GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP)
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GDP-indicator of the economic health of a country.also shows the graph of Pakistan GDP Growth Rate (2006-2014 ).
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Gdp deflator and its implication in indian context
The GDP deflator measures the level of prices of all final goods and services produced in an economy compared to a base year. It is calculated by dividing the nominal GDP by the real GDP and multiplying by 100. The nominal GDP includes current market prices, while the real GDP accounts for inflation/deflation. In India, the GDP deflator is reported by the Ministry of Statistics and Implementation and measures price changes unlike the CPI which uses a fixed basket. India's GDP deflator was highest at 146.5 in 2011 but has fallen to 119.5 currently due partly to demonetization slowing economic activity and consumer prices.
37 r. muthu krishnaveni
GDP, or gross domestic product, is a measure of the total value of goods and services produced in a country over a period of time, usually one year. It is calculated by adding private consumption, gross investment, government spending, government investment, and exports and subtracting imports. GDP can be measured in nominal terms using current prices or in real terms using fixed base year prices. India's nominal GDP has increased from $1,675 billion in 2010 to an estimated $2,726 billion in 2018, while real GDP growth has averaged around 7% annually over this period. The IMF projects India's GDP will continue growing to over $4 trillion by 2022 and nearly $5 trillion by 2024.
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1. National income is defined as the total market value of final goods and services produced in an economy in a given period of time. It measures the size of the economy and economic performance.
2. National income needs to be studied to trace economic growth trends, understand the structure of the economy, formulate development plans and policies, and make international comparisons.
3. National income aggregates are measured at current prices and constant prices to allow for inflationary comparisons over time.
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The document discusses key economic concepts including gross domestic product (GDP), which measures a country's total economic output; supply and demand, which determines price in a market; unemployment, which refers to willing and able workers without jobs; and productivity, which is a measure of output per input in a production process.
Gdp+deflator+vs+cpi
GDP deflator and CPI are both used to measure inflation in an economy. GDP deflator measures the price changes of all goods and services produced in the economy, while CPI measures the price changes of goods and services purchased by households. CPI is more focused on consumer prices and assigns fixed weights to goods, so it can overstate inflation, while GDP deflator assigns changing weights and may understate inflation. Both measures generally agree on the overall inflation trend, but may diverge in specific cases like a crop failure, which would impact CPI more than GDP deflator.
Gross National Product
The document presents information about the economy of Pakistan. It discusses key economic indicators such as GDP, GDP growth rate, GDP per capita, inflation rate, population below the poverty line, labor force, unemployment rate, top industries, ease of doing business ranking, exports, export partners, imports, import partners, public finances including debt, revenues and expenses, and credit ratings. It provides an overview of Pakistan's economy in terms of size, sectors, trade, and fiscal situation.
Introduction to GDP
This document provides an introduction to GDP (gross domestic product) including its definition, components, and methods of calculation. GDP is defined as the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a nation’s borders in a given year. It has four main components: consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. GDP can be calculated using two methods - based on economic activity at factor cost or based on expenditures at market prices. Both nominal GDP and real GDP are calculated to account for inflation. India's nominal GDP in 2017 was $2,597.49 billion, representing 4.19% of the global economy.
Gross Domestic Product
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has defined gross domestic product as “an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs).”
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Gdp deflator and its implication in indian context
The GDP deflator measures the level of prices of all final goods and services produced in an economy compared to a base year. It is calculated by dividing the nominal GDP by the real GDP and multiplying by 100. The nominal GDP includes current market prices, while the real GDP accounts for inflation/deflation. In India, the GDP deflator is reported by the Ministry of Statistics and Implementation and measures price changes unlike the CPI which uses a fixed basket. India's GDP deflator was highest at 146.5 in 2011 but has fallen to 119.5 currently due partly to demonetization slowing economic activity and consumer prices.
