of several major operating systems. It describes how Microsoft DOS and Windows got their names from being disk operating systems and graphical interfaces respectively. It explains that Linux was named after its creator Linus Torvalds and that Ubuntu's name comes from African philosophy. Mac OS was named after the original Apple Macintosh computer, and versions are numbered sequentially. Debian and Red Hat also derived their names from their founders or logos.
Here are the answers to your questions:
1. ANDOS
2. MK-DOS
3. MicroDOS
4. CSI-DOS
5. BKUNIX
6. LoseThos
7. Extremely Reliable Operating System
8. AROS Research Operating System
9. ANDOS
10. BKUNIX
Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), also known as Berkeley Unix, is an operating system derived from Unix developed at the University of California, Berkeley from 1977 to 1995. Key events included the first BSD release in 1977, the addition of virtual memory and networking capabilities, and the release of 4.2BSD and 4.3BSD, which popularized the BSD TCP/IP stack. Variants such as FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD continue development of the BSD operating system today.
Linux is a free and open-source operating system assembled under a collaborative development model. The Linux kernel was first released in 1991 and has since been ported to run on various hardware platforms. It is widely used today for servers, supercomputers, embedded systems like Android, and desktop systems. Common Linux distributions include desktop environments like GNOME or KDE and include applications like Firefox, LibreOffice, and GIMP. Programming languages widely supported on Linux include C, C++, Java, Python, and Perl. The document then discusses advantages of Linux like low cost, stability, flexibility, security, and its open source nature.
Linux was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 based on UNIX. It is an open source operating system with a modular design consisting of the kernel at the core which manages memory, processes, and hardware access. The shell provides a command line interface between users and the kernel while the file system arranges files in a hierarchical structure with everything treated as a file. Common directories include /bin, /sbin, /etc, /dev, /proc, /var, /tmp, /usr, /home, and help is available through man pages or command --help.
The document provides information about the Linux operating system project completed by team X.P which includes five members. It discusses what an operating system is and lists some common operating systems. It then focuses on Linux, describing its history starting from Unix, its uses in various devices, features, and advantages over other operating systems like Windows. Some key advantages highlighted are that Linux is free and open source, highly customizable, secure, and requires low resources.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on the Linux kernel. It was created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds and has since grown significantly through contributions from its worldwide community of developers and users. Linux is commonly used for servers, but also powers many smartphones, smartwatches, and embedded devices. It is free to use and modify under open-source licenses like the GNU GPL.
This document provides an overview of a 2 hour Linux workshop. It will cover the history and architecture of Linux, the file system, basic commands, and software management. No prior Linux experience is necessary. The workshop will focus on Ubuntu but discuss other Linux flavors. It will start with the history of UNIX and the GNU project. It will then cover the Linux kernel, open source software, Ubuntu releases, filesystems like ext3 and ext4, files and directories, basic commands, and installing, removing, and upgrading software using tools like apt, Synaptic, and command line commands.
The document discusses the four layer architecture of UNIX systems: hardware, kernel, shell, and utilities. The kernel is the core component that manages processes, memory allocation, I/O, and communication between hardware and processes. It runs in privileged kernel mode while user programs run in unprivileged user mode. The shell provides an interface for users to interact with the operating system and run commands. Common shell types are Bourne and C shells. Utilities are programs that perform tasks for users like copying files. Multiple shells can run simultaneously to serve different users while only one kernel runs.
This document provides an overview of the Linux operating system, including its history, design principles, and key components. It describes how Linux originated as a small kernel developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and has since grown through collaboration into a full-fledged open source operating system compatible with UNIX standards. The document outlines Linux's modular kernel architecture, use of kernel modules, process and memory management designs, and standards-compliance.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of the Linux operating system. It discusses how Linux originated from earlier operating systems like Unix and was completed using software from the GNU project. Key advantages of Linux mentioned include low cost, stability, performance, flexibility and security. The document also describes the file hierarchy and culture of free software in Linux. It provides examples of commands used in Linux and explains the use of sudo for privilege escalation.
