MEMBERS
Abanid, Caroline C.
Abarquez,Genesis Kyle E.
Agbay, Tella Mae B.
Alberto, Shekinah Grace M.
Alera, Jian Jeremy M.
Alvarez, Arvy Islah L.
Ambino, Trisha Ann D.
3.
INTRODUCTION TO REASONING
Definitionof Reasoning
The process of using logic to draw
conclusions from given information.
Importance in Critical Thinking: Essential for
making decisions, solving problems, and
understanding the world around us.
4.
143 INDUCTIVE REASONING
•Definition: Reasoning that moves from specific
instances to a general conclusion.
• Characteristics
• Bottom-up approach
• Conclusions are probable but not guaranteed
• Example: Observing that the sun has risen every day in
the past leads to the conclusion that it will rise
tomorrow.
5.
143 DEDUCTIVE REASONING
•Definition: Reasoning that moves from a general
statement to a specific conclusion.
• Characteristics:
• Top-down approach
• Conclusions are certain if the premises are true
• Example: If all birds can fly and a penguin is a bird,
then a penguin can fly.
6.
COMPARISON OF INDUCTIVEAND DEDUCTIVE
REASONING
• Similarities: Both involve drawing conclusions from
premises.
• Differences
• Inductive: Conclusions are probable but not guaranteed.
• Deductive: Conclusions are certain if the premises are
true.
7.
EXAMPLES OF INDUCTIVEREASONING
• 1: Observing that all swans you have seen are white, you
conclude that all swans are white.
• 2: After several experiments, you conclude that a certain
chemical reaction always produces the same result.
8.
EXAMPLES OF DEDUCTIVEREASONING
• 1: Christmas is always Dec. 25th; today is Dec. 25th, therefore
it's Christmas.
• 2: It's dangerous to drive on icy streets. The streets are icy
now, so it would be dangerous to drive on the streets.
9.
APPLICATIONS OF INDUCTIVEAND DEDUCTIVE
REASONING
• Science: Used in experiments and observations.
• Mathematics: Used in proofs and theorems.
• Everyday Life: Making decisions, solving problems,
and understanding arguments.
10.
CONCLUSION
• Summary: Bothinductive and deductive reasoning are
fundamental tools in logical thinking.
• Importance: Understanding the differences and
when to use each type of reasoning is crucial for
effective reasoning and decision-making.