37 r. muthu krishnaveni
GDP, or gross domestic product, is a measure of the total value of goods and services produced in a country over a period of time, usually one year. It is calculated by adding private consumption, gross investment, government spending, government investment, and exports and subtracting imports. GDP can be measured in nominal terms using current prices or in real terms using fixed base year prices. India's nominal GDP has increased from $1,675 billion in 2010 to an estimated $2,726 billion in 2018, while real GDP growth has averaged around 7% annually over this period. The IMF projects India's GDP will continue growing to over $4 trillion by 2022 and nearly $5 trillion by 2024.
Presentation on national income
1. National income is defined as the total market value of final goods and services produced in an economy in a given period of time. It measures the size of the economy and economic performance.
2. National income needs to be studied to trace economic growth trends, understand the structure of the economy, formulate development plans and policies, and make international comparisons.
3. National income aggregates are measured at current prices and constant prices to allow for inflationary comparisons over time.
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The document discusses key economic concepts including gross domestic product (GDP), which measures a country's total economic output; supply and demand, which determines price in a market; unemployment, which refers to willing and able workers without jobs; and productivity, which is a measure of output per input in a production process.
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GDP deflator and CPI are both used to measure inflation in an economy. GDP deflator measures the price changes of all goods and services produced in the economy, while CPI measures the price changes of goods and services purchased by households. CPI is more focused on consumer prices and assigns fixed weights to goods, so it can overstate inflation, while GDP deflator assigns changing weights and may understate inflation. Both measures generally agree on the overall inflation trend, but may diverge in specific cases like a crop failure, which would impact CPI more than GDP deflator.
Gross National Product
The document presents information about the economy of Pakistan. It discusses key economic indicators such as GDP, GDP growth rate, GDP per capita, inflation rate, population below the poverty line, labor force, unemployment rate, top industries, ease of doing business ranking, exports, export partners, imports, import partners, public finances including debt, revenues and expenses, and credit ratings. It provides an overview of Pakistan's economy in terms of size, sectors, trade, and fiscal situation.
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This document provides an introduction to GDP (gross domestic product) including its definition, components, and methods of calculation. GDP is defined as the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a nation’s borders in a given year. It has four main components: consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. GDP can be calculated using two methods - based on economic activity at factor cost or based on expenditures at market prices. Both nominal GDP and real GDP are calculated to account for inflation. India's nominal GDP in 2017 was $2,597.49 billion, representing 4.19% of the global economy.
Gross Domestic Product
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has defined gross domestic product as “an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs).”
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GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
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The document discusses key economic indicators used to measure economic performance including GDP, unemployment, and inflation. It defines GDP as the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in one year. GDP is used to measure economic growth, while unemployment and inflation are also important indicators. The document provides details on how GDP is calculated and what activities are included and excluded from the calculation.
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This document discusses real GDP, nominal GDP, and the GDP deflator. Real GDP is output valued at constant prices, reflecting only changes in quantity, while nominal GDP uses current prices and reflects changes in both quantity and price. The GDP deflator measures inflation as the ratio of nominal GDP to real GDP. While GDP measures economic output, it has limitations as a welfare indicator since it does not account for distribution of output or externalities.
GDP in Indian scenario
GDP is the most widely used measure of a nation's economic performance. It measures the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given period, usually one year. GDP is commonly calculated using the expenditure method, which adds up consumption (C), gross investment (I), government spending (G), and net exports (exports - imports). Nominal GDP uses current prices while real GDP adjusts for inflation to reflect the quantity of goods and services produced. While GDP provides useful information, it has limitations as it does not account for non-monetary activities or factors like income distribution and environmental degradation.
Answer 10
1. Real GDP is not the same as societal well-being. Regulations that lower real GDP could increase overall welfare if they improve health more than they reduce GDP. Costs and benefits of regulations should be compared.
2. National saving does not change when consumption declines and GDP declines by the same amount, as income and spending both fall equally.