In the presentation I have tried to cover the Evolution of Linux as an Operating System. The most of the content used is freely available on Internet , I have just tried to streamline it and summarize it as cleanly as possible from my point of view. Any improvements, suggestions, comments are most welcom.
This document presents information about the UNIX operating system from a group consisting of 5 members. It provides a brief history of UNIX, noting it was developed in the 1970s at Bell Labs and was intended as a programmer's workbench. The document outlines some key advantages of UNIX, including its portability, multi-tasking abilities, and security features. It also mentions some disadvantages such as its less user-friendly command line interface. In conclusion, it notes UNIX now runs on almost every type of computer.
This document provides an overview of the Linux operating system, including its history and design principles. It describes key components like the Linux kernel, kernel modules, process management, scheduling, and memory management. It discusses how Linux implements features like file systems, input/output, and interprocess communication. The document also covers Linux distributions and licensing. It provides details on the evolution of the Linux kernel from early versions to version 2.0 and beyond, which added support for new architectures and multiprocessor systems.
Evolving a wearables marketing strategy in 2015Prayukth K V
How marketers can work towards integrating wearables such as Apple Smartwatch, Googles Glass and personal healthcare devices into their marketing gameplan
The document discusses several open-source and research operating systems, categorized as either Unix-like or non-Unix-like. It provides descriptions of operating systems such as MINIX, Plan 9 from Bell Labs, Inferno, OpenSolaris, Linux, GNU, Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), Mach, L4, EROS and its successors CapROS and Coyotos, Nemesis, and Singularity. It also mentions researchers involved in developing some of these systems such as Andrew Tanenbaum, Ken Thompson, and Dennis Ritchie.
Mobile Android Applications Portfolio - Lets NurtureJignesh Thanki
Checkout here amazing Portfolio of android applications.One of the best android app development company based in India & UK provide standard quality android apps for your business.
Reuters: Pictures of the Year 2016 (Part 2)maditabalnco
This document contains 20 photos from news events around the world between January and November 2016. The photos show international events like the US presidential election, the conflict in Ukraine, the migrant crisis in Europe, the Rio Olympics, and more. They also depict human interest stories and natural phenomena from various countries.
The Six Highest Performing B2B Blog Post FormatsBarry Feldman
If your B2B blogging goals include earning social media shares and backlinks to boost your search rankings, this infographic lists the size best approaches.
1) The document discusses the opportunity for technology to improve organizational efficiency and transition economies into a "smart and clean world."
2) It argues that aggregate efficiency has stalled at around 22% for 30 years due to limitations of the Second Industrial Revolution, but that digitizing transport, energy, and communication through technologies like blockchain can help manage resources and increase efficiency.
3) Technologies like precision agriculture, cloud computing, robotics, and autonomous vehicles may allow for "dematerialization" and do more with fewer physical resources through effects like reduced waste and need for transportation/logistics infrastructure.
The document discusses several operating systems including:
1. TUNIS - A Unix clone developed at the University of Toronto in the 1980s that targeted the PDP-11 and Motorola architectures.
2. MINIX - A small open source Unix clone first released in 1987 that is known for inspiring the development of Linux.
3. Plan 9 from Bell Labs - A distributed operating system primarily used for research that represented all system interfaces through the filesystem.
The document provides information about the UNIX operating system. It begins with an introduction to UNIX and defines an operating system. It then discusses key aspects of UNIX like allocating computer resources, built-in task scheduling, the history and development of UNIX over time by researchers at Bell Labs and the University of California, Berkeley. The document also covers different flavors of UNIX, including proprietary and open-source variations, and summarizes the core components and architecture of the UNIX operating system.
Unix is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, developed in the 1970s at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others.
Initially intended for use inside the Bell System, AT&T licensed Unix to outside parties from the late 1970s, leading to a variety of both academic and commercial variants of Unix from vendors such as the University of California, Berkeley (BSD), Microsoft (Xenix), IBM (AIX) and Sun Microsystems (Solaris). AT&T finally sold its rights in Unix to Novell in the early 1990s, which then sold its Unix business to the Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) in 1995,[4] but the UNIX trademark passed to the industry standards consortium The Open Group, which allows the use of the mark for certified operating systems compliant with the Single UNIX Specification. Among these is Apple's OS X, which is the Unix version with the largest installed base as of 2014.
Mac OS X is based on Unix and BSD operating systems. At its core, Mac OS X uses Darwin, which consists of the Unix kernel and associated programs and files. Darwin originated from NeXTStep, which was directly descended from BSD Unix. While Mac OS X shares a common ancestry with Linux and other Unix variants through BSD, it contains proprietary Apple code as well. The use of open source BSD code allowed Apple to build upon an established foundation and developer community while reducing development time.
- Linux originated from the open source software movement started by Richard Stallman and his GNU project in the 1980s. It aimed to create an operating system with source code available to all that could be freely modified and shared.
- Linus Torvalds developed the Linux kernel in 1991 as a hobby. His open source operating system gained popularity and various Linux distributions were later developed by companies and organizations.
- Today Linux powers many servers, embedded systems, and has gained widespread adoption for tasks like web hosting, high-performance computing, and more due to its security, customizability, and low cost. However, it requires more technical expertise from users compared to other operating systems.
The document provides an introduction to the Linux operating system, discussing its origins from the collaborative efforts of many programmers to create a free and open source alternative to commercial UNIX systems. It describes how Linus Torvalds created the initial Linux kernel in 1991 and how it has since been refined by numerous contributors. The summary concludes that Linux has grown from humble beginnings to become a widely used and respected operating system available across many computing platforms.
Linux is a free and open-source operating system assembled under a collaborative development model. It was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and can run on servers, mainframes, supercomputers, and personal computers. Today Linux powers over 90% of the world's fastest supercomputers and has become widely popular for desktops, embedded systems, and more.
Unix-like refers to a diverse family of operating systems that are similar to the original Unix system. This includes major subcategories like System V, BSD, and Linux. Unix systems run on a variety of hardware and are commonly used as servers in business and for workstations in academic and engineering environments. Free and open source Unix variants like Linux and BSD are increasingly popular for both servers and desktops. Over time, free Unix systems have replaced many proprietary Unix systems for tasks like scientific modeling and computer animation.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on the Linux kernel. It began as a personal project by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and has since grown significantly through contributions from developers worldwide. Linux is commonly used for servers, but also increasingly used on desktop computers and embedded devices. It is free to use and modify under open-source licenses like the GNU GPL. Major Linux distributions integrate the Linux kernel with software from the GNU Project.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on the Linux kernel. It was created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds and has since grown significantly through contributions from its worldwide community of developers and users. Linux can run on a variety of hardware and is commonly used for servers, though it also powers some desktop and mobile devices. Major Linux distributions integrate the Linux kernel with other open-source software.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on the Linux kernel. It began as a personal project by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and has since grown into one of the most widely used operating systems. Linux is commonly used for servers, but also runs on desktops, smartphones, and other devices. It is developed collaboratively by programmers worldwide and is distributed through Linux distributions like Ubuntu, Fedora, and Debian.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on the Linux kernel. It began as a personal project by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and has since grown into one of the most widely used operating systems. Linux is commonly used for servers but also runs on desktops, smartphones, and other devices. It is developed collaboratively by programmers worldwide and is distributed through Linux distributions like Ubuntu which package Linux alongside other free and open-source software.
Every time you switch on your computer, you see a screen where you can perform different activities like write, browse the internet or watch a video. What is it that makes the computer hardware work like that? How does the processor on your computer know that you are asking it to run a mp3 file?