3. In a planned economy, prices may not reflect market value, causing inaccuracies in GDP. Measured GDP could be too high if prices are too low, or too low if prices are too high. Analysts could estimate "shadow prices" to adjust GDP calculations.
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The document defines GDP and its components. GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year. It has four main components: consumption (C), investment (I), government spending (G), and net exports (X). The formula for calculating GDP is GDP=C+I+G+X. Nominal GDP includes inflation, while real GDP is adjusted for inflation. An example shows how to calculate GDP given values for C, I, G, and X. The components of GDP like consumption, investment, and government spending are also defined. GDP impacts economic activities like business planning, currency values, government policies, and interest rates.
GDP trends in India
1) India has experienced rising real GDP growth over time, but the composition of GDP has shifted significantly between sectors.
2) Specifically, the agriculture sector's contribution to GDP has declined substantially as the industry and services sectors have grown.
3) GDP is an imperfect measure of economic welfare as it does not account for income distribution, environmental damage, or non-monetized activities that contribute to well-being. Improvements in key areas like governance, education, infrastructure are needed to further increase India's GDP.
Answer 4
The document summarizes key concepts in national income accounting:
1) The three approaches to calculating national income (product, income, expenditure) all yield the same result as they are designed to account for the same economic activity from different perspectives.
2) GDP measures the total market value of final goods and services produced, using market prices to add up different types of output, though some goods like homemaking are not fully captured.
3) Intermediate goods used in production are not counted in GDP, only the value of final goods, to avoid double counting along the production process.
4) GNP differs from GDP by accounting for income earned domestically by foreign factors of production and income earned abroad by domestic factors.
Trend Of GDP In India
GDP is a measure of the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year. It can be calculated using the production, income, or expenditure approach and should give the same result. The document provides GDP growth rates for India from 2000 to 2014, showing a general increasing trend with the exception of a dip in 2013. Key sectors that contribute to India's GDP are agriculture at 18.5%, industry at 26.4% and services now accounting for over half at 55.1%.
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The document provides an overview of key economic concepts related to measuring national output and income, including:
1) It defines Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. GDP is calculated using the expenditure and income approaches.
2) The expenditure approach sums consumer spending (C), private investment (I), government spending (G), and net exports (X-M). The income approach sums wages, rents, profits, and other factor incomes.
3) Gross National Product (GNP) differs from GDP by including income from domestic factors working abroad, less income to foreign factors working domestically.
4) Real
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The document discusses GDP in an open economy with government. It covers how government spending, taxes, and the budget surplus/deficit affect aggregate demand. A budget surplus occurs when tax revenues exceed spending, while a deficit is when spending exceeds revenues. The net export function is negatively sloped, as imports increase with national income. Equilibrium GDP occurs when aggregate demand equals output. The size of the multiplier is affected by tax rates and import propensities. An increase in government spending shifts the aggregate demand curve up, increasing equilibrium GDP.
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The document discusses various macroeconomic concepts related to measuring total production and income, including:
1) GDP measures the total value of final goods and services produced in an economy in a given period, usually a year.
2) Real GDP measures output in constant dollar terms to account for inflation, while nominal GDP uses current prices.
3) Components of GDP include consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports.
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This document discusses nominal and real gross national product (GNP). Nominal GNP measures total output at current prices, while real GNP adjusts for inflation by using constant prices from a base year. To calculate real GNP, nominal GNP is divided by the GNP deflator, which is a price index that shows inflation. Comparing nominal and real GNP allows economists to distinguish between changes in output versus changes due to price inflation. Real GNP provides a more accurate view of economic growth by filtering out the effects of rising prices.
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Nominal vs Real Numbers
While nominal GDP reflects changes in both production quantities and prices, real GDP accounts only for changes in production quantities by adjusting for inflation using a base year. To compare GDP between years and understand changes in production versus prices, real GDP is used. The GDP deflator is a measure of inflation as it reflects only price changes, calculated by taking the nominal GDP of a year divided by its real GDP, then multiplied by 100.
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Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total value of goods and services produced within a country in a year. Nominal GDP is unadjusted for inflation, while real GDP adjusts for inflation to reflect true economic growth. GDP and real GDP per capita can be used to measure and compare living standards and economic output between countries.
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GDP, or gross domestic product, is used to measure the size and health of a country's economy. It represents the total value of all goods and services produced within a country over a period of time, usually a year. There are three main approaches to calculating GDP: production, income, and expenditure. The production approach measures the total value of goods and services produced. The income approach sums various sources of incomes, such as wages, profits, and taxes. The expenditure approach sums consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. The document provides GDP data and growth rates for Pakistan from 1960 to 2014, showing periods of higher and lower economic growth. It also compares Pakistan's GDP growth to India's over recent decades.
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It is presentaion which tells everything about GDP and its trend in India taken limitations to the advanteges.
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
This document defines and explains key concepts related to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It discusses the history and development of GDP as an economic measure, provides the standard formula for calculating GDP, and compares nominal GDP to real GDP. Examples are given of GDP calculations for India from 1970-2015 to show economic growth rates over time. Limitations of GDP as a measure are also outlined.
Gross Domestic Product
The document discusses key economic indicators used to measure economic performance including GDP, unemployment, and inflation. It defines GDP as the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in one year. GDP is used to measure economic growth, while unemployment and inflation are also important indicators. The document provides details on how GDP is calculated and what activities are included and excluded from the calculation.
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This document discusses real GDP, nominal GDP, and the GDP deflator. Real GDP is output valued at constant prices, reflecting only changes in quantity, while nominal GDP uses current prices and reflects changes in both quantity and price. The GDP deflator measures inflation as the ratio of nominal GDP to real GDP. While GDP measures economic output, it has limitations as a welfare indicator since it does not account for distribution of output or externalities.
GDP in Indian scenario
GDP is the most widely used measure of a nation's economic performance. It measures the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given period, usually one year. GDP is commonly calculated using the expenditure method, which adds up consumption (C), gross investment (I), government spending (G), and net exports (exports - imports). Nominal GDP uses current prices while real GDP adjusts for inflation to reflect the quantity of goods and services produced. While GDP provides useful information, it has limitations as it does not account for non-monetary activities or factors like income distribution and environmental degradation.
Answer 10
1. Real GDP is not the same as societal well-being. Regulations that lower real GDP could increase overall welfare if they improve health more than they reduce GDP. Costs and benefits of regulations should be compared.
2. National saving does not change when consumption declines and GDP declines by the same amount, as income and spending both fall equally.
3. In a planned economy, prices may not reflect market value, causing inaccuracies in GDP. Measured GDP could be too high if prices are too low, or too low if prices are too high. Analysts could estimate "shadow prices" to adjust GDP calculations.
GDP presentation (shahmeer&;usman)
The document defines GDP and its components. GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year. It has four main components: consumption (C), investment (I), government spending (G), and net exports (X). The formula for calculating GDP is GDP=C+I+G+X. Nominal GDP includes inflation, while real GDP is adjusted for inflation. An example shows how to calculate GDP given values for C, I, G, and X. The components of GDP like consumption, investment, and government spending are also defined. GDP impacts economic activities like business planning, currency values, government policies, and interest rates.
GDP trends in India
1) India has experienced rising real GDP growth over time, but the composition of GDP has shifted significantly between sectors.
2) Specifically, the agriculture sector's contribution to GDP has declined substantially as the industry and services sectors have grown.
3) GDP is an imperfect measure of economic welfare as it does not account for income distribution, environmental damage, or non-monetized activities that contribute to well-being. Improvements in key areas like governance, education, infrastructure are needed to further increase India's GDP.