Well, it is the operating system or the kernel which does this work. A kernel is a program at the heart of any operating system that takes care of fundamental stuff, like letting hardware communicate with software.
So, to work on your computer you need an operating system (OS). In fact, you are using one as you read on your computer. Now, you may have used popular OS’s like Windows, Apple OS X but here we see what Linux is and what benefits it offers over other OS choices.
- OpenSolaris is an open source version of the Solaris operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems. It includes code from Solaris and various open source software.
- The OpenSolaris project was launched in 2004 to build a developer and user community around the Solaris open source code. Key parts of the Solaris system code were released under an open source license between 2005-2008.
- OpenSolaris releases include desktop and server features like the GNOME desktop, ZFS storage, and DTrace debugging tool. Future versions of the commercial Solaris will be based on OpenSolaris.
OpenSolaris is an open source version of the Solaris operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems that includes desktop, server, and development software. The Caiman Project aims to develop an updated installation experience for OpenSolaris with simplified graphical and text interfaces and support for virtual machine images and automated installations. Key features of OpenSolaris include the ZFS file system, virtualization technologies like containers and virtual machines, and tools for system administration, development, and desktop use.
OpenSolaris is an open source version of the Solaris operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems that includes desktop, server, and development software. The Caiman Project aims to develop an updated installation experience for OpenSolaris with simplified graphical and text interfaces and support for virtual machine images and automated installations. Key features of OpenSolaris include the ZFS file system, virtualization technologies like containers and virtual machines, and tools for system administration, development, and desktop use.
OpenSolaris is an open source version of the Solaris operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems that includes desktop, server, and development software. The Caiman Project aims to develop an updated installation experience for OpenSolaris with simplified graphical and text interfaces and support for virtual machine images and automated installations. Key features of OpenSolaris include the ZFS file system, virtualization technologies like containers and virtual machines, and tools for system administration, development, and desktop use.
- OpenSolaris is an open source version of the Solaris operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems. It includes code from Solaris and various open source software.
- The OpenSolaris project aims to develop the operating system collaboratively with the community. Sun contributed code under an open source license and future versions of Solaris will be based on OpenSolaris.
- Notable releases include OpenSolaris 2008 which included the GNOME desktop environment and the ZFS snapshotting Time Slider feature, as well as preinstallations on Toshiba laptops in 2008-2009. The Caiman project is developing an updated installation experience.
OpenSolaris is an open source version of the Solaris operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems that includes desktop, server, and development software. The Caiman Project aims to develop an updated installation experience for OpenSolaris with simplified graphical and text interfaces and support for virtual machine images and automated installations. Key features of OpenSolaris include the ZFS file system, virtualization technologies like containers and virtual machines, and tools for system administration, development, and desktop use.
Linux is an open-source operating system that runs on various hardware platforms. It was created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds and is developed collaboratively by its community of users and developers. Linux exists in many different distributions, or "distros", that package the Linux kernel along with other software. Popular distros include Ubuntu, Fedora, openSUSE, Debian, and Arch Linux. Linux is widely used for servers, mainframes, embedded systems, and as an alternative to Windows on desktop computers and laptops. It offers advantages like open source access, customizability, security, and reliability.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
4. TUNIS (TORONTO UNIVERSITY SYSTEM) IS A PORTABLE OPERATING SYSTEM THAT IS COMPATIBLE WITH VERSION 7 OF UNIX (A WESTERN ELECTRIC TRADEMARK). IN GENERAL A PROGRAM THAT EXECUTES UNDER THE UNIX "KERNEL" CAN AS WELL RUN UNDER TUNIS. THE FORMAT OF TUNIS FILES IS THE SAME AS THAT OF UNIX, SO TUNIS AND UNIX SHOULD BE TRANSPARENTLY INTERCHANGEABLE (EXCEPT FOR MINOR CAVEATS).
10. Date Release Comment 1996 Inferno Beta Released by Bell Labs May 1997 Inferno Release 1.0 Winter 1997 Bell Labs Technical Journal Article July 1999 Inferno 2nd Edition Released by Lucent's Inferno Business Unit June 2001 Inferno 3rd Edition Released by Vitanuova 2004 Inferno 4th Edition Open Source release; changes to many interfaces (incompatible with earlier editions); includes support for 9P2000.
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17. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY SINILOAN (HOST) CAMPUS SINILOAN, LAGUNA COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES ASSOCIATE in INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
20. is the Unix operating system derivative developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group of the University of California, Berkeley, from 1977 to 1995.
22. is a computer operating system composed entirely of free software. Its name is a recursive acronym for GNU's Not Unix ; it was chosen because its design is Unix-like,
23. but differs from Unix by being free software and containing no Unix code. Development of GNU was initiated by Richard Stallman and was the original focus of the Free Software Foundation (FSF).
25. is a generic term referring to Unix-like computer operating systems based on the Linux kernel. Their development is one of the most prominent examples of free and
26. open source software collaboration; typically all the underlying source code can be used, freely modified, and redistributed by anyone under the terms of the GNU GPL license.
30. was a community-led operating system based on the Darwin platform. It was founded in April 2002 by Apple Inc. and Internet Systems Consortium.
31. Its goal was to increase collaboration between Apple developers and the free software community. Apple theoretically benefited
32. from the project because improvements to Open Darwin would be incorporated into Darwin releases; and the free/open source community supposedly benefited
33. from being given complete control over its own operating system, which could then be used in free software distributions such as GNU-Darwin
35. is an open source operating system based on Sun Microsystems' Solaris. It is also the name of the project initiated by Sun to build a developer and user community around it.
36. OpenSolaris is derived from the Unix System V Release 4 code base, with significant modifications made by Sun since it bought the rights to that code in 1994.
48. was an operating system with a microkernel architecture, with all device drivers and file systems residing in user space mode. It is mostly POSIX compliant, except when POSIX compatibility got in the way of
49. extensibility and modularity. It was conceptually inspired by QNX and Plan 9. Written by Andy Valencia, and released under the GPL license. Currently the licensing for VSTa is Copy left.
50. THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!! Ms. Chrestabel F. Lamina Mr. For-Ian V. Sandoval Computer Instructor
52. Amoeba ( research OS by Andrew S.Tanenbaum ) Amoeba was an experimental , microkernel-based distributed operating system developed by Andrew S.Tanenbaum and others at the Vrije Universiteit . The aim of the Amoeba project was to build a timesharing system that made an entire network of computers appear to the user as a single machine. Development seems to have stalled: the files in the latest version (5.3) were last modified on the 12 February 2001.Amoeba ran on several platforms, including i386 , Sun-3 and SPARC.
53. Croquet The Croquet Project is an international effort to promote the continued development of Croquet, a free software platform and a network operating system for developing and delivering deeply collaborative multi-user online applications . Croquet was specifically designed to enable the creation and low-cost deployment of large scale metaverses .
54. House Haskell User's Operating System and Environment, research OS written in Haskell and C. House is an acronym for the Haskell User's Operating System and Environment. It is an experimental operating system written in Haskell. It was written to explore system programming in a functional programming language. It includes a graphical user interface, several demos, and its network protocol stack provides basic support for Ethernet, IPv4, ARP, DHCP, ICMP (ping), UDP, TFTP, and TCP.
55. l ILIOS Research OS designed for routing ILIOS stands for Inter Link Internet Operating System. It is an attempt to create an operating system specifically oriented towards networking purposes (especially routing). It supports IPv4 routing and is a good educational OS (even though it is single tasking and does everything via interrupts). The author of this research OS is Rink Springer, it is released under the BSD License. Springer is also responsible for porting FreeBSD to the Xbox.