Answer 4
The document summarizes key concepts in national income accounting:
1) The three approaches to calculating national income (product, income, expenditure) all yield the same result as they are designed to account for the same economic activity from different perspectives.
2) GDP measures the total market value of final goods and services produced, using market prices to add up different types of output, though some goods like homemaking are not fully captured.
3) Intermediate goods used in production are not counted in GDP, only the value of final goods, to avoid double counting along the production process.
4) GNP differs from GDP by accounting for income earned domestically by foreign factors of production and income earned abroad by domestic factors.
Trend Of GDP In India
GDP is a measure of the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year. It can be calculated using the production, income, or expenditure approach and should give the same result. The document provides GDP growth rates for India from 2000 to 2014, showing a general increasing trend with the exception of a dip in 2013. Key sectors that contribute to India's GDP are agriculture at 18.5%, industry at 26.4% and services now accounting for over half at 55.1%.
Chap9
The document provides an overview of key economic concepts related to measuring national output and income, including:
1) It defines Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. GDP is calculated using the expenditure and income approaches.
2) The expenditure approach sums consumer spending (C), private investment (I), government spending (G), and net exports (X-M). The income approach sums wages, rents, profits, and other factor incomes.
3) Gross National Product (GNP) differs from GDP by including income from domestic factors working abroad, less income to foreign factors working domestically.
4) Real
GDP in an open economy with govt
The document discusses GDP in an open economy with government. It covers how government spending, taxes, and the budget surplus/deficit affect aggregate demand. A budget surplus occurs when tax revenues exceed spending, while a deficit is when spending exceeds revenues. The net export function is negatively sloped, as imports increase with national income. Equilibrium GDP occurs when aggregate demand equals output. The size of the multiplier is affected by tax rates and import propensities. An increase in government spending shifts the aggregate demand curve up, increasing equilibrium GDP.
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The document discusses various macroeconomic concepts related to measuring total production and income, including:
1) GDP measures the total value of final goods and services produced in an economy in a given period, usually a year.
2) Real GDP measures output in constant dollar terms to account for inflation, while nominal GDP uses current prices.
3) Components of GDP include consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports.
Nominal and real GNP
This document discusses nominal and real gross national product (GNP). Nominal GNP measures total output at current prices, while real GNP adjusts for inflation by using constant prices from a base year. To calculate real GNP, nominal GNP is divided by the GNP deflator, which is a price index that shows inflation. Comparing nominal and real GNP allows economists to distinguish between changes in output versus changes due to price inflation. Real GNP provides a more accurate view of economic growth by filtering out the effects of rising prices.
Macroeconomics 12th-edition-dornbusch-solutions-manual
This document provides an introduction and outline for Chapter 2 of the textbook Macroeconomics. It discusses key concepts that will be covered in the chapter, including GDP, the expenditure and value added approaches to calculating GDP, price indexes like CPI and PPI, the unemployment rate, and real vs nominal variables. It provides suggestions for instructing students on these topics, such as deriving important equations and identities and relating the economic indicators to current events. The goal is to help students understand national income accounting and how it can be used to analyze the macroeconomy.
Nominal vs Real Numbers
While nominal GDP reflects changes in both production quantities and prices, real GDP accounts only for changes in production quantities by adjusting for inflation using a base year. To compare GDP between years and understand changes in production versus prices, real GDP is used. The GDP deflator is a measure of inflation as it reflects only price changes, calculated by taking the nominal GDP of a year divided by its real GDP, then multiplied by 100.
Gross Domestic Product
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total value of goods and services produced within a country in a year. Nominal GDP is unadjusted for inflation, while real GDP adjusts for inflation to reflect true economic growth. GDP and real GDP per capita can be used to measure and compare living standards and economic output between countries.
GDP Presentation
GDP, or gross domestic product, is used to measure the size and health of a country's economy. It represents the total value of all goods and services produced within a country over a period of time, usually a year. There are three main approaches to calculating GDP: production, income, and expenditure. The production approach measures the total value of goods and services produced. The income approach sums various sources of incomes, such as wages, profits, and taxes. The expenditure approach sums consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. The document provides GDP data and growth rates for Pakistan from 1960 to 2014, showing periods of higher and lower economic growth. It also compares Pakistan's GDP growth to India's over recent decades.
GDP an overview
GDP all methods explanations with examples,team members =HIRDAYRAJ SAROJ, APURVA SATIA, ADITI MULE, from SVIMS College Wadala,Mumbai BATCH-MMS I (2016-2018)
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This document discusses macroeconomic equilibrium. It defines macroeconomic equilibrium as being determined by aggregate demand and aggregate supply. Equilibrium occurs when aggregate demand equals aggregate supply (AD=AS) and income equals expenditure (Y=E). The document provides details on the components of aggregate demand (consumption, investment, government spending, exports) and aggregate supply (consumption, savings, taxes, imports). It also discusses concepts like the consumption function, marginal propensity to consume, and how equilibrium can be shown using schedules, equations, and graphs.
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1. The document discusses concepts related to national income, including definitions of gross national product (GNP), gross domestic product (GDP), net national product (NNP), and personal income.
2. It describes three methods for measuring national income: the income method, which totals income received; the product method, which calculates net values of goods and services produced; and the expenditure method, which adds up all consumption and investment expenditures.
3. The key difference between GDP and GNP is that GDP only includes domestic production within a country's borders, while GNP also includes income generated by citizens abroad.
IFM.pptx
GDP is the total monetary value of all finished goods and services produced within a country in a specific time period. It provides an economic snapshot and can be calculated in three ways: expenditures, production, or incomes. Real GDP accounts for inflation, while nominal GDP does not. Though it has limitations, GDP is a key tool used by policymakers and businesses. Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a theory that compares the relative prices and cost of living between countries, accounting for exchange rates and inflation differences. It helps determine exchange rates and compare standards of living.
01 gdp,gnp,inflation rate
This document defines and provides details about key economic indicators such as GDP, GNP, and inflation rate. It explains that GDP is the total value of goods and services produced within a country's borders, while GNP includes production by citizens abroad. The document gives Pakistan's GDP growth rate of 4.14% in 2013/14 and inflation rate of 2.11% in April 2015. It also compares how production by foreign companies like Honda would be counted in GDP vs GNP.
Gross national product
This document defines Gross National Product (GNP) as the total value of all final goods and services produced by a country's residents in a given period, regardless of location. GNP is calculated as personal consumption + private investment + government spending + net exports + income from overseas investments - income earned within the country by foreign residents. While similar to GDP, GNP accounts for residents' income from other countries. The document provides India's yearly GNP figures from 2015-2019, noting an average annual increase of 11.87% over this period.
Gross Domestic ProductErskine S. Walther, Ph.D.G.docx
Gross Domestic Product
Erskine S. Walther, Ph.D.
GDP: Defined
GDP: The market value of all final goods and services produced in an economy in a specific period of time.
Market Value: The measurement is in current prices, this known as Nominal GDP or just GDP.
Final Goods and Services: Goods and services that have reached their final usage. They are not used to produce another good or service. Goods that are used in that way are Intermediate Goods.
Intermediate Goods and Services are those that are used as inputs into the production of other goods and services. There are not directly counted in GDP as their value is included in the value (price) of the final goods and services. Thus, counting them directly would double count the same output. However, if the intermediate good has not been sold, it is counted in GDP as inventory.
GDP Defined: continued
Specific Period of Time: GDP can be computed for a month, a quarter or a year. The most common measures are annually and quarterly.
Formal, Legal Markets: Only goods and services that are traded in formal, legal markets are counted in GDP.
Underground Economy: The underground economy is composed of economic transactions involving activities that are not legal activities in a given society. These are not included in GDP. Illegal drugs and illegal gambling are common examples.