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57. Work on EROS by the original group has halted, but there are two successor systems. The CapROS system is building directly from the EROS code base, while the Coyotos system is a successor system that addresses some of the architectural deficiencies of EROS, and is exploring (as research) the possibility of a fully verified operating system.
58. Capros Capros may refer to: CapROS, an open source computer operating system Capros (fish), a genus of fish, of the Caproidae family Coyotos Coyotos is a operating system capability-based security-focused microkernel being developed at the Johns Hopkins University's Systems Research Laboratory. It is a successor to the EROS system. Coyotos is considered by its creators to be an "evolutionary step" beyond the EROS operating system, which in turn was derived from KeyKOS. The primary developer of EROS was Jonathan Shapiro, and he is also a driving force behind Coyotos.
59. L4 L4 is a family of second-generation microkernels based on the original designs and implementations by Jochen Liedtke in highly tuned Intel i386-specific assembly language code. Since then the API has seen dramatic development in a number of directions, both in achieving a higher grade of platform independence and also in improving security, isolation, and robustness. There have been various re-implementations of the original binary L4 kernel interface (ABI) and its higher level successors, including L4Ka::Pistachio (Uni Karlsruhe), L4/MIPS (UNSW) and Fiasco (TU Dresden). For this reason, the name L4 has been generalized and no longer only refers to Jochen's original implementation. It now applies to the whole microkernel family including the L4 kernelinterface and its different versions.
60. Mach Mach (kernel), search Mach is an operating system microkernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University to support operating system research, primarily distributed and parallel computation. It is one of the earliest examples of a microkernel, and still the standard by which similar projects are measured. Today further experimental research on Mach appears ended, although Mach and its derivatives are in use in a number of commercial operating systems, such as NEXTSTEP and OPENSTEP, and most notably Mac OS X (using the XNU kernel).
61. Mach started largely as an effort to produce a cleanly-defined, UNIX-based, highly portable Accent. The result was a short list of generic concepts: -a "task" is a set of resources that enable "threads" to run -a "thread" is a single unit of code running on a processor -a "port" defines a secure pipe for IPC between tasks -"messages" are passed between programs on ports
62. MONADS In functional programming , a monad is a kind of abstract data type used to represent computations (instead of data in the domain model ). Programs written in functional style can make use of monads to structure procedures that include sequenced operations, or to define arbitrary control flows (like handling concurrency , continuations , or exceptions ). Formally, a monad is constructed by defining two operations bind and return and a type constructor M that must fulfill several properties. These properties make possible the correct composition of functions that use values from the monad as their arguments (so called monadic functions).
63.
64. Nemesis Nemesis is an operating system designed by the University of Cambridge , the University of Glasgow , the Swedish Institute of Computer Science and Citrix Systems . Nemesis was conceived with multimedia uses in mind. In a microkernel environment, an application is typically implemented by a number of processes, most of which are servers performing work on behalf of more than one client. This leads to enormous difficulty in accounting for resource usage. In a kerne l-based system, multimedia applications spend most of their time in the kernel, leading to similar problems.
65. The guiding principle in the design of Nemesis was to structure the operating system in such a way that the majority of code could execute in the application process itself. Nemesis therefore had an extremely small lightweight kernel and performed most operating system functions in shared libraries, which executed in the user's process. The ISAs that Nemesis supports include x86 ( Intel 486 , Pentium, Pentium Pro, and Pentium 2), Alpha AXP (DEC Alpha), and ARM (StrongARM SA-110). Nemesis also runs on evaluation boards (21064 and 21164).
66. Singularity Singularity is a Microsoft Research project started in 2003 to build a highly-dependable operating system in which the kernel , device drivers , and applications are all written in managed code . The lowest-level x86 interrupt dispatch code is written in assembly language and C . Once this code has done its job, it calls the kernel, whose runtime and garbage collector are written in C# and run in unsafe mode . The hardware abstraction layer is written in C++ and runs in safe mode . There is also some C code to handle debugging. The computer's BIOS is only called during the 16-bit real-mode bootstrap stage; once in 32-bit mode, Singularity never calls the BIOS again, but rather calls device drivers written in C#. During installation, CIL opcodes of the C# kernel are compiled into x86 opcodes using the Bartok compiler .