Informal Economy: These are legal activities that do no go through formal markets. They are not included in GDP. Income not reported for taxation purposes or work done for barter are examples of informal economic activities.
Some authors include legal activities as part of the underground economy definition.
GDP Defined: continued
Household Production: Productive activities done in and for the household are not counted in GDP as there is no direct monetary payment for such activities. (If you give children an allowance for household chores that would be part of the informal economy. If you clean your own home, that is household production.)
Leisure Activities: Leisure activities that do not involve the purchase of goods and services are not counted in GDP.
Spending an afternoon with family and friends that does not involve buying goods or services would not be counted in GDP as no economic transaction has occurred.
A vacation involving paid activities does count in GDP as goods and services are purchased.
GDP: Purpose
The Purpose of GDP is to measure the total output of goods and services in any economy during a specific period of time.
GDP is Value Neutral: It makes no judgments regarding product quality or whether or not a good or service is “good” for you. Those judgments are left to the consumer who is assumed to be able to make intelligent decisions that reflect their own personal tastes, preferences and values.
Changes in GDP measure economic growth.
Economic growth is the increase in the output of goods and services in an economy over a specific period of time. This must b ...
Notes eco
This document provides an introduction to key concepts in tourism economics. It discusses standardized economic measures such as GDP, FDI, and balance of payments. It also explores economic trends including recession, inflation, and standards of living. Finally, it defines GDP and how it is calculated using the production, income, and expenditure approaches. It provides examples of how GDP, FDI, and balance of payments are determined.
483159831-gdp-ppt.ppt
1) GDP is the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time, usually a year. It can be calculated through the expenditure approach by adding consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports.
2) GDP growth reflects growth in productivity and living standards over the long run. However, GDP fluctuates in the short run due to business cycles, which include periods of expansion when GDP increases and recessions when GDP decreases.
3) While GDP is a key indicator of economic activity, it does not capture all factors that influence living standards such as household production, leisure time, or environmental quality. Alternative measures attempt to incorporate these limitations.
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national income ,GNP, GDP, NOMINAL AND REAL INTEREST RATES& PPP'S
national income ,GNP, GDP, NOMINAL AND REAL INTEREST RATES& PPP'S
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"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.Pensions and housing - Pensions PlayPen - 4 June 2024 v3 (1).pdf
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Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptx
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
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GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP)
- 1. ISRA UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD NAME : VARDA SHAIKH . CLASS : BBA lV I.D : 1310-BBA027. ASSIGNMENT ON : GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) SUBJECT : MACROECONOMICS. SUBMITTED TO : MAM HAKIMZADI WAGON.
- 2. GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT: The TOTAL VALUE of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period is called gross domestic product (gdp). Though GDP is usually calculated on an annual basis, it can be calculated on a quarterly basis as well. GDP includes all of private and public consumption, governmentoutlays, investments and exports minus imports that occur within a defined territory. “GDP is a broad measurement of a nation’s overall economic activity.” GDP-indicator of the economic health of a country Itmeasures the country's standard of living. The mode of measuring GDP is uniformfromcountry to country that’s why GDP can be used to comparethe productivity/efficiency of various countries. Itis used to adjustthe inflation of the specific country compared with the current GDP measurements to the measurements of previous years or quarters.
- 3. In this way, it helps to determine the booms and recession that occur in the economical growth. Pakistan GDP Growth Rate As the graph shows thedecline in GDP from2006-2014 justbecause Pakistan is one of the under developed countries in Asia. Pakistan has a growing semi- industrialized economy that relies on manufacturing and agriculture. Itis not enough to keep up with fast population growth. To make things better we have to keep focus on two things : 1. there should be proper utilization of resources. 2. the factors of production (land,labour,capital) should beemploy in actual manner. If weplant more industries there will be morechances for the people to work more, result in more production which leads to the development of our country Pakistan.