67. Spring Spring was an experimental microkernel-based object oriented operating system developed at Sun Microsystems in the early 1990s. Using technology substantially similar to concepts developed in the Mach kernel , Spring concentrated on providing a richer programming environment supporting multiple inheritance and other features. Spring was also more cleanly separated from the operating systems it would host, divorcing it from its Unix roots and even allowing several OSes to be run at the same time. Development faded out in the mid-1990s, but several ideas and some code from the project was later re-used in the Java programming language libraries and the Solaris operating system .
68. V The V operating system (sometimes written V-System, not to be confused with System V ) is a microkernel operating system that was developed by faculty and students in the Distributed Systems Group at Stanford University in the 1980s, led primarily by Prof. David Cheriton . V was the successor to the Thoth and Verax operating systems that Cheriton had worked on previously. The original V terminology uses "process" for what is now commonly called a " thread ", and "team" for what is now commonly called a " process " consisting of multiple threads sharing an address space, but this article will use modern terminology.
69. The key concepts in V are multithreading and synchronous message passing . Communication between threads in V uses synchronous message passing, with short, fixed-length messages that can include access rights for the receiver to read or write part of the sender's address space before replying. The same message-passing interface is used both between threads within one process, between threads of different processes within one machine, and between threads on different machines connected by a local Ethernet .
73. FreeDOS FreeDOS (formerly Free-DOS and PD-DOS) is an operating system for IBM PCcompatible computers. FreeDOS is made up of many different, separate programs that act as "packages" to the overall FreeDOS Project. As a member of the DOS family, it provides mainly disk access through its kernel , and partial memory managemen t, but no default GUI (although OpenGEM is listed on the official FreeDOS website). FreeDOS is currently at version 1.0, released on September 3 , 2006 .
74. FreeDOS supports vintage hardware IBM PC as well as modern ones, in addition to embedded computer . Unlike MS-DOS , it is composed of free and open sourc software , licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). It does not require license fees or royalties and creation of custom distributions is permitted. However, in its "util" section it includes also non-free software such as 4DOS .
75. FreeVMS FreeVMS is a free software clone of VMS computer operating system , licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License . As of 2008, the project is in the early stages of development. The latest version is 0.3.11. It consists of a kernel (planned to be POSIX -compliant[ citation needed ] and a DCL command line interpreter .
76. Haiku Haiku, formerly known as OpenBeOS, is a free and open source software project dedicated to the re-creation and continuation of BeOS on x86 and PowerPC based computers. The name “Haiku” intends to reflect the elegance and simplicity that attracted many to the BeOS platform, and is also a direct reference to the distinctive haiku error messages found in NetPositive , the default BeOS web browser, and many other Be applications. Inc.Haiku. , a non-profit organization based in Rochester, New York, was founded in 2003 by former project leader Michael Phipps to support the project and the development of the Haiku operating system.
77. ReactOS ReactOS is a computer operating system intended to be binary compatible with application software and device drivers made for Microsoft Windows NT versions 5.x and up ( Windows 2000 and its successors). It is composed entirely of free software , by means of a complete clean room reverse engineering process.
78. osFree Osfree (OS/2) is a computer operating system , initially created by Microsoft and IBM , then later developed by IBM exclusively. The name stands for "Operating System/2," because it was introduced as part of the same generation change release as IBM's " Personal System/2 (PS/2)" line of second-generation personal computers . OS/2 is no longer marketed by IBM, and IBM standard support for OS/2 was discontinued on 31 December 2006. Currently, Serenity Systems sells OS/2 under the brand name eComStation .